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引文資料
題名:
Probation for the Propositional Attitudes
書刊名:
國立政治大學哲學學報
作者:
藍亭
作者(外文):
Lane, Timothy J.
出版日期:
1999
卷期:
5
頁次:
頁281-306
主題關鍵詞:
命題態度
;
消除論
;
聯結論
;
科學種類
;
因果說明
;
Propositional attitudes
;
Eliminativism
;
Connectionism
;
Scientific kinds
;
Causal explanation
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:0
點閱:22
Ramsey, Stich和Garon (1991)論證有些聯結模型支持“命題態度” (''propositional attudes")應被消除的看法。Clark (1993)針對此看法,論證命題態度即 使與“深層起因”(''underlying causes")無關聯,仍可視為"科學可接納的種類” ("scientifically respectable kinds")。他論證命題態度可經由應用“宏觀策略” (“macrostrategy")和“違反事實”(''counterfactual")分析而被“重新發現"。 我論證由於宏觀策略和違反事實分析與深層起因之關聯仍未被確認,故經由這些近路而 被重新發現的種類不應必然視之為科學可接納的。Clark支持深層起因,“微觀策略” (“microstraegies"),的研究和違反事實宏觀策略的研究有同等重要的科學價值,且主張二 者間的互動。我認為他對後者的擁護是太寬厚了。微觀策略可以約束宏觀策略,宏觀策略卻 不一定能約束微觀策略。再者,我論證雖然我們仍未有足夠理由以消除命題態度,但其已受 到很大的質疑。
以文找文
Ramsey, Stich, arid Garon (1991) argue that certain kinds of connectionist models are revolutionary in that they support a thoroughgoing eliminativism toward propositional attitudes. Clark (1993), while conceding that in-the-brain analogues of propositional attitudes may never be found, argues that propositional attitudes may be "rediscovered" through adoption of a "macrostrategy" and through counterfactual highlighting. On Clark's account, propositional attitudes may be regarded as a "scientifically respectable" kind, even if they are not linked to underlying causal mechanisms. He does endorse constraints on the "class of beings' to whom propositional attitudes may appropriately be ascribed and he holds that what we know of brain activity will influence our explanations of behavior, as well as vice versa. Clark acknowledges that this sets up a "tricky dialectic," but still he regards propositional attitude ascriptions as "defeasible." Consideration of difficulties encountered by "coarser analyses" of the "macrostrategy" leads me to be wary of regarding kinds investigated at too great a remove from causal mechanisms as scientifically respectable. Clark's endorsement of constraints on the class of beings who qualify for propositional attitude ascriptions indicates that he is sensitive to these concerns, but I find Clark's "pragmatic" position to be overly generous. Where he speaks of a "tricky dialectic," I am inclined to say that the macrostrategist need be more concerned with micro-level research than the microstrategist need be concerned with macro-level research. Moreover, my view of propositional attitude ascriptions, influenced both by Ramsey, Stich, and Garon's failure to find inner analogues and by doubts about the macro-level explanatory value of such ascriptions is that although the case for eliminativism is not yet strong enough, they should be placed on probation-i.e. though the evidence does not warrant elimination, it does warrant a reduction in their epistemic status.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Grunbaum, Adolf(1981)。The Placebo Concept。Behavior Research and Therapy,19,157-167。
2.
Lindenbaum, Shirley(1972)。Sorcerers, Ghosts, and Polluting Women: An Analysis of Religious Belief and Population Control。Ethnology,11,241-253。
3.
Povinelli, Daniel J.、Preuss, Todd M.(1995)。Theory of mind: evolutionary history of a cognitive specialization。Trends in Neurosciences,18(9),418-424。
4.
Wilkes, K. V.(1984)。Pragmatics in Science and Theory in Common Sense。Inquiry,27,339-361。
5.
Wilkes, K. V.(1991)。The Relationship Between Scientific Psychology and Common Sense Psychology。Synthese,89,15-39。
圖書
1.
Lipton, P.(1991)。Inference to the best explanation。New York:Routledge press。
2.
Churchland, Paul M.(1989)。A Neurocomputational Perspective: The Nature of Mind and the Structure of Science。Cambridge, MA:MIT Press。
3.
Clark, Andy(1993)。Associative Engines: Connectionism, Concepts, and Representational Change。Cambridge, MA:MIT Press。
4.
Hempel, Carl G.(1965)。Aspects of Scientific Explanation。New York:The Free Press。
5.
