期刊論文| 1. | Jarrett, William H.(1985)。Caregiving within kinship systems: Is affection really necessary ?。The Gerontologist，25(1)，5-10。   |
| 2. | Babchuk, N.(1978)。Aging and Primary Relations。International Journal of Aging and Human Development，9，137-151。 |
| 3. | Duff, Robert W.、Hong, Lawrence K.(1982)。Quality and Quantity of Social Interactions in the Life Satisfaction of Older Americans。Sociology and Social Research，66(4)，419-434。 |
| 4. | Kohen, Janet A.(1983)。Old But Not Alone: lnformal Social Supports among the Elderly by Marital Status and Sex。The Gerontologist，23(1)，57-63。 |
| 5. | Litwak, E.、Szelenyi, I.(1969)。Primary Group Structures and their Functions: Kin, Neighbors, and Friends。American Sociological Review，34，465-481。 |
| 6. | Rakowski, William、Clark, Noreen M.(1985)。Future Outlook, Caregiving and Care-Receiving in the Family Context。The Gerontologist，25(6)，618-623。 |
| 7. | Taylor, Robert Joseph(1985)。The Extended Family as a Source of Support to Elderly Blacks。The Gerontologist，25(5)，488-495。 |
| 8. | Treas, Judith(1977)。Family Support Systems for the Aged: Some Social and Demographic Considerations。The Gerontologist，17(6)，486-491。 |
| 9. | Ward, Russell A.(1985)。Informal Networks and Well-Being in Later Life: A Research Agenda。The Gerontologist，25(1)，55-61。 |
| 10. | Weeks, John R.、Cuellar, Jose B.(1981)。The Role of Family Members in the Helping Networks of Older People。The Gerontologist，21(4)，388-394。 |
| 11. | Horowitz, Amy(1985)。Sons and Daughters as Caregivers to Older Parents: Differences in Role Performance and Consequences。The Gerontologist，25(5)，612-617。 |
| 12. | Cantor, M.(1979)。Neighbors and Friends: An Overlooked Resources in the Informal Support System。Research on Aging，1，434-463。 |
| 13. | Brody, Elaine M.(1985)。Parent Care as a Normative Family Stress。The Gerontologist，25(1)，19-29。 |
| 14. | Johnson, Colleen L.、Catalano, Donald J.(1981)。Childless Elderly and Their Family Supports。The Gerontologist，21(6)，610-618。 |
| 15. | Shanas, Ethel(1979)。Social Myth as Hypothesis: The Case of Family Relations of old people。The Gerontology，19(1)，3-9。 |
| 16. | Shanas, Ethel(1979)。The family as a social support system in old age。The Gerontologist，19(2)，169-174。 |
| 17. | Dono, J.、Falbe, C.、Kail, B.、Litwak, E.、Sherman, R.、Sneggel, D.(1979)。Primary Groups in Old Age: Structure and Function。Research on Aging，1，403-433。 |
圖書| 1. | Lopata, H. Z.(1979)。Women as Widows: Support Systems。New York：Elsevier North Holland。 |
| 2. | Cicirelli, V. G.(1981)。Helping elderly parents: the role of adult children。Boston：Aubun House。 |
| 3. | 內政部(1988)。台閩地區人口統計。 延伸查詢 |
| 4. | 沙依仁(1987)。台灣地區老人身心狀況及需求之研究。台北。 延伸查詢 |
| 5. | 林美珍(1989)。中老年人性別角色與人格之研究。台大人口研究中心婦女研究室：清大社會人類研究所。 延伸查詢 |
| 6. | Farber, Bernard(1973)。Family & Kinship in Modern Society。Glenview Illinois：Scott, Foresman and Company。 |
| 7. | 徐麗君、蔡文輝(1985)。老年社會學：理論與實務。臺北：巨流圖書公司。 延伸查詢 |
| 8. | 徐立忠(1989)。老人問題與對策：老人福利服務之探討與設計。臺北：桂冠。 延伸查詢 |