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題名：臺灣地區民眾道德判斷因果機制之研究
書刊名：國民教育研究集刊
作者：陳怡靖 引用關係／鄭燿男
作者(外文)：Chen, I-ching／Chung, Iao-nan
出版日期：1999
卷期：7
頁次：頁127-150
主題關鍵詞：道德；道德判斷；因果機制；公德；私德；Morality；Moral judgment；Cause-result mechanism；Public morality；Private morality
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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　　　　　本研究以 1994 年中央研究院完成的「臺灣地區社會變遷調查問卷」當中對於道 德判斷的十個問題及其他相關背景資料作為分析資料，提出初步的道德判斷因果機制模型。 經過因素分析結果以亂丟垃圾、說謊、工廠亂排廢水、不照顧老弱、偷工減料、倒會、逃漏 稅等七題為公德判斷題；以婚前性行為、外遇、同性戀等三題為私道判斷問題，以統計迴歸 分析、路徑分析來看影響公私德的背景因素為哪些，以及中介因素為何，以了解臺灣目前民 眾的道德判斷問題。根據本研究分析的結果，我們可以發現，影響公德與私德道德判斷的因 素各有不同。在公德判斷方面，外省人、客家人對於公德的道德判斷標準較嚴格。父親教育 程度較高以及本人教育程度較高者，公德的道德判斷標準也較嚴格。不過在宗教信仰方面， 本研究發現有宗教信仰的人，對於公德的道德判斷標準反而較寬容。至於私德方面，本研究 發現，兩性在公德標準上沒有顯著差異，可是在私德標準上卻是女性的私德標準較嚴格，亦 即女性對於性的道德方面要求較高。而父親教育較高，以及越晚出生的人對於私德的判斷標 準較寬容。另外，與前述公德的分析結果不同的地方是，本人教育對於私德的影響雖然顯著 ，但卻是負影響，亦即本人教育程度越高，對於私德（性道德觀）的標準越開放。而有宗教 信仰的人則對於私德的標準較嚴格。而研究也發現背景因素對於私德的解釋力較公德大，亦 即私德的判斷比公德的判斷受個人背景因素的影響大，顯示民眾在私德判斷方面的差異性較 大。在中介因素上，無論公德或私德方面，本人教育及宗教信仰都具有中介的作用，亦即個 人背景變項對公、私德道德判斷的影響是透過本人教育及宗教信仰的中介作用所致。因此本 研究所擬的因果模型獲得實証支持。
　　　　　The study, according to analyses often questions of moral judgment in "An Investigating List of Social Transformation in Taiwan area "devised by Academic Sinica in 1994 and other related background information, sets a primary model of cause-result mechanism of depression of moral judgement. Analyses show that seven elements are so-called the judgement of public morality such as throwing the garbage recklessly, telling lies, leaking polluted water from factories, lack of caring for elders, the insufficiency of materials when building a house, making bankrupt viciously, failing to pay taxes. The sexual behavior before making a marriage vow, having a fair, and homosexuality are three elements of the judgement of private morality. Finding that which background and intermediate factors can influence public and private morality through statistical regression and path analyses will make us understand further the present problem of moral judgement of people in Taiwan. Another analysis in the study is that moral judgement of public and private morality are decided by different factors. In general, people whose ancestors were from Mainland China and Taiwanese Hakka will have a higher standard for moral judgement of public morality. Similarly, the strict standard for moral judgement of public morality is also accepted by people and their fathers who have received high-grade education as well. The study also finds that a person with religious faith will take a generous attitude towards moral judgement of public morality. The research reveals that there, for both sexes, is no obvious differences in the standard of public morality. Female, however, will have a high standard for private morality; that is, female usually have a higher demand for sexual morality. People whose fathers have a high-grade education and were born lately will keep an open attitude for the standard of private judgement. Unlike analyses of public morality, a person's education can influence the private morality highly. But its influence is not good side. The more education a person receives, the more his attitude towards the standard of private morality (sexual morality) will be open and free. Besides, a person with religious faith will keep a higher standard for private morality. The study also shows that explanation of background factor on private morality is greater than on public morality. The influence of a personal background factor on the judgement of private morality is larger than on the judgement of public morality. That reflects great differences of people in the judgement of private morality. A person's education and religious faith have intermediate functions no matter public or private morality. Through intermediate functions of a person's education and religious faith, a person's background variable can affect the judgement of public and private morality. There fore, the model of cause-result mechanism of depression in the study has been proved.
