:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:大意策略教學對國小五年級學生閱讀理解與問題解決能力影響之研究
作者:林俊賢
作者(外文):Jun-Xian Lin
校院名稱:國立臺東大學
系所名稱:教育學系(所)
指導教授:蔡東鐘
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:大意策略教學閱讀理解大意摘取文章結構問題解決summarization strategy instructionreading comprehensionsummarizationtext structureproblem solving
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:2
大意摘取是一種重要的閱讀理解策略,它是優秀讀者在閱讀中常使用的理解策略。大意摘取對於理解、記憶文章是重要的能力,能夠掌握文章大意才能利用文章的內容推論學習,進而推取主題,而推取主題,是意義建構的核心與閱讀理解成功與否的關鍵。然而,二次跨國間的閱讀素養(PISA、PIRLS)比較顯示,我國中小學生閱讀理解能力較其他國家低,仍有很大進步空間,這與我國語文教學偏重字、詞、句等基礎層次的識字教育,老師較少教導學生高層次的閱讀策略有關。並且,閱讀是一種問題解決的歷程,而敘述性的文體是一種「敘述性的智慧」,因為,學生理解文本敘事,間接獲取人物解決問題的經驗,相當於自己親身經歷。因此,本研究的目的在於探討國小故事體、說明文體的大意策略教學,對學童閱讀理解能力、大意抓取能力、問題解決能力的影響。本研究以準實驗研究法「單因子前後測不等組」設計,輔以質性資料收集方式,對國小五年級二個班級學生進行實驗教學研究,所蒐集的資料以獨立樣本單因子共變數分析、「詹森-內曼」(Johnson-Neyman)法、Pearson積差相關進行分析,質性資料部分則先做深入理解,找出概念、事實脈絡、成因,並加以歸納統整,配合量化資料反映的現象加以報導。以下為本研究所獲得的結論:
一、大意策略教學可以增進學童閱讀理解能力:大意策略教學在「故事體文意理解」、「說明文體文意理解」沒有實驗效果。而大意策略教學在「故事體推論理解」、「說明文體推論理解」、「故事體批判理解」、「說明文體批判理解」、「故事體創造理解」、「說明文體創造理解」、「故事體主題理解」、「說明文體主題理解」實驗效果達到顯著水準。在閱讀理解整體效果方面,大意策略教學在「故事體總分」、「說明文體總分」、「閱讀理解總分」實驗效果達到顯著水準。顯示,大意策略教學可以增進學童閱讀理解能力,而質性資料亦支持量化分析所得結果。
二、大意策略教學可以增進學童大意摘取能力:大意策略教學在「故事體大意摘取」實驗效果達到顯著水準。但是,大意策略教學在「說明文體大意摘取」則是沒有實驗效果。在大意摘取整體效果方面,大意策略教學在「大意摘取總分」實驗效果達到顯著水準,這可歸因於故事體大意摘取的得分,因為本研究短時間因素學生文章結構分析不熟練,並且學生覺得說明文比故事體更加困難,而質性資料亦支持量化分析所得結果。
三、大意策略教學可以增進學童問題解決能力:大意策略教學在問題解決能力的「界定原因」、「解決方法」、「預防問題」、「變通性」、「有效性」實驗效果達到顯著水準。在問題解決整體能力方面,大意策略教學在「問題解決總分」實驗效果達到顯著水準。顯示,大意策略教學可以增進學童問題解決能力,而質性資料亦支持量化分析所得結果。
四、閱讀理解與問題解決具有顯著相關:問題解決與故事體理解(R=.62,R2=.38)、說明文理解(R=.65,R2=.42)、閱讀理解總分(R=.65,R2=.42)均達到顯著相關,不過,僅屬於中等程度相關。
最後,本研究根據研究結果提出具體建議,以供實務現場教師、教育主管單位及學術研究參考。
Summarization is an important reading comprehension strategy frequently used by good readers. Summarization is the key ability to comprehension and memorization of texts, which helps readers grasp the summary of the text before infer learning and then the theme, based on the content. The inference of the theme is the key to building core and successful reading comprehension. Nonetheless, the comparison of two reading assessments (PISA, PIRLS) shows that our junior high school students have demonstrated relatively lower ability in reading comprehension and that there is still a great room for improvement. This is a result of our literary education which emphasizes more on the basic levels such as words, phrases and sentence for language teaching, while the teachers rarely instruct students with higher-level reading strategies. Moreover, reading is one problem-solving process while narrative style is a type of “narrative intelligence” because students indirectly capture the experience of how the characters solve problems through the comprehension of the writing, providing them a near personal experience. Hence, the purpose of the study aims to explore the impact of summarization strategy instruction of elementary school story writing and expositive writing on the student ability in reading comprehension, summarization and problem solving. The study adopts the “single factor nonequivalent pre-test/post-test group” design of quasi-experimental research, supplemented by qualitative data collection, to conduct experimental teaching research on two classes of elementary fifth graders. The data collected undergo ANCOVA, Johnson-Neyman and Pearson Correlation for analysis. The qualitative data are first comprehended in-depth to find out the concepts, truth in context and causes, followed by summarization and integration for reporting in accordance with the reflection of quantitative data. The following shows the conclusion reached by the study analysis:
