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外文摘要
引文資料
題名:
Accepting Overseas Health-Care Workers through EPAS: Analysis under the Framework of Two-Level Game Theory
書刊名:
人文社會學報. 國立臺灣科技大學
作者:
佐藤和美
作者(外文):
Sato, Kazumi
出版日期:
2015
卷期:
11:3
頁次:
頁237-258
主題關鍵詞:
日本-印尼EPA
;
日本-菲律賓EPA
;
外籍護士
;
外籍看護
;
Two-level-game理論
;
Japan-Indonesia EPA
;
Japan-Philippines EPA
;
Foreign nurses
;
Foreign care workers
;
Two-level game theory
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
1
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:0
點閱:30
根據日本-印尼EPA,日本自2008年起開放來自印尼的護士、看護工作人員赴日工作,而根據日本-菲律賓EPA,則是自2009年起開放。申請者仍需通過日本的國家考試,才能取得護士與看護的資格。然而,對於外籍人士而言,以日文通過日本的國家考試仍然是極高的門檻,目前錄取率非常之低。對於此一主題,許多先前研究的主要結論,是批評日本並未真正考慮國際間專業勞工的平衡移動,而由於很明顯的,對外籍人士而言以日文進行考試過於困難,開放申請其實只不過是日方為了順利簽訂EPA的一種手段而已。不同於過往的研究,本文嘗試以Putnam的Two-level-game理論,分析此一方案並釐清相關問題,並探討Level 1(國際協商)與Level 2(國內之批准)間的交互作用。為了在Level 1產生足夠廣闊之win-sets,要求申請者通過日文的國家考試亦為無可避免之條件。本文亦探討Level 1協商會改變國內政策,EPA也使得封閉的日本勞動市場注入了一股活水。
以文找文
Under its Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) with Indonesia and the Philippines, Japan began accepting nurse and care worker candidates from Indonesia and the Philippines in 2008 and 2009, respectively. However, applicants are required to pass national exams in order to obtain qualification for nursing and even care worker's job in Japan. As taking the national exams in Japanese is extremely difficult for trainees from overseas, their passing rate remains very low. Many previous studies on this subject have focused on critical arguments that the Japanese government did not consider the internationally balanced mobility of skilled laborers, and that the acceptance scheme for foreign health-care workers was used as a trade-off to conclude the EPAs. By challenging these previous studies, this paper attempts to analyze the acceptance scheme under the framework of Putnam's two-level game theory, exploring the interaction between Level I (an international negotiation) and Level II (domestic process for ratification). To make the win-win situations of both countries large enough to be overlapped on Level I negotiations, the condition requiring foreign applicants to pass the national exam in Japanese was unavoidable. This paper also explores how Level 1 bargaining has provided an impetus to change the internal system.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Ohno, S.(2012)。Southeast Asian Nurses and Caregiving Workers Transcending the National Boundaries: An Overview of Indonesian and Filipino Workers in Japan and Abroad。Kyoto University Research Information Repository,49(4),541-569。
2.
Asakura, K.、Asakura.T.、Hyodo, T.、Hirano, Y.(2009)。Nichihikan no EPAni yoru Gaikokujin Kangoshi Ukeire o meguru Shomondai (Difficulties of Accepting Foreign Nurses through the Japan-Philippines EPA)。Bulletin of School of Health Sciences Tohoku University,18(2),67-70。
3.
Dent, C. M.(2010)。Free Trade Agreements in the Asia-Pacific a Decade on; Evaluating the Past, Looking to the Future。International Relations of the Asia-Pacific,70(2),201-245。
4.
Fukagawa, Y.(2006)。Nikkan FTA Kosho Saishuppatu eno Kadai。Financial Review,57,103-124。
5.
Hatanaka, K.、Tanaka, T.(2012)。Zai-nichi Gaikoku-jin Kangoshi Kaigoshi Koho-sei no I-bunka Tekiou Mondai no Haikei ni Kansuru Kenkyu Note。Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences,34,79-90。
6.
Hosono, Y.(2011)。Negotiation Process for Accepting Nurses and Care-givers with Reference to the Japan-Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement: Political Dynamics of Policy Decision of Japan and the Philippines。Yokohama International Social Sciences Research,15(6),67-89。
7.
Iguchi, Y.(2005)。Determinants of Intra-Regional Migration and Tasks of the Economic Partnership Agreements in East Asia。The Journal of Economics of Kwansei Gakuin University,58(3),461-486。
8.
Kwon, B. K.(2006)。Regional Economic Integration and International Migration of Labor。Social information science,12,65-82。
9.
Migration News(2011)。Asia: Southeast Asia。Migration News,18(2)。
10.
Ogawa, T.(2009)。The points of discussions over accepting foreign care workers in Japan: from misunderstanding to understanding。Bulletin of Kyushu University Asia Center,3,67-76。
11.
