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題名：華語學習者關係子句的習得考察--以語料庫為本的研究
書刊名：華語文教學研究
作者：張莉萍
作者(外文)：Chang, Li-ping
出版日期：2017
卷期：14:1
頁次：頁47-80
主題關鍵詞：關係子句；二語習得；中介語；語料庫；華語；Relative clause；L2 acquisition；Interlanguage；Corpus；Mandarin Chinese
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 共同引用共同引用:21
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這個研究主要是觀察學習者語料庫中不同語言能力以及不同語言類型母語學習者（英、日語）使用漢語關係子句的情況。量化後客觀的結果與教學建議摘述如後：1. 對英、日母語背景學習者而言，漢語關係子句的難度差異不大。2. 對英語、日語學習者而言，均顯示賓語關係子句較容易。建議教學時，先教賓語關係子句。3. 指量詞/數量詞和主語關係子句共現率高，英語者使用數量詞的比例是日語者的兩倍多。4. 數量詞出現於主語關係子句中，傾向於前置；出現在賓語關係子句中，傾向於後置。這是個以語料庫為本的研究，經由學習者自然產出的大量語料分析結果可以和相關的習得研究做一映照，為漢語做為二語的關係子句習得研究提供另一視角。
The aim of the study is to observe whether the learners' production of relative clauses (RCs) in Chinese accords with the SLA research generalization such as noun phrase accessibility hierarchy (NPAH). Different from the empirical method, the study investigates the RCs in more naturally produced compositions by two groups of learners speaking typologically different first languages (L1s): English and Japanese. The consequences include: (1) the difficulty of RCs is not salient for the two groups of leaners, but the types of errors are shown differently caused by L1s. The incorrect position of RCs' head nouns made by the English learners is three times than the Japanese. (2) The RCs occurs as the object of a sentence more than as the subject. (3) The acquisition of object RCs is easier for both of the two groups. (4) The determiner-measure words (DMs) co-occur with subject RCs frequently than with object ones. (5) DMs often occur in the initial position of the subject RCs; they often immediately precede the head noun of the object RCs. (6) According to the production tendency of the lower language proficiency learners, the effect of word order is higher than the animacy of noun heads or AH prediction.
期刊論文
1.Ozeki, Hiromi、Shirai, Yasuhiro(2007)。Does the noun phrase accessibility hierarchy predict the difficulty order in the acquisition of japanese relative clauses?。Studies in Second Language Acquisition，29(2)，169-196。  new window
2.陳純音(1999)。中文關係子句之第二語言習得。華文世界，94，59-76。  延伸查詢new window
3.張莉萍(20120600)。對應於歐洲共同架構的華語詞彙量。華語文教學研究，9(2)，77-96。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.Packard, Jerome L.(2008)。Relative clause processing in L2 speakers of Mandarin and English。Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association，43(2)，107-146。  new window
5.Chen, Jidong、Yasuhiro, Shirai(2014)。The acquisition of relative clauses in spontaneous child speech in Mandarin Chinese。Journal of Child Language。  new window
6.Keenan, Edward Louis、Comrie, Bernard(1977)。Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar。Linguistic Inquiry，8(1)，63-100。  new window
7.Tarallo, Fernando、Myhill, John(1983)。Interference and natural language in second language acquisition。Language Learning，33(1)，55-76。  new window
8.Chang, Hsing-Wu(1984)。The comprehension of complex Chinese sentences by children: relative clauses。Chinese Journal of Psychology，26(1)，57-66。new window  new window
9.Diessel, Holger、Tomasello, Michael(2000)。The development of relative clauses in spontaneous child speech。Cognitive Linguistics，11，131-151。  new window
10.Izumi, Shinichi(2003)。Processing difficulty in comprehension and production of relative clauses by learners of English as a second language。Language Learning，53(2)，285-323。  new window
11.Doughty, C.(1991)。Second language instruction does make a difference: Evidence from an empirical study of SL relativization。Studies in Second Language Acquisition，13(4)，431-469。  new window
12.Gass, S.(1979)。Language transfer and universal grammatical relations。Language Learning，29，327-344。  new window