Baker, Lynne Rudder(1988)。Saving Belief。Princeton:Princeton University Press。
6.
Baker, Lynne Rudder(1995)。Explaining Attitudes。New York:Cambridge University Press。
7.
Bechtel, William、Abrahamsen, Adele(1991)。Connectionism and the Mind。Cambridge:Blackwell。
8.
Bogdan, Radu J.(1997)。Interpreting Minds。Cambridge:The MIT Press。
9.
Clark, Andy(1989)。Microcognition: Philosophy, Cognitive Science, and PDP。Cambridge:MIT Press。
10.
Hannan, Barbara(1994)。Subjectivity and Reduction。San Francisco:Westview Press。
11.
Kornblith, Hilary(1993)。Inductive Inference and Its Natural Ground。Cambridge:MIT Press。
12.
Kosso, Peter(1992)。Reading the Book of Nature。Cambridge University Press。
13.
McCauley, Robert(1996)。The Churchland’s and their critics。Cambridge:Blackwell。
14.
Nye, M.(1972)。Molecular Reality。London:Macdonald。
15.
Pappas, G.、Swain, M.(1978)。Knowledge and Justified Belief。Ithaca:Comell University Press。
16.
Rey, Georges(1997)。Contemporary Philosophy of Mind。Cambridge:Blackwell。
17.
Rosenberg, Alexander(1995)。Philosophy of Social Science。New York:Clarendon Press。
18.
Scruton, Roger(1995)。Modern Philosophy。New York:Penguin。
19.
Sober, Elliott(1993)。Philosophy of Biology。New York:Oxford U. Press。
20.
Stich, Stephen P.(1996)。Deconstructing the Mind。Oxford University Press。
單篇論文
1.
Jackson, Frank,Pettit, Philip。Causation in the Philosophy of Mind。
2.
Ruben, David。Folk Physics and Explanatory Relevance。
圖書論文
1.
Boyd, Richard(1995)。How to be a moral realist。Contemporary Materialism。NY:Routledge。
2.
Churchland, P. M.(1994)。Folk Psychology。A Companion to the Philosophy of Mind。Cambridge:Blackwell。
3.
Dennett, Daniel C.(1991)。Two contrasts: folk craft versus folk science, and belief versus opinion。The Future of Folk Psychology。New York:Cambridge U. Press。
4.
Grunbaum, Adolf(1983)。Explication and Implication of the Placebo Concept。Rationality in Science and Politics。Boston:D. Reidel。
5.
Heil, John(1991)。Being Indiscrete。The Future of Folk Psychology。New York:Cambridge U. Press。
6.
Horgan, Terence、Woodward, James(1991)。Folk Psychology is here to stay。The Future of Folk Psychology。New York:Cambridge U. Press。
7.
Kim, Jaegwon(1995)。The Non-Reductionist’s Troubles with Mental Causation。Mental Causation。New York:Oxford U. Press。
8.
Laudan, Larry(1999)。A Critique of Underdetermination。Scientific Inquiry: Readings in the Philosophy of Science。NY:Oxford University Press。
9.
Lewis, David(1986)。Causal Explanation。Philosophical Papers。New York:Oxford University Press。
10.
Lycan, William(1991)。Homoncular Functionalism Meets PDP。Philosophy and Connectionist Theory。Hillsdale, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum。
11.
Putnam, Hilary(1995)。Why there isn’t a ready-made world。Contemporary Materialism。New York:Routledge。
12.
Ramsey, W.、Stich, S.、Garon, J.(1991)。Connectionism, Eliminativism, and the Future of Folk Psychology。Philosophy and Connectionist Theory。Hillsdale, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates。
13.
Rosenberg, Alexander。How is eliminative materialism possible?。Mind and Common Sense。New York:Cambridge U. Press。
14.
Ruben, David(1998)。Arguments, Laws, and Explanations。Philosophy of Science: The Central Issues。NY:Norton。
15.
Salmon, Merilee(1992)。Philosophy of Social Science。Introduction to the Philosophy of Science。Englewood Cliffs:Prentice-Hall。
16.
Salmon, Wesley(1992)。Scientific Explanation。Introduction to Philosophy of Science。Englewood Cliffs:Prentice-Hall。
17.
Salmon, Wesley(1998)。Why Ask, “Why?”?:An Inquiry Concerning Scientific Explanation。Causality and Explanation。NY:Oxford University Press。
18.
Wilkes, K. V.(1991)。The Long Past and the Short History。Mind and Common Sense。New York:Cambridge University Press。
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