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題名:基督宗教政教觀評析--以奧古斯丁上帝之城為基點的六種政教觀
作者:錢玉舜
作者(外文):Jacob Yuh-Shuen Chien
校院名稱:中國文化大學
系所名稱:哲學研究所
指導教授:鄭志明
石朝穎
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2009
主題關鍵詞:奧古斯丁政教關係教會國家政府雙城論兩國論上帝俗世基督徒聖經St. Augustinechurch-state relationschurchstategovernmenttwo citiestwo nationsGodsecularChristianBible
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政教關係一直都是西方歷史的重要議題,即使今日的台灣教會仍深受此問題的困擾。因此本文的目的,是要對奧古斯丁、中世紀天主教、馬丁路德、加爾文、重洗派與約翰衛斯理等六種基督宗教的政教觀,予以系統的探討,期盼透過一種兼顧歷史背景與文本思想的探究,對於這些教派或思想家,有關教會與政府的定義、目的、功能等特質,以及兩者之間的關係,作一番根本而全面的理解,再透過對這些理論的分析與批判,嘗試為吾人對於政教關係,特別是基督教的政教關係,作出一些指引與建議。歷史上,為這種教會與政府間的關係作出系統研究論述的,首推奧古斯丁的大作《上帝之城》,其所揭櫫的上帝之城與俗世之城的分判,為後世基督徒的政教觀開啟了一條二元思辯的路向,我們甚至可以說,無論是中世紀天主教、馬丁路德、加爾文、重洗派與約翰衛斯理的政教觀,都是在這種「上帝之城」與「俗世之城」或「上帝之國」與「俗世之國」的基礎上,加以詮解、發展而來的。因此,本文的研究,也將以奧古斯丁「上帝之城」為基點,來探討包括奧氏在內的六種基督宗教的政教觀,其思想內蘊與理論困難,進而發現,這六種政教觀,分別帶出:政教分立、以教導政、教依於政、以教規政、政教隔離、以教化政等六種不同的政教形態,並可將之歸類為:「政教分離」、「政教制衡」與「政教合一」三種基本類型,其思想的形成除了歷史跟哲學的因素之外,更涉及人性的狀態與對《聖經》的詮釋立場之不同,而筆者所最為欣賞、肯認的,則為約翰衛斯理所代表的,「以教化政」的政教觀,並認為這種政教觀或許可為身陷政教難題的教會界,指引一條走出重圍的路徑。
Church and State has been a vital issue in Western history, and the Christian church in Taiwan now has the same struggle. This thesis aims to provide a systematic analysis of six different related perspectives from St. Augustine, Medieval Catholicism, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Anabaptists and John Wesley. Through historical and textual research, the definitions, purposes and functions of the Church and the State, and their relations are provides a thorough understanding of the issue. The analytical criticism of the above perspectives leads to application guidelines and advice about current Church-State relations. Historically speaking, St. Augustine's City of God pioneered the study on the different natures of the City of God and the City of the earth, and begins the dual dialectics that lay the foundations of the perspectives of Medieval Catholicism, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Anabaptists and John Wesley. The thesis, also based on St. Augustine’s City of God comments on the six perspectives of Church-State Relations including the theoretical and pragmatic aspects. It reveals six forms of Church-State relations : separation of church and state, church guiding the state, church dependent to the state, church reforming the state, isolation of church and state and church transforming the state. Furthermore, they could be categorized to the three basic church-state types-"separation of church and state" , "checks and balances of church and state" and "union of church and state"”. These relations not only involve historical and philosophical reasons, but also involve the understanding of human nature and the Bible. The author recognizes that the viewpoints of John Wesley, whose stand on church transforming the state can provide a breakthrough for the Christianity in current challenges involving in Church-State relations.
