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題名：Children's Understanding of the Earth Sciences
書刊名：臺南師院學報
作者：姜滿
出版日期：1993
卷期：26
頁次：頁193-219
主題關鍵詞：地球；科學；國小；學童
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(6) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:6
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:32
　　　　　自1970以來，探討學生科學概念學習之研究與日劇增。然探討學童地球 科學概念之另有架構之研究卻顯著的少於其他，如物理、化學之學門。要研究兒 童如何解釋自然現象，如何與生活環境互動，就須從了解兒童之地球科學概念作 起。建構理論建議，在給予任何教學之前，最重要的是去確認兒童的想法及其思 考特質。本研究目的則在於確認兒童對地球科學之另有想法，並探究此想法之起 源及特性。本研究以自然定性法為主，研究者對十二名臺灣國小學生(一至六年 級男女生各一)進行二次以上之臨床晤談，晤談主題是(1)日與夜(2)四季(3)月相(4) 山與河(5)風與雨。 結果顯示，樣本具有不同之另有概念，此些想法多源自生活經驗、日常用語、正 式教學及宗教信仰。對低年級樣本超自然力及兒童讀物對其想法影響較大，且多 採擬人化、利人化，及必然化之解釋類型，其想法多前後不一卻相當穩定。高年 級樣本多採符合其邏輯思考之機械化類型。多數之樣本以其生活直接經驗來解釋 自然現象，此與在校所學及教師所預期之想法，相差甚大。又部份樣本可對同一 現象持有多種解釋法而不覺衝突。
　　　　　Since the mid 1970's, there has been a dramatic increase in thenumber of studies on students' ideas in science, especially in theareas of physics, chemistry, and biology. However, the number ofstudies on children's alternative conceptions about earth science issignificantly less than in other fields of science. Understandingconcepts held by students about earth science is critical in investigatinghow students explain natural phenomena and how they react to theirenvironment. Constnictivist theory suggests that it is important toidentify children's notions and to understand the nature of their ideasbefore giving them any formal science instruction. The purposes ofthis study are to identify children's alternative conceptions about theEarth systems, to investigate the origins of children's beliefs, and tounderstand the characteristics of their explanations. A naturalistic study was conducted in Taiwan. Twelve elementarystudents (one boy and one girl from each of grades one to six) wereinterviewed twice within two weeks by the researcher. Interviewtopics were (1) day and night, (2) the four seasons, (3) the phasesof the Moon, (4) mountains and rivers, and (5) wind and rain. Allinterviews were tape recorded. Field notes and a reflective journalwere completed. The results showed that subjects held a variety of alternativeconceptions that arose from their physical experiences, everydaylanguage, formal instruction, and religion. For younger subjects,religious tales and children's literature were strong influences on theirideas about natural phenomena. Animism, artificialism, and finalismwere common types of explanations used by these subjects, and theseideas were incoherent but stable. For older subjects, mechanistic ideasappeared commonly in their explanations and made sense to them.The types of explanations subjects held were more closely related tothe characteristics of subjects' cognitive thinking than to the interviewtopics. Subjects often used their daily experiences to interpret whatthey had learned in school in ways different from what their teachershad intended. Some subjects held two explanations simultaneouslywithout conflict.
期刊論文
1.Gilbert, J. K.、Osborne, R. J.、Fensham, P. J.(1982)。Children's Science and Its Consequences for Teaching。Science Education，66(4)，623-633。  new window
2.Helm, H.(1980)。Misconceptions in physics amongst South African students。Physics Education，15(2)，92-105。  new window
3.Erickson, G.(1979)。Children's conceptions of heat and temperature。Science Education，63(2)，221-230。  new window
4.Driver, R.、Erickson, G.(1983)。Theories-in-action: some theoretical and empirical issues in the study of students' conceptual frameworks in science。Studies in Science Education，10(1)，37-60。  new window
5.Stepans, J.、Kuehn, C.(1985)。What research says: Children's conceptions of weather。Science and Children，23(1)，44-47。  new window
6.Vosniadou, S.、Brewer, W. F.(1987)。Theories of knowledge restructuring in development。Review of Educational Research，57(1)，51-67。  new window
7.Za'Rour, G. I.(1976)。Interpretation of Natural Phenomena by Lebanese School Children。Science Education，60(2)，277-287。  new window
8.Baxter, J.(1989)。Children's understanding of familiar astronomical events。International Journal of Science Education，11(5)，502-513。  new window
9.Nussbaum, Joseph、Novak, Joseph D.(1976)。An assessment of children's concepts of the earth utilizing structured interviews。Science Education，60(4)，535-550。  new window
10.Engel-Clough, E.、Driver, R.(1986)。A study of consistency in the use of students' conceptual frameworks across different task contexts。Science Education，70(4)，473-496。  new window
11.Za'Rour, G.(1975)。Science misconceptions among certain groups of students in Lebanon。Journal of Research in Science Teaching，12(4)，385-391。  new window
12.Baxter, J.(1991)。A constructivist approach to astronomy in the national curriculum。Physics Education，26，38-45。  new window
13.Driver, R.(1989)。Students' conceptions and the learning of science。International Journal of Science Education，11(5)，481-490。  new window
14.Gil-Perez, D.、Carrascosa, J.(1990)。What to do about science misconceptions。Science Education，74(5)，531-540。  new window
15.Fisher, K. M.、Lipson, J. I.(1986)。Twenty questions about student errors。Journal of Research in Science Teaching，23(9)，783-803。  new window
16.Fuson, K.(1976)。Piagetian stages in causality: Children's answers to why?。Elementary School Journal，77(2)，150-158。  new window
17.Erickson, G. L.(1980)。Children's viewpoints of heat: A second look。Science Education，64(3)，323-336。  new window
18.Hewson, H. G.、Hamlyn, D.(1985)。Cultural Metaphors: Some implications for science education。Anthropology & Education Quarterly，16，31-46。  new window
