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題名:警察派出所溯源--秦、漢時期「亭」制的沿革及其行政歸屬之研究
書刊名:警察行政管理學報
作者:陳連禎周美華周敏華
作者(外文):Chen, Lien-chenZhou, Mei-huaZhou, Min-hua
出版日期:2015
卷期:11
頁次:頁123-138
主題關鍵詞:秦漢簡秦漢史派出所警察The history of Qin and Han dynastyPolice stationTingPost office
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:3
  • 點閱點閱:30
秦、漢時期的「亭」,是今日警察派出所之起源。然考其源頭,卻是出自於先秦時期軍事防禦系統的「邊亭」或「燧亭」。自商鞅變法後,秦設立了郡、縣制度,使「亭」的功能更加擴大,由原先的「軍事亭」、「驛站」、「郵亭」等性質,再行轉換成為「治安亭」。儘管如此,「亭」在先秦時期所具備的各項職能,於秦、漢以後依然被繼續保留,使「亭」於郡、縣體制下,反而更扮演著極為重要的輔助政令推行,及維繫天下安定的重要機構。秦、漢時期「亭」站的設置,是以「十亭一鄉」及「十里一亭」為考量,但這僅是個理想的設置標準,設置時仍需依據人口的稠密度、山川地勢的險峻度、治安的良窳程度等,以考量設置的間距,及亭站的建築規模大小。因秦、漢時期,「亭」除了是維繫當地治安的重要機構外,「亭」還是重要的路標,也肩負著檢查往來行旅、提供官吏食宿、負責郵書傳遞、調解百姓糾紛,及傳達政令等勤務工作的重要樞紐點。值得一提的是,秦、漢時期「亭」雖設置在鄉里間,其行政歸屬雖是在「鄉」之下,但其專業培訓卻是由郡的「都尉」負責,由縣府負責遴選。
Tings were the primate organizations of the police stations in the Qin and Han Dynasty. It originated from the military defense systems of Pre-Qin, it was called "bing ting" or "sui ting". After Shang Yang's political reforms, Qin Shi Huang established prefecture county systems, and police stations expanded their functions. The ancient ting's were military camps, horse stations, and police stations. In the Qin Dynasty, the ting's function had transformed into police service. The Qin and Han dynasty still kept tings' functions as before. The ting was managed by the county, but the ting played an important role on launching publicity campaigns and protecting public security. In the Qin and Han dynasty, ten tings for one village and ten kilometers for one ting. These were the reasonable figures. Not all tings followed these rules, it should depend on geographic situation and the circumstance of public security. How far should it build? The government should take the distance into account. The tings were not only the important organizations to maintain public security, but also the landmark of the county. Tings also provided accommodation for the government officers; helping deliver mails; and mediating villagers' disputes and launching political campaigns. Although ting was established in the village, but police officers' training was performed by the army. The village government took charge of recruiting new officers, but they were supervised by the county government and trained by the county's army.
期刊論文
1.周振鶴(1995)。從漢代「部」的概念釋縣鄉亭裡制度。歷史研究,1995(5)。  延伸查詢new window
2.張金光(1997)。秦鄉官制度及鄉、亭、里關係。歷史研究,1997(6),30-31。  延伸查詢new window
3.張傳璽(1982)。釋「郵亭驛置徒司空,褒中縣官寺」。考古與文物,1982(5)。  延伸查詢new window
4.張俊民(2010)。敦煌懸泉漢簡所見的「亭」。南都學壇(人文社會科學學報),30(1),10-21。  延伸查詢new window
5.楊傑(200602)。《二年律令‧行書律》與漢代郵行制度。肇慶學院學報,27(1),39。  延伸查詢new window
6.魏錚(2009)。兩漢鄉亭考述--以漢宣帝時期為中心。雞西大學學報,9(6)。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.中央警察大學行政管理學系教授群(2008)。警察學總論。臺北:五南圖書出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
2.史游、顏師古(1919)。急就篇。上海:商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
3.王毓銓(1983)。萊蕪集‧漢代「亭」與「鄉」「里」不同性質不同行政系統說--「十里一亭……十部一鄉」辨正。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
4.梅可望(2014)。警察學。臺北:臺灣警察專科學校。  延伸查詢new window
5.張家山二四七號漢墓竹簡整理小組(2001)。張家山漢墓竹簡‧二年律令‧賊律。北京:文物出版社。  延伸查詢new window
6.張家山二四七號漢墓竹簡整理小組(200111)。張家山漢墓竹簡‧二年律令‧行書律。北京:文物出版社。  延伸查詢new window
7.孫詒讓(1986)。墨子閒詁‧號令篇。石家莊:河北人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.孫詒讓(200104)。墨子閒詁‧號令篇。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
9.孫詒讓(2001)。墨子閒詁‧備城門篇。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
10.林劍鳴(200302)。新編秦漢史(上)‧秦朝的統治。台北:五南圖書出版社。  延伸查詢new window
11.嚴耕望(2007)。中國地方行政制度史:秦漢地方行政制度。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
12.謝桂華、李均明、朱國炤(1987)。居延漢簡釋文合校。北京:文物出版社。  延伸查詢new window
13.陳直(1979)。漢書新證。天津:天津人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.高敏(1998)。秦漢都亭考略。秦漢史探討。鄭州:中州古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.劉海年(2006)。秦的治安機構及有關治安的法律規定。戰國秦代法制管窺。北京:法律出版社。  延伸查詢new window
3.勞榦(2006)。再論漢代的亭制。古代中國的歷史與文化。臺北:聯經。new window  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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