本研究之目的旨在：(1)發展學適合學前及學齡兒童道德現實測之測量工具。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(2)瞭解不同年齡兒童道德現實觀之發展情形。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(3)瞭解不同性別兒童道德現實觀之發展情形。 整測量工具是以皮亞傑理論為基礎的自編故事共19題，並以分層隨機抽樣方式自臺南市私立人之知幼稚園、大班和臺南師範學院附小二、四年級取得樣本共101人。所蒐集資料經皮爾遜積差相關，T考驗，單因子變異數分析，薛費法多重比較等統計分析後發現： (1)道德現實觀得分隨年齡之增加而提高。 　　(2)自3歲和5歲的得分顯示某些學前兒童已具道德判斷能力。 　　(3)5歲和7歲兒童道德現實觀得分差異頗巨。 　　(4)道德現實觀得分在性別間並無顯著差異。

　　　　　The purpose of this study were: 1) to develop a ”Moral Realism Development Scale” for the pre-school and school age children; 2) to understand children’s moral realism development among ages; and 3) to investigate children’s realism development in different sex. The instrument used in this study consists of 19 stories, which are based upon the Piaget’s theory. The samples, total 101, including the age 3, 5, 7 and 9 children, were selected from of Tainan Teacher’s College, and were chosen by the stratified random sampling method. The collected data was conducted by the Pearson Product-moment correlation method, T-test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe’s multiple comparison method. The major findings are as the followings: 1.The score of moral realism development is gradually increased by ages. 2.The scores of the age 3 and age 5 show that some pre-school children have developed moral judgement ability. 3.The score difference of moral realism development between age 5 and age 7 group is very dramatic. 4.The score of moral realism development makes no significant difference between sex.