19.Jiang, M.(1991)。Tainan areas' elementary school teachers' attitudes in Earth science teaching。The Bulletin of Elementary Education，3，557-577。  new window
20.Hesse, J.(1989)。From naive to knowledgeable。The Science Teacher，56(6)，55-58。  new window
21.Jones, B. L.、Lynch, P. P.、Reesink, C.(1987)。Children's conceptions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon。International Journal of Science Education，9(1)，43-53。  new window
22.Louisa, M. F.、Veiga, C. S.(1989)。Teachers' language and pupils' ideas in science lessons: Can teacher avoid reinforcing wrong ideas?。International Journal of Science Education，11，465-479。  new window
23.Mali, Ganesh B.、Howe, Anne(1979)。Development of earth and gravity concepts among Nepali children。Science Education，63(5)，685-691。  new window
24.Osborne, R.(1984)。Children's dynamics。Physics Teacher，22，504-508。  new window
25.Nussbaum, Joseph、Sharoni-Dagan, Niva(1984)。Changes in second grade children's preconceptions about the Earth as a cosmic body resulting from a short series of audio-tutorial lessons。Science Education，67(1)，99-114。  new window
26.Solomon, J.(1985)。Children's explanations。Oxford Review of Education，12，41-51。  new window
27.Sutton, C. R.(1980)。The learner's prior knowledge: A critical review of techniques for probing its organization。European Journal of Science Education，2，107-120。  new window
28.Treagust, David F.、Smith, Clifton L.(1989)。Secondary students' understanding of gravity and the motion of planets。School Science and Mathematics，89(5)，380-391。  new window
29.Abimbola, I. O.(1988)。The Problem of Terminology in the Study of Student Conceptions in Science。Science Education，72(2)，175-184。  new window
30.Driver, Rosalind、Easley, Jack(1978)。Pupils and Paradigms: A Review of Literature Related to Concept Development in Adolescent Science Students。Studies in Science Education，5(1)，61-84。  new window
31.Nussbaum, J.(1979)。Children's conceptions of the earth as a cosmic body: a cross age study。Science Education，63(1)，83-93。  new window
32.Posner, G. J.、Strike, K. A.、Hewson, P. W.、Gertzog, W. A.(1982)。Accommodation of a scientific conception: Toward a theory of conceptual change。Science Education，66(2)，211-227。  new window
會議論文
1.Crews, W. E.(1990)。Development of a paper-and-pencil instrument to elicit student concepts concerning the earth as a planet。The Annual Meeting of The National Association for Research in Science Teaching。  new window
2.Vosniadou, S.(1988)。Knowledge restructuring and Science Instruction。The Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association，(會議日期: 1988/04/05-04/09)。New Orleans, LA。  new window
3.Dai, M.(1990)。Identification of misconceptions about the Moon held by 5th and 6th graders in Taiwan。The Annual Meeting of the National Science Teachers Association。Atlanta, Georgia。  new window
4.Dai, M. F.、Capie, W.(1990)。Misconceptions about the Moon held by preservice teachers in Taiwan。The annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching。  new window
5.Helm, H.、Hall, C.(1985)。Misconceptions' research: A problem-oriented perspective。The Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association。Chicago, Illinois。  new window
6.Sadler, P. M.(1897)。Misconceptions in astronomy。The second international seminar: Misconceptions and education strategies in science and mathematics。Ithaca, NY：Cornell University Press。422-426。  new window
7.Schoon, K. J.(1989)。Misconceptions in the earth science: a cross-age study。The Annual Meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching。  new window
8.Sutton, C.、West, L.(1982)。Investigating children's existing ideas about science。Collected works-Conference。  new window
9.Solomon, J.(1987)。Social effects and personal cognitive style。The second international seminar: Misconceptions and education strategies in science and mathematics。Ithaca, New York：Cornell University Press。448-455。  new window
研究報告
1.Lee, T.(1982)。The study of the status of elementary science instruction。  new window
圖書
1.Novak, Joseph D.(1977)。A theory of education。Cornell University Press。  new window
2.Ausubel, D. P.(1968)。Educational Psychology: A cognitive approach。New York, NY：Holt, Rinehart & Winston。  new window
3.Driver, R.、Guesne, E.、Tiberghien, A.(1985)。Children's Ideas in Science。Open University Press。  new window
4.Driver, R.(1983)。The pupil as scientist? Milton Keynes。The Open University Press。  new window
5.Piaget, J.(1972)。The Child's conception of Physical Causality。Totowa, New Jersey：Littlefield, Adams & Co.。  new window
6.Piaget, J.(1972)。Child's conception of the world。Totowa, New Jersey：Littlefield, Adams & Co.。  new window
7.Vosniadou, S.(1989)。Knowledge acquisition in observational astronomy。Illinois University, Center for The Study of Reading。  new window
8.Vosniadou, S.、Brewer, W. F.(1990)。A cross-cultural investigation of children's conceptions about the Earthy Sun and the Moon。Illinois University, Urbana, Center for the study of Reading。  new window
圖書論文
1.Duit, R.(1987)。Research on students' alternative frameworks in science-topics, theoretical frameworks, consequences for science teaching。Proceedings of the second international seminar: Misconceptions and education strategies in science and mathematics。Ithaca, NY：Cornell University Press。  new window
2.Lightman, A.、Sadler, P.(1988)。Nearly 500 years ago, Columbus proved that the Earth was round. Today's students s till don't believe it。Science and Children。  new window
 
 
 
 
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