本文主要探討蔣夢麟的教育思想，特別是具有現代性（modernity）特徵之教育思想，經由其身為大學校長與教育部長，如何推動中國教育之現代化。在他的思想中，個人主義與倡導科學跟現代化有密切之關係，教育方法要跟自然科學緊密地結合在一起。蔣氏的現代化觀點，跟其留學經驗有關，藉由他在美國留學所習得之思想與知識，以推動中國教育之現代化。

The aim of this article was to inquire Jiang Meng Lin's educational thought, especially to analysis modernity in Jiang's thought. Jiang had been minister of education and university president, and it was an interesting issue that Jiang how to promote the modernization of Chinese education. Both individualism and science were tight relation with modernization in Jiang’s thought, and he claimed that educational methods which had to keep close relation with science. Jiang’s modern viewpoints were relative with his study experience on abroad, and he initiated the modernization of Chinese education by his thought and knowledge of studied in United States.