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題名：以系統動力學探討平衡計分卡策略動態搭配原則
作者：杜強國
作者(外文)：Chiang-Kuo Tu
校院名稱：國立中山大學
系所名稱：企業管理學系研究所
指導教授：楊碩英
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2003
主題關鍵詞：平衡計分卡；系統動力學；動態性複雜；個案研究；Balanced Scorecard；Case Study；Dynamic Complexity；System Dynamics
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近年來，平衡計分卡（Balanced Scorecard; BSC）的管理方法，受到實務界與學術界重視；其重新檢視組織績效衡量系統，並進一步發展成一套策略管理系統，推動組織將策略與驅動成功的因素和行動相連結。根據Lewy（1998）的調查，70%左右組織推動平衡計分卡經驗是失敗的；部份文獻亦提及，平衡計分卡現行理論的限制，無法探究平衡計分卡策略主題、目標、指標、與行動等之間的交互影響，所形成的動態性複雜，一旦組織缺乏瞭解此複雜特性，將產生決策者關注短期而忽略長期、與誤判回饋資訊的情形，即造成策略動態搭配不當，遂使平衡計分卡推動效益不如預期。
本研究目的在探究組織發展平衡計分卡策略的動態性複雜議題，藉由個案實務研究，探討「動態性陷阱」相關議題，並從個案研究發現，歸納發展平衡計分卡策略的動態搭配原則，以及發展「以系統動力學檢視平衡計分卡策略」的概念性架構。
研究方法主要採用系統動力學方法，進行個案研究的資料蒐集與分析；並參考個案研究方法，進行討論與命題推導。藉由兩個個案研究發現與討論，歸納六項主張，藉以提出本研究的結論。
研究結論中，提出「以系統動力學提昇平衡計分卡策略動態搭配情形」的概念性架構，藉以從觀點、方法與工具、理論形成等層面，提出有效運用系統動力學提昇平衡計分卡長期整體效益的論述；其次，彙整「動態性陷阱」相關命題；最後，提出本研究在管理上的意涵，以及本研究限制與後續研究建議。
The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) facilitates managers to balance strategic focuses on four perspectives, on complex cause and effect relationships, and on developing more systemic aligned strategy. But some literatures showed that the BSC theory and practice had some limitations. The root of limitations is “cause and effect are not closely related in time and space”. And that will mislead managers to generate misperceptions of feedback information and execute wrong strategy.
This research employs system dynamics as a method to overcome the limitations, and focuses on exploring the dynamic complexity of developing the BSC strategy. By two case studies, this research finds some opinions to conceptualize a theoretical framework, generate some dynamic pitfalls propositions, and summarize some dynamically aligned principles.
By system dynamics method, this research builds qualitative and quantitative system dynamics models and inquires the cases’ BSC strategy. And by case study method, this research follows qualitative research perspective to compare two cases and generate propositions.
The conclusion, firstly, includes a conceptualized framework of “improving the dynamic alignment of the balanced scorecard strategy in system dynamics”, to support “the theory of developing BSC with system dynamics” and enhance the long-term effectiveness of BSC strategy. Secondly, this research finds some dynamic pitfalls propositions. Lastly, this research discusses some implications on management, limitations, and future research.
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