1. Summarization strategy instruction can improve student ability in reading comprehension.
Summarization strategy instruction does not show experimental outcome of “story interpretive comprehension” and “expositive interpretive comprehension.” On the other hand, summarization strategy instruction reaches significance in the experimental outcome of “story inferential comprehension,” “expositive inferential comprehension,” “story critical comprehension,” “expositive critical comprehension,” “story creative comprehension,” “expositive creative comprehension,” “story theme comprehension,” and “expositive theme comprehension.” In terms of the overall effect of reading comprehension, summarization strategy instruction reaches significance in the experimental outcome of “total narrative score,” “total expository score” and “total reading comprehension.” The results show that summarization strategy instruction can improve student ability in reading comprehension and qualitative data analysis also support too.
2. Summarization strategy instruction can improve student ability in summarization.
Summarization strategy instruction reaches significance in experimental outcome of “story summarization” but not “expository summarization.” In terms of the overall summarization effect, summarization strategy instruction reaches significance in the experimental outcome of “total summarization score,” which is attributed to the scores in story summarization. Students find it more difficult to analyze text structure of expository than story writing and our short-term study could not sufficient to advocate student’s practice. The analysis of qualitative data indicated that the familiarity to text structure and analysis plays the key role.
3. Summarization strategy instruction can improve student ability in problem solving.
Summarization strategy instruction reaches significance in the experimental outcome of “cause definition,” “problem solving,” “problem prevention,” “flexibility,” and “effectiveness” in problem-solving ability. In terms of the overall problem-solving ability, summarization strategy instruction reaches significance in the experimental outcome of “total problem-solving scores,” indicating that summarization strategy instruction can improve student ability in problem solving and qualitative data analysis also support too.
4. Reading comprehension is significantly correlated to problem solving.
Problem-solving and story comprehension(R=.62, R2=.38), expository comprehension(R=.65, R2=.42) and total reading comprehension (R=.65, R2=.42) all reach significant correlation, however are limited to medium-level correlation.
The study proposes specific suggestion based on the research outcome and is thereby provided as reference for on-site instructions in practice, educational authorities and academic research.
