This study adopted the ＂priming effect＂ in psychological experimental research for experimental design and measurement, in order to analyze the reaction time of visual recognition of different textures of icons and observe the duration of reaction time. It intended to find out if change of icon texture would affect the recognition rate of graphs. In experimental design, in the condition of fixed outline and modeling, surface texture of icon is classified into five types, including ＂realistic expression＂, ＂grayscale expression＂, ＂line-based expression 1: white background/black lines＂, ＂line-based expression 2: black background/ white lines＂ and ＂contour silhouette expression＂. With a text-icon matching experiment, it measures subjects' reaction time of recognition to probe into effect of change of icon texture on graphic communication efficiency and recognition. According to experimental research result: (1) In experiment, in terms of design of matching and non-matching items, there is recognition difference due to different memory processes. (2) Icon texture influences graphic recognition efficiency. (3) Reaction time influences visual recognition efficiency due to specific objects. (4) Icon texture shows significant difference on reaction time and significant difference is less in the comparisons. In terms of reaction time of recognition, visual reaction of ＂non-matching＂ item is quicker than ＂matching＂ one. The findings shows that in non-matching recognition process, non-matching text-icon can be rapidly screened only according to outline characteristics. On the contrary, regarding ＂matching＂ one, we should consider the texture. The recognition is difficult and it influences the speed of reaction time.