參考文獻
英文文獻
1.Annett, M. (1992). Spatial ability in subgroups of left- and right-handers. British Journal of Psychology, 83(4), 493-515.
2.Arthur, P., & Passini, R. (1992). Wayfinding, people, sign and architecture. Cambridge, MA: McGraw-Hill.
3.Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working memory. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
4.Bailey, J. H. (1994). Spatial knowledge acquisition in a virtual environments. Doctoral dissertation, University of Central Florida.
5.Beaumont, P. B., Gray, J., Moore, G. T., & Robinson, B. (1894). Orientation and wayfinding in the Tauranga departmental building: a focused post-occupancy evaluation. Environmental Design Research Association Proceedings, 15, 77–91.
6.Bethell-Fox, C. E., & Shepard, N. E. (1988). Mental rotation: Effects of stimulus complexity and familiarity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 14, 12-23.
7.Bosco, A., Longoni, A. M., & Vecchi, T. (2004). Gender effects in spatial orientation: Cognitive profiles and mental strategies. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18, 519-532.
8.Brooke, J. (1996). SUS: A ‘quick and dirty’ usability scale. In Jordan, P. W., Thomas, B., Weerdmeester, B. A., & McClell, I. L. (Eds.), Usability evaluation in industry (pp. 189-194). London: Taylor & Francis.
9.Brown, L. N., Lahar, C. J., & Mosley, J. L. (1998). Age and gender related differences in strategy use for route information- A map present direction giving paradigm. Environment and Behavior, 30(2), 123-143.
10.Brown, W. (1932). Spatial integrations in a human maze. University of California Publications in Psychology, 5, 123-134.
11.Bryant, K. J. (1982). Personality correlates of sense of direction and geographical orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(6), 1318-1324.
12.Butler, D. L., Acquino, A. L., Hissong, A. A., & Scott, P. A. (1993). Wayfinding by newcomers in a complex building. Human Factors, 35(1), 159-173.
13.Casey, M. B. (1996). Gender, sex, and cognition: considering interrelationship between biological and environmental factors. Learning and Individual Differences, 8, 39-53.
14.Chase, W. G., & Chi, M. T. H. (1985). Cognitive skill: Implications in large-scale environments. Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum Assoc.
15.Chen, J., & Stanney, K. (1999). A theoretical model of wayfinding in virtual environmentss: proposed strategies for navigational aiding. Presence, 8(6), 671-685.
16.Coluccia, E., & Iosue, G. (2004). Gender differences in spatial orientation: A review. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(3), 329-340.
17.Coluccia, E., Bosco, A., & Brandimonte, M. A. (2007). The role of visuo-spatial working memory in map drawing. Psychological Research, 71, 359-372.
18.Coluccia, E., Iosue G., & Brandimonte M. A. (2007). The relationship between map drawing and spatial orientation abilities: A study of gender differences. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27, 135-244.
19.Cooper, L. A. (1976). Individual differences in visual comparison processes. Perception and Psychophysics, 19, 433-444.
20.Cornoldi, C., & Vecchi, T. (2003). Visuo-spatial working memory and individual differences. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
21.Creem-Regehr, S. H., Willemsen, P., Gooch, A. A., & Thompson, W. B. (2005). The influence of restricted viewing conditions on egocentric distance perception: Implications for real and virtual environments. Perception, 34, 191–204.
22.Czerwinski, M., Tan, D. S., & Robertson, G. G. (2002). Women take a wider view. In Proceedings of CHI 2002, Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 195-202) ACM press.
23.Dabbs, J. M., Chang, E. L., & Strong, R. A. (1998). Spatial ability, navigation strategy and geographic knowledge among the male and the female. Evolution and Human Behavior, 19, 89-98.
24.Darken, R. P., & Sibert, J. L. (1996a). Wayfinding strategies and behaviors in large virtual worlds (pp. 142-149). Appears in the Proceedings of ACM CHI96.