一、中文書目
王瑞芸(1996)。國小六年級國語科習作引導與學習之評估研究:以花蓮縣為例。國立花蓮師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版。
方麗娜(2003a)。交際法在對外華語文教學上的運用研究:以初級綜合課為討論範疇。高雄師大學報,15,309-329。
方麗娜(2003b)。對外華語文詞彙教學的策略研究。南師學報,37(2),1-16。
田仲閔、孟瑛如(2008)。國小閱讀理解困難兒童在不同體裁文章的閱讀理解學習成效之探討-文章結構分析策略之應用。特教論壇,4,14-30。
吳英長(1997)。老鼠變老虎-誤解變無解。國教之聲,31(2),22-27。
吳英長(1998)。國民小學國語故事體課文摘寫大意的教學過程之分析。台東師院學報,9,149-184。
吳英長(2007a)。《牧夢》導讀。載於吳英長老師紀念文集編輯委員會(主編),吳老師學思集(一)兒童文學與閱讀教學(頁148-1572)。台東:全民。
吳英長(2007b)。在教室中導讀少年小說——以〈山米與白鶴〉為例。載於吳英長老師紀念文集編輯委員會(主編),吳老師學思集(一)兒童文學與閱讀教學(頁206-232)。台東:全民。
吳英長(2007c)。作品導讀過程的分析。載於吳英長老師紀念文集編輯委員會(主編),吳老師學思集(一)兒童文學與閱讀教學(頁127-147)。台東:全民。
吳明隆(2007)。SPSS操作與應用---變異數分析實務。台北:五南。
吳宜貞(2007)。訊息呈現方式及故事架構對理解之影響。教育與心理研究,30(2),31-55。
吳敏而、江慧珠、許淑芳(1990)。國語科大意教學怎能大意。載於台灣省國民學校教師研習中心(主編),78年度國小課程研究學術研討會專輯(頁106)。板橋市:台灣省國民學校教師研習中心。
官美媛(1999)。國小學生摘取大意策略之教學研究—以五年級說明文為例。國立東華大學教育研究所碩士論文。
林生傳(1994)。教育心理學。台北:五南。
林生傳(2003)。教育研究法:全方位的統整與分析。台北:心理。
林姿君(2000)。同儕互動中閱讀策略使用歷程之探討─以國小四年級國語科小組討論為例。台北市立師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版。
林俊賢(2004)。小學國語文摘寫大意的教學過程分析─以議論文為例。台東大學教育學報,15(2),123-162。
林俊賢(2008)。Shulman模式之「轉化」運用-以玻璃娃娃事件為例。教育資料與研究雙月刊,82,167-192。
林俊賢(2009)。華語文教學之師生提問策略研究---以故事體的提問為例。教育資料與研究雙月刊,90,25-52。
林煥祥、劉聖忠、林素微、李暉(2008)。臺灣參加PISA 2006成果報告。國科會研究計畫(編號:NSC 95-2522-S-026-002)。
林建平(1994)。整合學習策略與動機的訓練方案對國小閱讀理解困難兒童的輔導效果。台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所博士論文,未出版。
林清山(譯)(1997)。教育心理學-----認知取向。台北:遠流。
林蕙君(1995)。閱讀能力、說明文結構對國小高年級學生的閱讀理解及閱讀策略使用之影響研究。新竹師院國民教育研究所論文集,57-85。
林寶貴、錡寶香(2000)。中文閱讀理解測驗之編製。特殊教育研究學刊,19,79-104。
洪裕欣(2009)。國小兒童摘要能力與學業成就之相關研究。台北市立教育大學課程與教學研究所碩士論文,未出版。
柯華葳、陳冠銘(2004)。文章結構標示與閱讀理解---以低年級學生為例。教育心理學報,36(2),185-200。
柯華葳、張郁雯(1999)。華語文能力測驗編製報告。測驗年刊,46(2),85-100。
柯華葳、詹益綾(2007)。國民中學閱讀推理篩選測驗編制報告。測驗學刊,54(2),429-450。
柯華葳、詹益綾、張建妤、游婷雅(2008)。PIRLS 2006報告---台灣四年級學生閱讀素養。檢索日期:2011年10月20日。取自http://lrn.ncu.edu.tw/pirls/PIRLS%202006%20Report.html
信世昌(1997)。華語文教學之「領域」思考。華文世界,84,17-24。
南一書局(2008a)。國語五下。台南:南一。
南一書局(2008b)。國語五下。台南:南一。
高明美(譯)(2004)。B. Hobson & A. Kennaway著。愛水的河馬(八版)(Hot Hippo)。台北:台灣英文雜誌社。
康軒文教事業(2007a)。國語五上。台北:康軒文教事業。
康軒文教事業(2007b)。國語五上。台北:康軒文教事業。
康軒文教事業(2007c)。國語五上。台北:康軒文教事業。
陸怡琮(2011)。摘要策略教學對提升國小五年級學童摘要能力與閱讀理解的成效。教育科學研究期刊,56(3),91-118。
國立編譯館(1981)。國語課本第五冊。台北:國立編譯館。
國立編譯館(1982)。國語課本第十一冊。台北:國立編譯館。