期刊論文
1.Krebs, D. L.、Vermeulen, S. C.、Denton, K. L.、Carpendale, J. I.(1994)。Gender and perspective differences in moral judgement and moral orientation。Journal of Moral Education，23(1)，17-26。  new window
2.Armstrong, M. B.(1987)。Moral Development and Accounting Education。Journal of Accounting Education，5(1)，27-43。  new window
3.Hau, K. T.、Lew, W. J. F.(1989)。Moral development of Chinese students in Hong Kong。International Journal of Psychology，24，561-569。  new window
4.林榮吉、張瓊文、簡錡文、尤萃如(19940600)。國小教師道德判斷問題之研究。傳習，12，61-80。  延伸查詢new window
5.Simmons, C.、Simmons, C.(1994)。Personal and moral adolescent value in England and Saudi Arabia。Journal of Moral Education，23(1)，3-15。  new window
6.羅瑞玉(19930600)。青少年的人際道德判斷之分析研究。屏東師院學報，6，225-261。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.Armon, C.、Dawson, T. L.(1997)。Developmental trajectories in moral reasoning across the life span。Journal of Moral Education，26(4)，433-453。  new window
8.Gilligan, C.(1982)。New maps of development: New visions of maturity。American Journal of Orthopsychiatry，52(2)，199-212。  new window
9.林立樹(1995)。1950年代美國同性戀團體理念與發展之探討。輔仁學誌，24，57-71。  延伸查詢new window
10.陳聰文(1981)。角色取替能力，同儕互動與道德判斷關係之研究。高雄師範學院教育學刊，3，49-110。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.黃毅志(1997)。職業教育階層論與子女管教。國立台東師院學報，8，1-26。  延伸查詢new window
12.鄭正博(1989)。高雄市高級中等學校學生道德判斷與文化差異問題之研究。高市雄中。  延伸查詢new window
13.賴世培(1994)。婚姻開放與適應性之性別研究。空大行政學報，2，173-186。  延伸查詢new window
14.Armstrong, M.(1993)。Ethics and professionalism in accounting education: a sample course。Journal of Accounting Eductgion，11，77-92。  new window
15.Baumrind, D.(1986)。Sex differences in moral reasoning: Response to Waliker's conclusion that there are none。Child development，57(2)，511-521。  new window
16.Beal, Carole R.、Ruben, A. G. K.、Stewart, T. L.、Dekle, D. J.(1997)。Childrens Moral Orientation: does the gender of dilemma character make a difference。Journal of Moral Education，26(1)，45-57。  new window
17.Berkowitz, M. W.、Grych, J.(1997)。Fostering Goodness: teaching parents to facilitate children’s moral development。Journal of Moral Education，27(3)，371-391。  new window
18.Bouhmama, D.(1986)。Relation of formal education to moral judgment development。Journal of Psychology，122(2)，155-158。  new window
19.Czyzowska, D.、Niemczynski, A.(1994)。Universality of Socio-Moral Developmental: a crosssectiona study in poland。Journal of Moral Education，25(4)，441-453。  new window
20.Etxebarria, Itziar(1994)。Non-rational Guilt: predictors of its appearance in processes of change in moral values。Journal of Moral，23(2)，145-164。  new window
21.Johnson, R. C.(1962)。A study of children's moral judgment。Child development，33，327-354。  new window
22.Medinnus, G. K.(1966)。Behavioeal and cognitive measures of conscience development。Journal of genetic psychology，109，147-150。  new window
23.Mortier, F.(1994)。Separate Values Education and Moral Developmental in Flemish secondary schools。Journal of Moral Education，24(4)，409-426。  new window
24.Ponemon, L.、Glazer, A.(1988)。Accounting Education and Ethical Development: The Influence of Liberal Learning on Students and Alumni in Accounting Practice。Issues in Accounting Education，5，21-34。  new window
25.Ponemon, L.(1993)。Can ethics be tought in accounting。Journal of Accounting Education，11，185-209。  new window
26.Selman, R.(1968)。The relation of role talking to the development of moral judgment in children。Child development，42，79-91。  new window
27.Shaub, M(1993)。An analysis of the association of traditional demographic variables with the moral reasoning of auditing students and auditiors。Journal of Accounting Education，12，1-26。  new window
28.Thomas, R.(1997)。Diversity, Values and Social Change: renegotiating a consensus on sex education。Journal of Moral Education，26(3)，257-271。  new window
29.Zigler, Ronald Lee(1998)。The Four Domains of Moral Education: the contribution of Dewey, Alexander and Goleman to a comprehensive taxonomy。Journal of Moral Education，27(1)，19-33。  new window
30.武自珍(19911000)。理情現實治療方法在臺中市生命線外遇者配偶團體實施效果之評估。當代社會工作學刊，1，135-145。  延伸查詢new window
31.馮蓉珍(19950200)。商專學生道德判斷之研究。國立屏東商專學報，3，81-109。  延伸查詢new window
32.潘冠美(19950600)。我國商專會統科修習審計學學生的道德判斷能力之研究。臺中商專學報，27，左35-54。  延伸查詢new window
33.Haan, N.、Smith, M. B.、Block, J.(19681200)。The moral reasoning of young adult political social behavior, family background and personality correlation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，10(3)，183-201。  new window
