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引文資料
題名:
笑話中歧義與推論歷程之眼動分析
書刊名:
教育心理學報
作者:
呂昕頤
/
詹雨臻
/
陳學志
作者(外文):
Lu, Hsin-i
/
Chan, Yu-chen
/
Chen, Hsueh-chih
出版日期:
2019
卷期:
50:4
頁次:
頁587-609
主題關鍵詞:
歧義笑話
;
幽默技巧
;
笑話類型
;
眼球追蹤
;
推論笑話
;
Ambiguity jokes
;
Eye tracking
;
Humor techniques
;
Inference jokes
;
Joke categories
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
1
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:
1
共同引用:
28
點閱:3
幽默是人類高層次的認知能力,相較於幽默指涉的內容,幽默刺激所使用的技巧更能引起幽默的愉悅感受;眼動追蹤技術的特色為客觀直接,可以記錄參與者的認知與情感歷程的內在表徵。本研究透過眼球追蹤技術比較不同笑話技巧(歧義與推論)的眼動差異,由客觀眼動指標與主觀評定,探究笑話理解的認知及情感歷程。以兩個實驗進行研究,採用受試者內設計,共68位參與者。實驗一探討歧義笑話技巧,獨變項為刺激類型(語音歧義笑話、語音歧義非笑話、語意歧義笑話、語意歧義非笑話、語法歧義笑話、語法歧義非笑話),依變項為眼動指標,包括首次凝視時間、總凝視時間、平均凝視次數、回視次數及平均瞳孔大小;以及主觀的理解程度與好笑程度的評定。實驗一結果顯示,參與者閱讀笑話與非笑話的營造句之首次凝視時間並無顯著差異,符合本研究假設。在笑話認知歷程,「語音歧義笑話」相較於「語法歧義笑話」,在總凝視時間最短及回視次數最少。實驗二比較推論笑話與歧義笑話的眼動軌跡,獨變項為刺激類型(語意歧義笑話、語意歧義非笑話、橋界推論笑話、橋界推論非笑話、推敲推論笑話、推敲推論非笑話)。實驗二結果顯示,推論笑話(橋界與推敲)在總凝視時間、回視次數與平均瞳孔大小皆顯著大於「語意歧義笑話」,表示推論笑話的認知理解歷程比語意歧義笑話來得久且較深層處理,其認知涉入較多而產生較高的愉悅感受。綜合兩個實驗,笑話的好笑程度受難度影響,除具備難度適中、可理解的條件,笑話技巧亦是另一重要的關鍵。未來可延伸至認知神經科學領域比較不同笑話類型的認知、情感與笑反應的大腦機制,亦可透過不同笑話技巧進行幽默的訓練課程。
以文找文
Humor is a high-level cognitive ability in humans. In jokes, it is the humor-generating technique and not the content of the humorous stimulus that generates amusement. Eye-tracking techniques can provide a direct and objective recording of participants' internal representations in various cognitive and affective processes. The present study thus aimed to compare the cognitive and affective processes associated with distinct humor techniques (i.e., ambiguity and inference jokes) by using eye-tracking techniques, with both objective eye movement indices and subjective ratings. Sixty-eight participants participated in two experiments that had within-subjects designs. Experiment 1 investigated various categories of ambiguity jokes by using stimulus categories (phonological jokes, phonological nonjokes, semantic jokes, semantic nonjokes, syntactic jokes, and syntactic nonjokes) as independent variables and both objective eye movement indices (first pass gaze duration, total viewing time, average fixation counts, regression counts, and average pupil size) and subjective ratings (comprehensibility and funniness) as dependent variables. Results supported the hypothesis that first-pass gaze durations for setup lines do not differ significantly between jokes and nonjokes. Additionally, total viewing time and regression counts were shorter and lower, respectively, while reading phonologically ambiguous jokes than for syntactically ambiguous ones. Experiment 2 compared the effects of semantically inferential and semantically ambiguous jokes. The experimental design was the same as in experiment 1, except that the stimulus categories were semantically ambiguous jokes, semantically ambiguous nonjokes, bridging inferential jokes, bridging inferential nonjokes, elaborative inferential jokes, and elaborative inferential nonjokes. Results demonstrated that total viewing time was longer, regression counts were higher, and average pupil size was bigger for inferential jokes (bridging inferential jokes and elaborative inferential jokes) than for semantically ambiguous jokes. It was concluded that the cognitive processing of inferential joke takes more time and is more complicated than that of semantically ambiguous jokes, and this consequently results in deeper cognitive involvement and amusement. