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題名：Promoting Autonomy and Self-Direction in Language Learning
書刊名：臺北科技大學學報
作者：張素薰 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chang, Su-hsun
出版日期：1999
卷期：32:2
頁次：頁413-442
主題關鍵詞：Autonomy；Self-direction；Self-access materials；Self-assessment；獨立；自主；自我尋得的資料；自我評估
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　　　　　所謂獨立自主之學習才學生在學習過程中，主動參與並樂於承擔責任。學習上包括 個人之目標擬定，內容擇選，活動安排，進展檢視及成果評估。本文除了簡述獨立自主學習 在由言教學上之歷史背景，並且說明本學期帢施在大三學生的自主學習實驗計劃之實際作 業，結果分析及未來展望。本計劃旨在加強學生在由言學習上獨立自主之能力，藉此爾後得 以持續學習，充分發展。
　　　　　Autonomous and self-directed learning depicts a situation in which a learner takes an active role and assumes a responsible attitude towards learning. It refers to the development of the ability to set objectives, choose materials, manage activities, monitor progress and assess results in leaning on the basis of personal needs, time and preference. This paper first offers a brief historical perspective of autonomous and self-directed learning and then recounts a self-directed learning program schemed for third-year university students in the contest of a course named English and Practice. The aim of this program is to foster students' independence so that they can attain the fullest development in language learning. Discussions elicited include leaner training, outcome evaluation and future enhancement of the course.
期刊論文
1.Jones, Francis R.(1998)。Self-instruction and Success: A Learner-profile Study。Applied Linguistics，19(3)，378-406。  new window
2.Schmidt, Richard W.(1990)。The role of consciousness in second language。Applied Linguistics，11(2)，129-158。  new window
3.Lee, I.(1998)。Supporting Greater Autonomy in Language Learning。ELT Journal，52(4)，282-289。  new window
4.Wenden, A.(1986)。Helping language learners think about learning。ELT Journal，40(1)，3-12。  new window
5.Blanche, P.、Merino, B. J.(1989)。Self-assessment of foreign-language skills: Implications for teachers and researchers。Language Learning，39(3)，313-340。  new window
6.LeBlanc, R.、Painchaud, G.(1985)。Self-assessment as a second language placement instrument。TESOL Quarterly，19(4)，673-687。  new window
7.Richards, J. C.(1996)。Teachers, maxims in language teaching。TESOL Quarterly，30(2)，281-296。  new window
8.Brown, H. Douglas(1973)。Affective variables in second language acquisition。Language Learning，23(2)，231-244。  new window
9.Allwright, R. L.(1986)。The importance of interaction in classroom language learning。Applied Linguistics，5(2)，156。  new window
10.Aston, G.(1993)。The learner's contribution to the self-access center。English Language Teaching Journal，47(3)，219。  new window
11.Atkinson, D.(1989)。Humanistic' approaches in the abult classroom: An affective teaction。English Language Teaching Journal，43(4)，268。  new window
12.Barnett, L.、Jordan, G.(1991)。Self assess facilities: What are they for。English Language Teaching Journal，45(4)，305。  new window
13.Chastian, K.(1975)。An examination of the basic assumptions of "individualized" instruction。The Modern Language Journal，59，334。  new window
14.Clarke, D. F.(1991)。The negotiated syllabus: What is it and how is it likely to work。Applied Linguistics，12(1)。  new window
15.Cooley, L.(1993)。Using study guides: An approach to self-access。Hongkong Papers in Linguistics & Teaching，16，93。  new window
16.Crabbe, D.(1993)。Fostering autonomy from within the classroom: The teacher's responsibility。System，2(4)，443。  new window
17.Dickison, L.(1993)。Aspects of autonomous learning。English Language Teaching Journal，47(4)，330。  new window
18.Dickison, L.、Carver, D.(1980)。Learning how to learn: Steps towards self-direction in foreign language learning in schools。English Language Teaching Journal，35，1。  new window
19.Gardner, D.(1996)。Self-assessment for self-access learner。TESOL Journal，Spring，19。  new window
20.Gremmo, M. J.(1995)。Autonomy, self-directed and self access in language teaching and learning: The history of an idea。System，23(2)，151。  new window
21.Hole, H.(1980)。Learner-centred communicative language teaching: Needs analysis revisited。Studies in Second Language Acquisition，3(10)，26-33。  new window
22.Kenny, B.(1993)。For more autonomy。System，21(4)，431-442。  new window
23.Oxford, L.(1992)。Language learning strategies in a nutshell: Update and ESL suggestions。TESOL Journal，Winter，18。  new window
24.Sharkey, J.(1994)。Helping students become better learners。TESOL Journal，Winter，18。  new window
25.Sherrin, S.(1991)。Self-access。Language Teaching，24(3)，143。  new window
26.Van Lier, L.(1991)。Inside the classroom: Learning processes and teaching procedures。Applied Language Learning，2(1)，29-68。  new window
圖書
1.Brown, J. D.(1990)。Understanding research in second language learning。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
2.Nunan, D.(1998)。Second language teaching and learning。Boston：Heinle。  new window
3.Parrot, M.(1993)。Tasks for language teachers。Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.Nunan, D.(1988)。The learner-centered curriculum。Cambridge University Press。  new window
5.O'Malley, Joseph Michael、Chamot, Anna Uhl(1990)。Learning strategies in second language acquisition。Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.Dickinson, Leslie(1987)。Self-instruction in Language Learning。Cambridge University Press。  new window
7.Gardner, R.、Lambert, W.(1972)。Attitudes and motivation in second language learning。Rowley, MA：Newbury House。  new window
8.Jenkins, Philip(1993)。Estonia: Self development for teachers research。Teachers develop teachers research: Papers on classroom research and teacher development。London。  new window
9.Littlewood, William T.(1995)。Foreign and Second Language Learning。Foreign and Second Language Learning。Cambridge。  new window
10.Nakhoul, L.(1993)。Letting go: Preparing teachers and students for learner independence。Teachers develop teachers research。London。  new window
11.Stevick, E. W.(1980)。A way and ways。A way and ways。Rowley, MA。  new window
12.Stevick, E. W.(1982)。Teaching and learning language。Teaching and learning language。Cambridge。  new window
13.Tudor, Ian(1996)。Learning-centredness as language education。Learning-centredness as language education。Cambridge。  new window
 
 
 
 
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