25.Darken, R. P., & Sibert, J. L. (1996b). Navigating large virtual spaces. The International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 8(1), 49-72.
26.Darken, R. P., & Banker, W. P. (1998). Navigating in natural environmentss: A virtual environments training transfer study. Proceedings of VRAIS, 12-19.
27.Darken, R. P., & Peterson, B. (2002). Spatial orientation, wayfinding and representation. In K. Stanney, (Eds.), Handbook of virtual environmentss: Design, implethe maletation and applications. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
28.Devlin, A. S., & Bernstein, J. (1995). Interactive wayfinding: Use of cues by men and women. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15, 23-38.
29.Downs, R. (1979). Mazes, mind and maps. New Providence, NJ: R. R. Bowker.
30.Downs, R. M., & Stea, D. (1973). Cognitive maps and spatial behavior: Process and products. In R. Downs & D. Stea (Eds.), Image and environment (pp. 8-26) Aldine Publications.
31.Eaton, G. (1992). Wayfinding in a library: Book searches and route uncertainty. RQ, 30(4), 523-525.
32.Evans, G. W. (1980). Environmental cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 259-287.
33.Evans, G. W., & Pezdel, K. (1980). Cognitive mapping: Knowledge of real- world and location information. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 6, 13-24
34.Galea, L. A. M., & Kimura, D. (1993). Sex differences in route learning. Personality and Individual Differences, 14(1), 53-65.
35.Garden, S., Cornoldi, C., & Logie, R. H. (2002). Visuo-spatial working memory in navigation. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16(1), 35-50.
36.Gleitman, H. (1995). Psychology (4th. ed.), NewYork: W.W. Norton and Co.
37.Goldstein, E. B. (1994). Psychology. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
38.Golledge, R. G. (1987). Environmental cognition. In D. Stokols and I. Altman, (Eds.), Handbook of environmental psychology (pp. 131-174), New York: Wiley.
39.Gramann, K., Muller, H. J., Eick, E. M., & Schonebeck, B. (2005). Evidence of separable spatial representations in a virtual navigation task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31(6), 1199-1223.
40.Hart, R. A., & Moore, G. T. (1973). The developthe malet of spatial cognition: a review. In R. M. Downs and D. Stea, (Eds.), Image and environments (pp. 246-288). Chicago, IL: Aldine Publishing Company.
41.Hart, S., & Stavel, L. (1988). Development of NASA TLX (Task Load Index): results of empirical and theoretical research. In P. Hancock, & N. Meshkati (Eds.), Human mental workload (pp.139-83). New York: North-Holl.
42.Hart, S. G., & Wickens, C. (1990). Work load assessment and prediction. In Booher, Eds., Manprint, an approach to systems integration (pp. 257-296). New York: Van Nostr and Reinhold.
43.Ingwerron, P. (1982). Research procedures in the library: Analyzed from the cognitive point of view. Journal of Documentation, 38(3), 165-191.
44.Jahns D. W. (1973). A concept of operator workload in manual vehicle operation. Meckingheim, West Germany: Forschungsinstitut Antropotechnik.
45.Janzen, G., Schade, M., & Herrmann, T. (2001). Strategies for detour finding in a virtual maze: The role of the visual perspective. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, 149-163.
46.Kaiser, H. (1974). An index of factor simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36.
47.Kato, Y., & Takeuchi, Y. (2003). Individual differences in wayfinding strategies. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(2), 171-188.
48.Kim, J. (1999). An empirical study of navigation aids in customer interfaces. Behaviour and Information Technology, 18, 213-224.
49.Kitchin, R. M. (1997). Exploring spatial thought. Environments and Behavior, 29, 123-156.
50.Klatzky, R. L. (1998). Allocentric and egocentric spatial representations: Definitions, distinctions, and interconnections. In C. Freksa, C. Habel, & K. F. Wender (Eds.), Spatial cognition I (pp. 1-18). New York: Springer.