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that the greatest pleasure accompanies this cognitive comprehensibility with the deeper semantic processing but that joke techniques also play a major role. Future research might use neuroimaging techniques to further investigate the neural correlates of cognitive, affective, and laughter processing of various types of joke techniques as well as design humor training courses on joke techniques.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
陳學志、鄭昭明、卓淑玲(20011200)。笑話中幽默因子的訊息整合歷程研究。中華心理學刊,43(2),137-153。
延伸查詢
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Attardo, S.(1997)。The semantic foundations of cognitive theories of humor。Humor,10(4),395-420。
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Bekinschtein, T. A.、Davis, M. H.、Rodd, J. M.、Owen, A. M.(2011)。Why clowns taste funny: The relationship between humor and semantic ambiguity。The Journal of Neuroscience,31(26),9665-9671。
4.
Chan, Y. C.(2014)。Emotional structure of jokes: A corpus-based investigation。Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering,24(6),3083-3090。
5.
Chan, Yu-Chen、Chou, Tai-Li、Chen, Hsueh-Chih、Yeh, Yu-Chu、Lavallee, Joseph P.、Liang, Keng-Chen、Chang, Kuo-En(2013)。Towards a neural circuit model of verbal humor processing: An fMRI study of the neural substrates of incongruity detection and resolution。NeuroImage,66(1),169-176。
6.
Chan, Yu-Chen、Lavallee, Joseph P.(2015)。Temporo-parietal and fronto-parietal lobe contributions to theory of mind and executive control: An fMRI study of verbal jokes。Frontiers in Psychology,6。
7.
Coulson, S.、Urbach, T. P.、Kutas, M.(2006)。Looking back: Joke comprehension and the space structuring model。Humor-International Journal of Humor Research,19(3),229-250。
8.
Vaid, J.、Hull, R.、Heredia, R.、Gerkens, D.、Martinez, F.(2003)。Getting a joke: The time course of meaning activation in verbal humor。Journal of Pragmatics,35(9),1431-1449。
9.
Schmalhofer, F.、McDaniel, M. A.、Keefe, D.(2002)。A unified model for predictive and bridging inferences。Discourse Processes,33(2),105-132。
10.
Schultz, T. R.、Horibe, F.(1974)。Development of the appreciation of verbal jokes。Development Psychology,10(1),13-20。
11.
邱發忠、陳學志、卓淑玲(20030400)。幽默創造訓練之課程設計暨實徵效果評估。教育心理學報,34(2),179-198。
延伸查詢
12.
Attardo, Salvatore、Raskin, Victor(1991)。Script theory revis(it)ed: Joke similarity and joke representation model。Humor: International Journal of Humor Research,4(3/4),293-347。
13.
An, C. P.、Chan, Y. C.、Chen, H. C.、Shih, C. I.、Tseng, L. P.、Wu, C. L.、Zhuo, S. L.(2014)。Do individuals with autism lack a sense of humor? A study of humor comprehension, appreciation, and styles among high school students with autism。Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders,8(10),1386-1393。
14.
詹雨臻(20150900)。幽默的腦神經機制。教育與心理研究,38(3),101-135。
延伸查詢
15.
Chan, Yu-Chen(2016)。Neural correlates of sex/gender differences in humor processing for different joke types。Frontiers in Psychology,7。
16.
Chan, Yu-Chen、Liao, Yi-Jun、Tu, Cheng-Hao、Chen, Hsueh-Chih(2016)。Neural correlates of hostile jokes: Cognitive and motivational processes in humor appreciation。Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,10。
17.