國立編譯館(1988)。國語課本第七冊。台北:國立編譯館。
國立編譯館(1989)。國語課本第八冊。台北:國立編譯館。
國立編譯館(2002a)。國語課本第八冊。台北:國立編譯館。
國立編譯館(2002b)。國語課本第八冊。台北:國立編譯館。
國立編譯館(2002c)。國語課本第九冊。台北:國立編譯館。
國立編譯館(2003)。國語課本第十冊。台北:國立編譯館。
蒲基維(2008)。修辭學融入華語文教學的理論與實例。中原華語文學報,2,87-112。
曾彥翰、蔡昆瀛(2007)。文章結構教學對增進國小聽覺障礙學生說明文閱讀理解成效之研究。特殊教育研究學刊,32(2),67-91。
曾陳密桃(1998)。國民中小學的後設認知及其與閱讀理解之相關研究。國立政治大學教育研究所博士論文,未出版。
舒兆民(2002)。遠距華語文化與語體教學試探。人文及社會科學教學通訊,12(5),60-75。
詹秀美、吳武典(2007)。新編問題解決測驗。台北:心理。
黃光國(2003)。社會科學的理路。台北:心理。
黃瑞琴(1991)。質的教育研究方法。台北:心理。
黃郁婷(2010)。運用互動電子白板與小組合作學習策略輔助國小四年級摘寫國語課文大意之成效研究。彰化師大教育學報,17,93-119。
溫明麗(1998)。批判性思考教學——哲學之旅。台北:師大書苑。
溫明麗(2004)。詮釋典範與教育研究。載於潘慧玲(主編),教育研究方法論:觀點與方法(頁155-186)。台北:心理。
曹逢甫(1994)。對比分析與華語語法教學。華文世界,74,120-133。
陳文安(2006)。國小學生摘要策略之教學研究---以六年級為例。國立屏東教育大學心理與輔導學系碩士論文,未出版。
陳希奇(1994)。華語語法教學之探討。華文世界,74,116-119。
陳培基(2005)。學好華語文的妙工具:小孩子一學就會的部首碼。師大校友,328,48-50。
張于忻(2008)。華語文遊戲設計與實施。中原華語文學報,2,113-133。
張玉成(2005)。發問技巧與學生創造力之增進。教育資料集刊,30,181-200。
張春興(1991)。現代心理學。台北:東華。
張春興,林清山(1993)。教育心理學。台北:東華。
教育部(1997)。國民小學課程標準。台北:教育部。
教育部(2008)。國民中小學九年一貫課程綱要語文學習領域。檢索日期:2013年12月2日。取自:http://140.111.34.54/EJE/content.aspx?site_content_sn=15326
教育部(2003)。九年一貫課程--概要內涵。檢索日期:2004年3月1日。取自:http://teach.eje.edu.tw/9CC/brief/brief2.php
梁財妹(1994)。培養兒童摘取大意的能力。國語日報。1994 年 5 月 5 日。
楊韻平(1993)。兒童摘取文章大意的能力。國立政治大學教育學系碩士論文,未出版。
鄭承昌(2006)。雙組前後測實驗分析:Johnson-Neyman法(1.1 版)[電腦軟體]。台東:國立台東大學。
鄭昭明(1987)。認知心理學與教育研究--一般介紹。現代教育,4,86─114。
錡寶香(1999)。國小學童閱讀理解能力之分析。國教學報,11,100-133。
簡惠燕(2000)。國小學童在科學問題解決過程中創造力與後設認知之相關研究。屏東師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版。
藍婷(譯)(2009)。伊索Aesop著。伊索寓言。台北:方向出版社。
劉素真、田耐青(2010)。指導三年級學童運用概念構圖摘寫文章大意。國民教育,51(1),84-91。
劉惠卿(2006)。概念構圖教學對國小六年級學童國語文「摘取大意」學習成效之研究。國立花蓮教育大學國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版。
葉春杏(2010)。文章摘要教學策略對國小五年級學生閱讀理解成就之研究。國立彰化師範大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文,未出版。
蔡銘津(1995)。文章架構與分析策略教學對增進學童閱讀理解與寫作成效之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育系博士論文,未出版。
蔡喬育(2006)。加速學習教學策略在華語教學上之應用。華語文教學研究,3(1),135-150。
蔡智敏(1998)。從選舉辭彙看華語文教學。華文世界,88,17-25。
樊雪梅(1995)。頂層結構教學方案與問題討論教學方案對國小學生閱讀與文章回憶之影響。國立台灣師範大學教育與輔導學系研究所碩士論文,未出版。


二、外文書目
Afflerbach, P., Pearson, P. D., & Paris, S. G. (2008). Clarifying differences between reading skills and reading strategies. The Reading Teacher, 61(5), 364–373.