13.Douglas, Dan(2001)。Performance consistency in second language acquisition and language testing research: a conceptual gap。Second Language Research，17(4)，442-456。  new window
14.Eckman, F. R.、Bell, L. H.、Nelson, D.(1988)。On the generalization of relative clause instruction in the acquisition of English as a second language。Applied Linguistics，9，1-20。  new window
15.許淳潔(20141100)。The Role of Age in Mandarin-Speaking Children's Performance of Relative Clauses。Concentric--Studies in Linguistics，40(2)，29-54。new window  new window
16.Ming, Tao、Chen, Liang(2010)。A discourse-pragmatic study of the word order variation in Chinese relative clauses。Journal of Pragmatics，42(1)，168-189。  new window
17.Sakamoto, T.、Kubota, S.(2000)。On the acquisition of Japanese relative clauses。The Bulletin of the Center for International Education, Nanzan University，1，114-126。  new window
18.Shirai, Y.、Ozeki, H.(2007)。[Studies in Second Language Acquisition] Introduction。Studies in Second Language Acquisition，29(2)，155-167。  new window
19.許怡(20140400)。Evidence of the Accessibility Hierarchy in Relative Clauses in Chinese as a Second Language。語言暨語言學，15(3)，435-464。new window  new window
20.李金滿(2013)。二語視角下漢語關係從句中的量詞分布考察。現代外語，2，166-173。  延伸查詢new window
21.吳芙芸、盛亞南(2014)。指量詞的前置優勢及賓語關係從句的產出優勢：漢語二語學習者視角。外語教學與研究（外國語文雙月刊），3，14-24。  延伸查詢new window
22.戴運財(2010)。漢語作為第二語言的關係從句習得難度調查。中國海洋大學學報（社會科學版），6，85-91。  延伸查詢new window
23.Traxler, Matthew J.、Morris, Robin K.、Seely, Rachel E.(2002)。Processing subject and object relative clauses: evidence from eye movements。Journal of Memory and Language，47(1)，69-90。  new window
會議論文
1.張寶林、崔希亮、任傑(2004)。關於"HSK動態作文語料庫"的建設構想。第三屆全國語言文字應用學術研討會。香港科技聯合出版社。544-554。  延伸查詢new window
2.Hasegawa, T.(2005)。Relative clause production by JSL children。The Fourth Annual Conference of the Japanese Society for Language Sciences。Tokyo：Kurosio。189-204。  new window
3.張莉萍(2013)。TOCFL作文語料庫的建置與應用。第二屆漢語中介語語料庫建設與應用國際學術討論會。北京：北京語言大學出版社。141-152。  延伸查詢new window
4.張莉萍(2016)。TOCFL學習者語料庫的偏誤標記。第三屆漢語中介語語料庫建設與應用國際學術討論會。北京：世界圖書出版公司。131-159。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.Cheng, Ya-Yin(1995)。The Acquisition of Relative Clauses in Chinese(碩士論文)。National Taiwan Normal University。  new window
圖書
1.Lehmann, W. P.(1978)。Syntactic Typology: Studies in the phenomenology of language。Hassocks：Harvester Press。  new window
2.Granger, S.(1998)。Learner English on computer。Longman。  new window
3.Ellis, R.、Barkhuizen, G.(2005)。Analysing learner language。Oxford University Press。  new window
4.Tewksbury, M. Gardner(1948)。Speak Chinese。New Haven, CT：Far Eastern Publications, Yale University。  new window
5.國立台灣師範大學(1960)。國語會話。台北市：國立台灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
6.葉德明(2011)。新版實用視聽華語。台北市：正中書局。  延伸查詢new window
7.劉月華、姚道中(2009)。中文聽說讀寫。Boston：Cheng & Tsui Company, Inc。  延伸查詢new window
8.劉珣(2010)。新實用漢語課本。北京語言大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Lee, T. Hun-tak(1992)。The inadequacy of processing heuristics-evidence from relative clause acquisition in Mandarin clause。Research on Chinese Linguistics in Hong Kong。Hong Kong：The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong。  new window
2.Ozeki, H.、Shirai, Y.(2007)。The consequence of variation in the acquisition of relative clauses: An analysis of longitudinal production data from five Japanese children。Diversity in language: Perspectives and implications。Stanford, CA：CSLI Publications。  new window
3.Teng, Shou-hsin(1987)。Relative Clause in Chinese。Wang Li Memorial Volume。Hong Kong：Joint Publishing Company。  new window
4.戴浩一(2013)。從範疇化看漢語關係子句。漢語語法研究的新拓展。上海教育出版社。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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