(一)原典
A.原文:
Augustine, Aurelius. R. W. Dyson(Trans.),The City of God against the Pagans(London: Cambridge University Press, 1998)
Augustine, Aurelius. E. B. Pusey(Tran.),The Confessions of ST. Augustine(London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd., 1953)
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Aguinas , Thomas. Fathers of the English Dominican Province (Trans.),Summa Theologica: Latin text and English translation, introductions, notes, appendices, and glossaries,(Cambridge: Blackfriars,1964)
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Luther, Martin. T. E. Schmauk(Trans.),The Papacy at Rome, Works of Martin Luther, Vol. I(Michigan: Grand Rapids,1982.)
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Luther, Martin. C. M. Jacobs(Trans.), Disputation of Doctor Martin Luther On the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences, Works of Martin Luther, Vol. II(Michigan: Grand Rapids,1982.)
Luther, Martin. W. A. Lambert(Tran.), An Earnest Exhortation For All Christians, Warning Them Against Insurrection and Rebellion, Works of Martin Luther, Vol. III,(Michigan: Grand Rapids, 1982.)
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Luther, Martin. V ,C. M. Jacobs(Trans.), Admonition to Peace: Reply to the Twelve Articles of the Swabian Peasants, Works of Martin Luther, Vol. IV(Michigan: Grand Rapids,1982.)
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Wesley, John. The Works of John Wesley, Vol. I-XIV, (Michigan: Baker Book House, 1978.)
B.中譯本:
《聖經中文合和本》(台北:台灣聖經公會)
Augustine, Aurelius.吳宗文譯,《天主之城》上、下冊,(台北:台灣商務印書館,1971)
Augustine, Aurelius.王曉朝譯,《上帝之城》上、下冊,(香港:道風書社,2003)
Augustine, Aurelius.吳飛譯,《上帝之城-駁異教徒》上、中冊,(上海:三聯出版社,2007、2008).
Augustine, Aurelius.徐玉芹譯,《奧古斯丁懺悔錄》,(台北:志文出版社,1985.)
Aguinas , Thomas.周克勤總編,周克勤等譯,《神學大全》(台南:中華道明會、碧岳學社聯合出版,2008)
Aguinas , Thomas.馬清槐等譯,《政治哲學經典西方卷》,(北京:人民出版社,2008)
Aguinas , Thomas.,馬清槐譯,《阿奎納政治著作選》(北京:商務印書館,1982)
Calvin, John.徐慶譽等譯,《基督教要義》上、中、下冊(香港:基督教輔僑出版社,1962.)
Luther, Martin, 湯清、徐慶譽譯,《路德選集》,上册,(香港:基督教文藝出版社,2006.)
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Wesley, John. 鄔靜海譯,《基督徒的完全》,(台北:中國主日學協會,1962)
Wesley, John. 許碧端譯,《約翰衛斯理日記》(香港:基督教輔僑出版社,1956)
Wesley, John.文國偉譯,《約翰衛斯理日記選錄》(香港:循道衛理聯合教會文字事工委員會,1987)
Wesley, John. 李志強譯,《約翰衛斯理書信選錄》(香港:循道衛理聯合教會文字事工委員會,1988)
Wesley, John. Gill Fredrick(ed.),李清義等譯,《與衛斯理神交:生平選集》(台北:中華基督教衛理公會,1998)
Wesley, John.胡簪雲譯《衛斯理講道集》(香港:基督教文藝社,1996)
(二)專書
A.英文部分
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B.中譯部分
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Enns, Paul.姚錦燊譯, 《慕迪神學手冊》,(香港:證主出版社,1992. )
Gadamer, Hans-George.洪漢鼎譯, 《真理與方法:哲學詮釋學的基本特徵》,(台北:時報文化,1995.)
Gilson, Etienne.沈清松譯,《中世紀哲學精神》,(台北:台灣商務印書館,2001. )
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Zuck, Roy B.楊長慧譯,《基礎解經法》,(香港:宣道出版社,1996.)
C.中文部分
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加拿大門諾總會,《這是我們的信仰──門諾會的聖經信念》,(台北:宣道出版社,2005.)