34.葉學志(19970100)。中學生倫理道德與法律認知態度對其道德行為的影響--從「宗教信仰」層面探討。教育研究資訊，5(1)，87-96。new window  延伸查詢new window
35.呂昌明(19940500)。影響大學生婚前性行為因素的性別差異之研究。衛生教育論文集刊，7，78-87。  延伸查詢new window
36.葉紹國(19960200)。國人道德推理導向與情境、性別因素研究。淡江學報，35，71-100。  延伸查詢new window
37.Sullivan, E. V.、McCullough, G.、Stager, M.(1970)。A development study of the relationship between conceptual, ego and moral development。Child Development，41(2)，399-412。  new window
38.蔡淑鈴、瞿海源(19920100)。臺灣教育階層化的變遷。國家科學委員會研究彙刊（人文及社會科學），2(1)，98-118。  延伸查詢new window
39.孫清山、黃毅志(19960300)。補習教育、文化資本與教育取得。臺灣社會學刊，19，95-139。new window  延伸查詢new window
40.陳英豪(19771100)。我國青少年道德判斷的發展及其影響的因素。高雄師院學報，6，343-410。  延伸查詢new window
41.陳英豪(19800900)。修訂道德判斷測驗及其相關研究。教育學刊，2，356-318。new window  延伸查詢new window
42.吳成豐(19940500)。人的心性、道德價值觀與行為間的關係之研究。靜宜管理學報，4，217-231。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.林邦傑、胡秉正、翁淑緣(1986)。大專道德判斷測驗使用手冊。  延伸查詢new window
2.Gilligan, C.、Langdale, S.、Lyons, N. P.、Murphy, J. M.(1982)。The contribution of women's thought to developmental theory。  new window
學位論文
1.陳聰文(1993)。專科學校企業倫理教學之研究(博士論文)。國立政治大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.蘇清守(1972)。我國學童道德判斷之研究(碩士論文)。國立台灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.李裕光(1979)。角色認知與道德判斷之關係(碩士論文)。台灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.林煌(1991)。道德判斷與價值取向之相關研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
5.趙天賜(1983)。國中生道德判斷與認知發展自我概念之關係(碩士論文)。文化大學。  延伸查詢new window
6.Berger, P. W.(1986)。The effects of consequence severity and cognitive development on moral staging(-)。University of san francisco。  new window
7.Conmelly, C. G.(1986)。Student moral judgment in seventh day adventist secondary schools(-)。Loma Linda University。  new window
8.Dossett, M. E.(1989)。Moral orientation of males and females in parental caregiving, parental non-caregiving, and non-parental roles(博士論文)。The university of Alabama。  new window
9.Fileshman, H.(1973)。The effect of age, socio-economic status and I.Q. on moral judgment(博士論文)。Emory University。  new window
10.Mcgregor, E. N.(1982)。Religiousity and gender: Two factors in cognitive moral development(博士論文)。State univerdity of New York at Buffalo。  new window
11.Romeo, J. E.(1986)。The effect of cognitive moral development instruction on Moral development scores of parochial high school students(博士論文)。University of miami。  new window
12.張鳳燕(1980)。性別、道德判斷、情境變項對我國高中生誠實行為的影響(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
13.楊瑩(1988)。臺灣地區教育擴展過程中不同家庭背景子女受教機會差異之研究(博士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.單文經(1980)。道德判斷發展與家庭影響因素之關係(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
15.楊銀興(1987)。國小學生場地獨立性、內外控信念與道德判斷的關係(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Peck, R. F.、Havighurst, R. J.、Lilienthal, J.、Moore, D.(1960)。The Psychology of Character Development。New York：Wiley。  new window
2.Rogers, D.(1968)。Reading in child psychology。Belmont, California：Broods and Cole。  new window
3.Smart, M. S.、Smart, R. C.(1973)。Adolescents: development and relationships。New York：Macmillan。  new window
4.Rest, James R.(1979)。Development in Judging Moral Issues。University of Minnesota Press。  new window
5.Kohlberg, Lawrence、單文經(1986)。道德發展的哲學。黎明文化。  延伸查詢new window
單篇論文
1.Thoma, S. J.(1984)。Estimating gender difference in the comprehension and preference of moral issues，Minneapolis, MN：University of Minnesota。  new window
圖書論文
1.Kohlberg, Lawrence(1963)。Moral development and identification。Child psychology: the sixty-second yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。  new window
2.Gilligan, C.、Attanucci, J.(1988)。Two moral orientations。Mapping the moral domain。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
3.Hoffman, M. L.(1968)。Moral development。Carmichael' s manual of child psychology。New York：Wiley。  new window
4.Johnson, R. C.(1986)。Adolescents' solutions to dilemmas in fables: Two moral orientations--Two problem solving strategies。Mapping the moral domain。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
5.Lyons, N. P.(1986)。Two perspectives on self, relationships, and morality。Mapping the moral domain。Cambridge：Harvard University Press。  new window
6.許木柱(1991)。弱勢族群問題。台灣的社會問題。台北：巨流。  延伸查詢new window
7.黃光國(19880000)。中國人的權力遊戲。中國人的心理。臺北：桂冠。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Boehm, L.、Nass, M. L.(1969)。Social class differences in conscience development。Reading in child psychology。Belmont, California：Brooks/Cole。  new window
 
 
 
 
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