51.Kozlowski, L. T., & Bryant, K. J. (1977). Sense of direction, spatial orientation, and cognitive maps. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3, 590-598.
52.Kyllonen, P. C., Lohman, D. F., & Woltz, D. J. (1984). Componential modeling of alternative strategies for performing spatial tasks. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 1325-1345.
53.Lang, A., Geiger, S., Strickwerda, M., & Sumner, J. (1993). The effects of related and unrelated cuts on television viewers' attention, processing capacity, and memory. Communication Research, 20(1), 4-29.
54.Lang, A., Schwartz, N., Chung, Y., & Lee, S. (2004). Procssing substance abusemessages: Production pacing, arousing content, and age. Journal of broadcasting and electronic media, 48(1), 61-88.
55.Lawton, C. A. (1994). Gender differences in way-finding strategies: Relationship to spatial ability and spatial anxiety. Sex Roles, 30, 765-779.
56.Lawton, C. A. (1996). Strategies for indoor way-finding: the role of orientation. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 16, 137-145.
57.Lawton, C. A., & Morrin, K. A. (1999). Gender differences in pointing accuracy in computer simulated 3D mazes. Sex Roles, 40(1/2), 73-92.
58.Lawton, C. A., Charleston, S. I., & Zieles, A. S. (1996). Individual and gender-related differences in indoor wayfinding. Environment and Behavior, 28, 204-219.
59.Levine, M. (1982). You-are-here maps: Psychological considerations. Environments and Behavior, 14, 221-237.
60.Levine, M., Jankovic, I., & Palij, M. (1982). Principles of spatial problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 111, 157-175.
61.Levine, M., Marchon, I., & Hanley, G. (1984). The placethe malet and misplacethe malet of you-are-here maps. Environments and Behavior, 16, 139-157.
62.Lin, D. Y. M. (2004). Evaluating older adults’ retention in hypertext perusal: impacts of presentation media as a function of text topology. Computers in Human Behavior, 20, 491-503.
63.Logie, R. H. (1995). Visuo-spatial working memory. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
64.Loring-Meier, S., & Halpern, D. F. (1999). Sex differences in visuospatial working memory: Components of cognitive processing. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 6(3), 464-471.
65.Lynch, K. (1960). The image of the city. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
66.Malinowski, J. C., & Gillespie, W. T. (2001). Individual differences in performance on a large scale, real word wayfinding task. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, 73-82.
67.McDonald, S. & Stevenson, R. J. (1998). Effects of text structures and prior knowledge of the learner on navigation in hypertext. Human Factors, 40, 18-27.
68.Miller, L. K., & Santoni, V. (1986). Sex differences in spatial abilities: strategic and experimental correlates. Acta Psychologica, 62, 225-235.
69.Moffat, S. D., Hampson, E., & Hatzipantelis, M. (1998). Navigation in a virtual maze: Sex differences and correlation with psychometric measures of spatial ability in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 19, 73-87.
70.Mollerup, P. (2005). Wayshowing: A guide to environmental signage principles & practices. Baden: Lars Müller Publishers
71.Nielsen, J. (1990). Big paybacks from ‘discount’ usability engineering. IEEE Software, 7(3), 107-108.
72.Nielsen, J. (1995). Usability inspection methods. CHI’ 95 Mosaic of creativity (pp. 377-378). Denver, Colorado, USA.
73.Nielsen, J. (2003). Usability 101: Introduction to usability, http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20030825.html, retrieved: May20, 2007.
74.Norman D. A. (2003). Emotional design: Why we love (or hate) everyday things, New York: Basic Books.
75.Norman, D. A. (1988). The psychology of everyday things. NewYork: Basic books
76.O’Laughlin, E. M., & Brubaker, B. S. (1998). Use of landmarks in cognitive mapping: gender differences in self report versus performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 24(5), 595-601.
77.O'Neill, M. J. (1991). Effects of signage and floor plan configuration on wayfinding accuracy. Environment and Behavior, 23(5), 553-574.