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李天德譯,《協同書》,(台北:基督教福音道路德會,1973)
余達心,《基督教發展史新釋》,(台北:基督教改革宗翻譯社,1994.)
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林鴻信,《加爾文神學》,(台北:校園書房出版社,2004.)new window
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唐逸,《西方文化與中世紀神哲學思想》,(台北:東大出版社,1992.)
黃伯和,《加爾文神學十講》,(台南:人光出版社,1995.)
黃孕祺,《教會史話》,(香港:香港教會書室有限公司,1985.)
郭承天,《政教的分立與制衡》,(台北:中華福音神學院出版社,2001.)
紐康博,《亨利八世與英國宗教改革》,(台北:麥田出版社,2000)
梁燕城,《苦罪懸謎-從中西哲學探索「惡的問題」》,(香港:天道書樓,1983.)
張文亮,《兄弟相愛憾山河-威伯福斯與克拉朋聯盟》,(台北:校園書房出版社,1997.)
陳濟民,《認識解經原理》,(台北:校園書房出版社,1982.)
彭懷恩,《政治學導論》,(汐止:風雲論壇出版社,2008.)
楊牧谷編,《當代神學辭典(光碟版)》,(台北:校園書房出版社,1994.)
楊東川,《宣教風雲錄》,(台北:大光出版社,1993.)
楊寧亞,《聖經系統福音神學》,(台北:中華民國牧者訓練中心,2006.)
鄔昆如,《政治哲學》,(台北:正中書局,1990.)
趙敦華,《基督教哲學1500年》,(北京:人民出版社,1994).
蔡麒,《英國宗教改革研究》,(長沙:湖南師範大學,1997)
蔡麗貞,《我信聖而公之教會》,(台北:校園書房出版社,2004)
蔡麗貞,《十字架討厭的地方》,(台北:中華福音神學院出版社,2001.)
錢乘旦與陳曉律,《在傳統與變革之間:英國文化模溯源》,(台北:淑馨出版社:1992)
劉明翰,《羅馬教皇列傳》,(北京:東方出版社,1995.)
謝扶雅、許牧世編,《不列顛宗教改革思潮》,(香港:基督教輔僑出版社,1962.)
謝偉基,《門諾會信仰與生活》,(台北:基督教門諾教會台灣教會聯會文字委員會,1992.)
韓山城譯,《論教會在現代世界牧職憲章》,(台北:臺灣天主教教務協進會,1967.)
羅光,《歷史哲學》,(台北:台灣商務印書館,1983.)
羅光,《天主教教義》,(台北:輔仁大學出版社,1985.)
羅光,《牧盧文集》,卷四,(台北:輔仁大學出版社,1991).
叢日云,《在上帝與凱撒之間》,(台北:左岸文化出版社,2004).
(三)論文
A.英文部分
Johnson, Penelope D. Virtus: ‘Transition from Classical Latin to the De Civitate Dei’, in John Dunn & Ian Harris(ed.), Augustine, Vol. II, (Chelentenham: An Elgar Reference Collection, 1997.)
郭承天,’Democracy and Religion in Taiwan’,收錄於張家麟編,《亞洲政教關係》,(台北:韋伯文化出版社,2004)
B.中譯部分
Villa-Vicencio, Charles.陳佐人譯,〈改教後期之政教關係一極端更正教主義之重洗派〉,(香港:今日華人教會月刊社,1989年5月)
Villa-Vicencio, Charles.陳佐人譯,〈改教時期教會人物誌(二)-約翰.加爾文〉, (香港:今日華人教會月刊社,1989年7月)
C.中文部分
石朝穎,〈從哲學詮釋學談中國哲學的省思〉,《文明探索期刊》,19卷,(台北:書鄉文化事業有限公司,1999.7.)
林志郎,〈神學反思-門諾會信仰在台灣教會之研究〉(台北:台灣神學院1995.)