Oishi, T.(2010)。Foreign Care Workers: Present State snd Future Issues。Bulletin of Studies,18,35-39。
12.
Sakai, A.(2008)。21 Seiki no Gaikokujin-rodosha Ukeire Seisaku: Shoshi-koreika eno Taio。Bulletin of Chiba Institute of Science,1,89-97。
13.
Yamazaki, T.(2006)。Kango Kaigo Bunya ni okeru Gaikokuj in Rodosha no Ukeire Mondai。Reference,661,4-24。
14.
Wailerdsak, N.(2009)。Tonan-ajia kara-no Gaikokuj in Rodosha: Keizairenkei-kyoutei ni Motozuku Kangoshi/Kaigo-fukushishi no Ukeire wo Megutte。Bulletin of Institute of Advance Studies on Asia,155,264-222。
15.
Putnam, Robert David(1988)。Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games。International Organization,42(3),427-460。
研究報告
1.
de Haas, H.(2011)。The determinants of international migration: Conceiving and measuring origin, destination and policy effects。University of Oxford:International Migration Institute。
圖書
1.
Asato, W.(2011)。Rodo Sakoku Nippon no Hokai (The Collapse of Labor Sakoku Japan)。Tokyo:Diamond。
2.
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(2001)。Paper on International Economy and Trade 2001。Tokyo:Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry。
3.
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(2007)。Report on Compliance by Major Trading Partners with Trade Agreements -WTO, FTA/EPA, BIT。Tokyo:Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry。
4.
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(2011)。White Paper on International Economy and Trade 2011。Tokyo:Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry。
5.
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications(2013)。Report on the administrative evaluation and surveillance of measurements against acceptance of foreigners: training system for skilled workers, etc.。Tokyo:Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications。
6.
Urata, Shujiro(2002)。FTA Gaido Bukku。Tokyo:JETRO。
7.
Watanabe and MOFA Economic Bureau EPA Negotiating Team(2007)。Kaisetu FTA. EPA Kosho。Tokyo:Nihon Keizai Hyoronsha Ltd.。
其他
1.
Buchan, J.,Parkin , T.,Sochalski, J.(2003)。International Nurse Mobility-Trend and Policy Implication, WHO,http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO—EIP—OSD一2003.3. pdf., 2011/11/11。
2.
Dokuritu Gyosei Hojin Jyoho Shori Suishin Kikou(2011)。Joho Shori Gijutusha Shiken no Kaigai tono Sogoshonin ni tuite,http://www.ipa.go.jp/jinzai/ asia/kaigai/001 .htm., 2011/12/12。
3.
Federation of Economic Organizations(2004)。Gaikoku-jin Ukeire ni Kansuru Teigen,http://www. keidanren.or.jp/japanese/policy/2004/029/ honbun.html#s., 2010/04/14。
4.
Japanese Nursing Association(2010)。News Release,http://www.nurse.or.jp/home/opinion/press/2008pdf/0617-4.pdf., 2010/06/17。
5.
JETRO(2010)。WTA/FTA Column,http://www.jetro. go.jp/theme/wto-fta/column/pdf/055 .pdf, 2011/11/10。
6.
Kyodo News(20120517)。Two successful Indonesian health-care candidates of EPA went back to home country,Kyodo News。
7.
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries(2011)。Wagakuni no Shoku to Nourin Gyogyo no Saisei no tameno Kihon Hoshin - Kodo Keikaku,http://www.maff.go.jp/j/kanbo/ saisei/pdf/shiryo 1 .pdf., 2011/10/25。
8.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs(2011)。Japan-Indonesia EPA,http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/fta/j_ASEAN/indonesia/jyobun.html., 2011/08/01。
9.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs(2011)。Japan's EPA,http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/FTA/pdfs/kyotei_0910.pdf., 2011/07/01。
10.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs(2011)。Nyukoku dokini Sasho o Hituyo to shinai Baai nituite,http://www.mofa.go. jp/ mofaj/toko/visa/tanki/novisa.html, 2011/05/15。
11.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs(2012)。Nihon no FTA Senryaku,http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko, 2012/12/03。
12.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs(2014)。EPA/FTA,http://www. mofa. go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/fta/, 2014/03/10。
13.
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare(2012)。Keizai Renkei Kyotei ni motozuku Gaikokujin kanngoshi Kaigofukushishi no Ukeire ni tuite,http://www..go.jp/bunya/koyou/other22/index.html, 2012/01/15。
14.
The Nikkei Shinbun(20140308)。Japan-China-Korea FTA negotiation; dark clouds over substantial agreement in 2014,The Nikkei Shinbun。
15.
The Sankei Shinbun(20020910)。Chinese foreign minister frowns on Japan-Taiwan FTA,The Sankei Shinbun。
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