This dissertation sets outs to explore the rise, origin
and essence of the special formation which is called "Guoxue"(
National scholarship), including its formation under the
condition at the ending time of Ch''ingdynasty, the rise of
China''s modernization and its modern fate. To investigate
how the why the National scholarship is considered, I have to
go through the following problems which happened in late Ch''ing,
such as the ending of Qingxue, national-essence, the disputes of
chin-ku-wen, the reconstruction of intellectual historyof the
classical antiquity, and so on. Thus, some typical cases are
chosen, such as Kang Youwei, Zhang Taiyan, Liu Shipei, Wang
Kuowei, around their academic career, scholarship and life,
because they all were the masters of traditional academic by
that time, and they used all the traditional and western
sources with their own patterns and forms to articulate Guoxue
as possible as the could. From the point of view f literary
criticism, the special forms and patter of their own academic
could be seen as a kind of modernity of the style of Guoxue.
It was treated as a kind of vital existence, with the name such
as national spirit, national mind, ideal, and actually it was
national essence. Focusing on the scholarship itself, the
main problem is, how and why the nation the rules of
intellectual of the traditional academic were challenged or
shaken, and under what kind of condition of possibility of
knowledge the were rebuilt. The second important problem is,
how and why the area of Guoxue became actualized, and reduced
to some fundamental categories, such as literature, history and
philosophy. After the May-fourth cultural revolution,
scientism became the main stream of thought, all of them were
dominated under uhe common rules of the science of history. By
that time, the objectification of the Guoxue exceeded its own
limit, and was treated as a kind of dead body. At the same
time, its name changed too, from Guoxue to Guokuxue (the
scholarship of the national past). Namely, the whole problems
changed, and it seems that the national scholarship ended in
its rising.