78.Passini, R. (1980). Wayfinding in a complex environmental analysis. Man–Environment Systems, 10, 31–40.
79.Passini, R. (1992). Wayfinding in architecture, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
80.Passini, R. (1995). Spatial representations: A wayfinding perspective, In D. Canter, (Eds.), Reading in environmental psychology (pp. 129-139). London: Academic Press.
81.Paternoster, R.H., & Bousse, L.J., & Steenhaut, O.L. (1979). A colour display unit for a 21-channel EEG-monitor, ACM, Proceedings of the 6th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, (pp. 210-217).
82.Redish, J. (2005). Six steps to ensure a successful usability test, http://www.uie.com/articles/successful_usability_test/, retrieved: Jan 18, 2005.
83.Rossano, M. J., & Moak, J. (1998). Spatial representations acquired from computer models: Cognitive load, orientation specificity and the acquisition of survey knowledge. British Journal of Psychology, 89, 481-497.
84.Ruddle, R. A., & Lessels, S. (2006). Three levels of metric for evaluating wayfinding. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 15, 637-654.
85.Ruddle, R. A., Payne, S. J., & Jones, D. M. (1998). Navigating large scale "desktop" virtual buildings: Effects of orientation aids and familiarity. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 7, 179-192.
86.Ruddle, R. A., Payne, S. J., & Jones, D. M. (1999). The effects of maps on navigation and search strategies in very-large-scale virtual environments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 5, 54-75.
87.Russell, J. A., & Ward, L. M. (1982). Environmental psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 33, 651-688.
88.Sadeghian, P., Kantardzic, M., Lozitskiy, O., & Sheta, W. (2006). The frequent wayfinding-sequence fws; methodology: Finding preferred routes in completing. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64(4), 356-374.
89.Sandstrom, N. J., Kaufman, J., & Huettel, S. A. (1998). Males and females use different distal cues in a virtual environment navigation task. Cognitive Brain Research, 6, 351-360.
90.Saucier, D. M., Green, S. M., Leason, J., MacFadden, A., Bell, S., & Elias, L. J. (2002). Are sex differences in navigation caused by sexually dimorphic strategies or by differences in the ability to use the strategies? Behavioral Neuroscience, 116(3), 403-410.
91.Scali, R. M., Brownlow, S., & Hicks, J. L. (2000). Gender differences in spatial task performance as a function of speed or accuracy orientation. Sex Roles, 45, 359-376.
92.Schiff, W., & Oldak, R. (1990). Accuracy of judging time to arrival: Effects of modality, trajectory and gender. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 16, 303-316.
93.Schmitz, S. (1997). Gender related strategies in environmental development: Effect of anxiety on wayfinding in and representation of a three-dimensional maze. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 17, 215-228.
94.Sherman, J. (1978). Sex-related cognitive differences. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
95.Shin, C. E., Schallert, D. L., & Savenye, W. C. (1994). Effects of learner control, advisement, and prior knowledge on young students’ learning in a hypertext environment. Educational Technology Research and Development, 42, 33-46.
96.Siegel, A. W., & White, S. H. (1975). The developthe malet of spatial representations of large-scale environmentss. In H. W. Reese, (Eds.), Advances in child developthe malet, 10, (pp. 37-55). New York: Academic Press.
97.Silverman, I., & Eals, M. (1992). Sex differences in spatial abilities: Evolutionary theory and data. In Barkow, H., Cosmides, I., and Tooby, J.(Eds.), The adapted mind. New York: Oxford ed.
98.Smith, G. A., & McPhee, K. A. (1987). Performance on a coincidence timing task correlates with intelligence. Intelligence, 11, 161-167.
99.Stanton, N. (Ed) (1998). Human Factors in Consumer Products, Lodon: Taylor and Francies.
100.Surdick. R. T., Davis. F. T, King, R. A., & Hodges, L. F. (1997). The perception of distance in simulated visual displays: A comparison of the effectiveness and accuracy of multipic depth cues across viewing distances. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 6(5), 513-531.
