The purpose of this study was to explore drug compliant behavior and associated factors in elderly people with chronic disease. People over 65 years old who were outpatients in one of five genral hospitals, who had been suffering from chronic disease for more than two years and were taking medications, were selected as research subjects by convenient sampling. A self-administered questionnaire and SPSS/PC software were the tools used for data collection and data analysis during the research process. The results showed:(1) 38.4% of subjects had been taking medication for over five years; 47.7% took 1-2 kinds of drugs; 31.7% took medication once a day; 46.4% took 1-2 pills each time. (2) there was significantly positive correlation between drug compliant behavior and education, self-perceived economic status, life attitude, social suport, health beliefs; there was significantly negative correlation between drug compliant behavior and years of taking medication, kinds of drugs taken, times per day of taking drugs, number of pills taken each time. (3) Life attitudes, frequency of taking drugs, self-perceived economic status, health beliefs, education and social support explained 31.0% of total variance in subjects' drugs compliant behavior. By hierarchical multiple regression, life attitudes explained 11.7% of total variances in subjects' drug compliant behavior, and health beliefs and social support were not significantly predictive of subjects' drug compliant behavior. It is suggested that planning for old age should begin as early as possible, to help the elderly establish the meaning and purpose of life. Emphasizing the management of drugs, providing recotnigion of disease, and helping caregivers to take care of the elderly were important for elderly people with chronic disease. It is also necessary to promote medical services, respect the health and life decisions of the elderly, consider the education level of the elderly, and ensure the personal safety and financial security for the elderly with chronic disease.