林鴻信,〈教義學與詮釋學—葛達瑪詮釋學在基督宗教「因信稱義」教義上的應用〉,(中壢:中原大學,宗教學術研討會,2000.12.1-12.2.)
周聯華,〈與新儒家對話〉,收錄於《會通與轉化》,(台北:宇宙光出版社,1985.)
莊子君,〈馬丁路德「兩國論」的政治倫理及其難題〉,《台灣教會公報》,1987期16版,(台南:教會公報社,1990.4.1.)
莊慶信,〈宗教與政治--從宗教哲學觀點看今日兩岸的政教關係〉,《哲學論集(年刊)》,28卷,(台北:輔仁大學哲學系,1995)new window
郭承天,〈台灣基督徒的民主態度與政治參與〉,《政教研討會-政爭風雲中的教會路線與合一》,(台北:中華福音神學院,2004.)
梁唯真,〈活在多重張力之間-初論約翰衛斯理之平衡與矛盾〉,(台北:台灣神學院2000)
鄒保祿,〈天主教政治思想發展史〉,《神學論集》71期,(台北:光啟出版社,1987.3)
陳思賢,〈「君王似神祇,庶民如撒但」:馬丁路德宗教改革運動中之政治觀〉,《政治科學論叢》第十七期,(台北:台灣大學政治系,2002.)
陳思賢,〈基督教新次序-加爾文主義與現代西方〉,《西洋政治思想史-中世紀篇》,(台北:五南圖書公司,2004.)
楊寧亞,〈十架神學的教會觀〉,收錄於俞繼斌編《管窺十架神學》,(新竹:中華信義神學院出版社,1997.)
廖元威,〈馬丁路德的兩國論〉,《校園雜誌》2006年5、6月號,(台北:校園書房出版社,2006.5)
廖湧祥,〈路德重洗派「兩個國度論」研究〉,《台灣神學論刊》,(台北:台灣神學院,1984年6月)
蔡英文,〈古典共和公民社會的理想與奧古斯丁政治神學之解釋〉, 《台灣哲學研究》第二期(台北:台灣哲學學會,1999.3)
蔡英文,〈昆丁.史金納的政治思辨:歷史性的政治論理〉, 收錄於《現代政治思想的基礎,卷一,文藝復興》,(台北:左岸文化出版社,2004.)
蔡維民, 〈陳水扁時代之後長老教會政教關係意識之轉變〉,收錄於張家麟編,《亞洲政教關係》,(台北:韋伯文化國際出版有限公司,2004).
錢玉舜,〈尼布爾的歷史哲學--基督新教對神人關係的省思〉(台北:中國文化大學哲學研究所碩士論文,1995)
錢玉舜,〈哥林多前書十二至十四章所謂「先知講道」恩賜之探討〉(台北:中華學術院基督教研究所,1993.)
盧俊義,〈教會如何在政治參與中避免被政爭分化、撕裂〉,《政教研討會-政爭風雲中的教會路線與合一》, (台北:中華福音神學院,2004.)
蕭高彥,〈史金納現代政治思想的基礎導論〉, 收錄於《現代政治思想的基礎,卷一,文藝復興》,(台北:左岸文化出版社,2004.)
羅漁,〈近代中國與梵蒂岡的外交關係〉,收錄於《中國近代政教關係國際學術研討會論文集》,(台北:淡江大學歷史學系,1987)
(四)網路文章
徐光福,〈約翰衛斯理神學的四大支柱〉,http://tw.myblog.yahoo.
com/jw!FpJ9aeWeG0YZdTWF.KhP/article?mid=1459.
熊璩,〈基督徒的文化使命〉, http://www.oc.org/big5_txt/bh0126b
.htm.
〈約翰衛斯理(John Wesley)〉,http://www.christianstudy.com/data/
theology/john_wesley01.html
〈攝理與神蹟〉,http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/jw!FpJ9aeWeG0YZdTW
F.KhP/article?mid=5918.
 
 
 
 
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