101.Van Goozen, S. H. M., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Gooren, L. J. G., & Frijda, N. H. (1995). Gender differences in behaviour: activating effects of cross-sex hormones. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 20(4), 343-363.
102.Vecchi, T., & Girelli, L. (1998). Gender differences in visuo-spatial processing:the importance of distinguishing between passive storage and active manipulation. Acta Psychologica, 99(1), 1-16.
103.Vidal, M., & Berthoz, A. (2005). Navigating in a virtual 3D maze: body and gravity, two possible reference frames for perceiving and memorizing. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 5(2&3), 139–161.
104.Vidal, M., Amorim, M. A., & Berthoz, A. (2004). Navigating in a virtual three-dimensional maze: how do egocentric and allocentric reference frames interact? Cognitive Brain Research, 19, 244–258.
105.Vigil, P. J. (1988). Online retrieval: Analysis and strategy. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
106.Waller, D., Knapp, D., & Hunt, E. (2001). Spatial representations of virtual mazes: The role of visual fidelity and individual differences. Human Factor, 43(1), 147-158.
107.Ward, S. L., Newcombe, N., & Overton, W. F. (1986). Turn left at the church, or three miles north: A study of direction giving and sex differences. Environment and Behavior, 18(2), 192-213.
108.Wickens, C.D., Lee, J., Liu, Y., & Becker, S.G. (2004). An Introduction to human factors engineering, London: Pearson Education.
109.Witmer. B. G., Bailey, J. H., Knerr, B. W., & Parsons, K. C. (1996). Virtual spaces and real world places: Transfer of route knowledge. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 45, 413-428.
110.Yoshida, H., Iramina, H., & Ueno, S. (1994). Source modeling of MEG and EEG activities evoked by color imagination, IEEE Xplore, 1, 169-170.
中文文獻
王年燦、陳佳欣，(2004)，虛擬環境中跟隨鏡頭與尋路績效之關係研究，藝術學報, 75, 55-70.胡為君 (譯)，(2003)(by Rollings, A., & Adams, E.)，大師談遊戲設計，台北市:上奇科技出版事業處.
張文德、陳建雄，(2005)，馬赫方格色覺錯視的EEG觀察研究，銘傳學刊, 14, 37-56.
陳俊文、游萬來、及邱上嘉，(2003)，探路研究的方法及應用，設計研究, 07, 222-234.
陳格理，(1999)，圖書館尋路工作之理念與設計，中國圖書館學會會報, 62, 119-134.網路引用資訊
Apple Inc., (2008). I-phone, Source: http://www.apple.com/iphone/, retrieved: March 2008.
皮托科技，行動式眼球追蹤儀，Source:http://www.pitotech.com.tw/c/1-product37.htm, retrieved: Sept., 2008.
任天堂-1，海底探險遊戲，Source: http://www.nintendo.co.jp/wii/rfbj/index.html, retrieved: Sept., 2008.
任天堂-2，Wii控製搖桿，Source: http://game.21cn.com/console/wii/sp/2006/11/15/3033776_1.shtml, retrieved: Sept., 2008.
任天堂-3，Wii控製搖桿操作情境，Source: http://game.21cn.com/console/wii/sp/2006/11/15/3033776_1.shtml, retrieved: Sept., 2008.
微軟-1，Xbox 360控製搖桿，Source:http://forum.shareget.com/t265001/, retrieved: Sept., 2008.
新力-1，海底世界—隱密紀錄，Source: http://acg.gamer.com.tw/acgDetail.php?s=13286, retrieved: Sept., 2008.
新力-2，PS3控製搖桿，Source: http://www.logitech.com/index.cfm/gaming/&cl=tw,zh, retrieved: Sept., 2008.
新力-3，新一代PS3控製搖桿可能提案，http://share3c.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!6D699C896458EA78!560.entry, retrieved: Sept., 2008.