胡毓權、邱發忠、陳學志(20140600)。對負向刺激的注意力偏誤假設暨不同負向價性對注意力偏誤修正訓練效果的檢驗。教育心理學報,45(4),435-454。
延伸查詢
18.
黃博聖、劉政宏、陳學志(20170600)。不同結果狀態對正、負向回饋的注意與回憶效果。教育心理學報,48(4),469-486。
延伸查詢
19.
鄭昭明、陳學志、詹雨臻、蘇雅靜、曾千芝(20131200)。臺灣地區華人情緒與相關心理生理資料庫--中文笑話評定常模。中華心理學刊,55(4),555-569。
延伸查詢
20.
蘇雅靜、鄭昭明、陳學志(20140300)。笑話的逆溯推論歷程:以眼動資料為證。中華心理學刊,56(1),83-95。
延伸查詢
21.
Attardo, S.、Attardo, D. H.、Baltes, P.、Petray, M. J.(1994)。The linear organization of jokes: Analysis of two thousand texts。Humor-International Journal of Humor Research,7(1),27-54。
22.
Bucaria, C.(2004)。Lexical and syntactic ambiguity as a source of humor: The case of newspaper headlines。Humor-International Journal of Humor Research,17(3),279-310。
23.
Chan, Yu-Chen(2016)。Neural correlates of deficits in humor appreciation in gelotophobics。Scientific Reports,6(1),(34580)1-(34580)13。
24.
Chan, Y. C.、Chou, T. L.、Chen, H. C.、Liang, K. C.(2012)。Segregating humor comprehension and elaboration process of verbal jokes: An fMRI study。NeuroImage,61(4),899-906。
25.
Chan, Y. C.、Hsu, W. C.、Chou, T. L.(2018)。Dissociation between the processing of humorous and monetary rewards in the 'motivation' and 'hedonic' brain。Scientific Reports,8,15425。
26.
Chan, Yu-Chen、Hsu, Wei-Chin、Liao, Yi-Jun、Chen, Hsueh-Chih、Tu, Cheng-Hao、Wu, Ching-Lin(2018)。Appreciation of different styles of humor: An fMRI study。Scientific Reports,8(1),(15649)1-(15649)12。
27.
George, M. S.、Mannes, S.、Hoffman, J. E.(1997)。Individual differences in inference generation: An ERP analysis。Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,9(6),776-787。
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Lew, R.(1997)。Towards a taxonomy of linguistic joke。Studia Anglica Posnaniensia,31,123-152。
29.
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30.
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會議論文
1.
Ma, Wei-Yun、Chen, Keh-Jiann(2003)。Introduction to CKIP Chinese Word Segmentation System for the First International Chinese Word Segmentation Bakeoff。ACL, Second SIGHAN Workshop on Chinese Language Processing。Stroudsburg, PA:Association for Computational Linguistics。168-171。
學位論文
1.
Lew, R.(1996)。An ambiguity-based theory of the linguistic verbal joke in English(博士論文)。Adam Mickiewicz University,Poznań。
圖書
1.
Senders, Mark S.、McCormick, Ernest J.(1987)。Human Factors in Engineering and Design。McGraw-Hill。
2.
Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, I.、Schlesewsky, M.(2009)。Processing syntax and morphology: A neurocognitive perspective。New York, NY:Oxford University Press。
圖書論文
1.
Berlyne, D. E.(1972)。Humor and its kin。The psychology of humor: Theoretical perspectives and empirical issues。Academic Press。
2.
Suls, J. M.(1972)。A two-stage model for the appreciation of jokes and cartoons: An information-processing analysis。The Psychology of Humor: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Issues。Academic Press。
3.
Godkewitsch, M.(1976)。Physiological and verbal indices of arousal in rated humour。Humor and laughter: Theory, research and applications。London:Wiley。
4.
Singer, M.(1994)。Discourse inference processes。Handbook of psycholinguistics。Academic Press。
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