Anderson , V., & Hidi, S.(1989).Teaching students to summarize: By following several simple precepts, teachers can help their students learn to select important ideas and to condense text. Educational Leadership, 46(4), 26-28.
Armbruster, B. B., Anderson, T. H., & Ostertag, J. (1991). Does text structure summarization instruction facilitate learning from expository text? Reading Research Quarterly, 22, 331-346.
Armbruster, B. B., Echols, C., & Brown, A. L. (1982). The role of metacognition in reading to learn: A developmental perspective. Volta Review, 84, 45-56.
Baleghizadeh, S., & Babapour, M. (2011). The effect of summary writing on reading comprehension and recall of EFL students. The NERA Journal, 47(1), 44-48.
Baker, L., & Brown, A. L. (1984). Metacognitive skills and reading. In P. David Pearson (Ed.), Handbook of reading research. New York: Longman.
Broek, P. V. D., Lynch, J. S., Naslund, J., Ievers-Landis, C. E., & Verduin, K. (2003). The development of comprehension of main ideas in narratives: Evidence from the selection of titles. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 707-718.
Brown, A. L. (1985). Metacognition: The development of selective attention strategies for learning from texts. In H. S. Singer & R. B. Ruddell (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading (3rd ed.). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
Brown, A. L., & Day, J. D. (1983). Macro rules for summarizing texts: The development of expertise. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 1-14.
Brown, A. L., Day, J. D., & Jones, R. S. (1983). The development of plans for summarizing texts. Child Development, 54, 968-979.
Bruning, R. H., Schraw, G. J., & Ronning, R. R. (1995). Cognitive psychology and instruction( 2nd ed). Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall.
Bigge, M. L., & Shermis, S. S. (1999). Learning theories for teachers Reading. MA: Addison Wesley Longman.
Buck, C. C., Gilrane, C. P., Brown, C. L., Hendricks, D. A., Rearden, K.T., & Wilson, N. (2011). There’s hope in the story: Learning culture through international and intercultural children’s and young adult literature. The NERA Journal, 47(1), 49-59.
Byrnes, J. P. (2001). Cognitive development and learning in instructional contexts. Needlham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Ciardiello, A. V. (2000). Student questioning and multidimensional literacy in the 21st century. The Educational Forum, 64(Spring), 215-222.
Cook, L., & Mayer, R. (1988). Teaching readers about the structure of scientific text. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(4), 448-456.
Cunningham, J. W., & Moore, D. W. (1986). The confused world of main idea. In J. F. Baumann(ed.), Teaching Main Idea Comprehension (pp. 1-17). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
Dishner, E. K., & Readence, J. E. (1973). A systematic procedure for teaching Main Idea. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the 1973 National Reading Conference.
Dole, J. A., Duffy, G. G., Roehler, L. R., & Pearson, P. D. (1991). Moving from the old to the new: Research on reading comprehension instruction. Review of Educational Research, 61, 239-264.
Dowing, J. & Leong, C. K. (1982). Psychology of Reading. London: Macmillan Publishing Co, lnc.
Duke, N. K., & Pearson, P. D. (2009). Effective practices for developing reading comprehension. Journal of Education, 189(1/2), 107-122.
Eanet, M., & Manzo, A.V. (1976). REAP: A strategy for improving reading, writing, study skills. Journal of reading, 19, 647-652.
Englert, C. S., & Hiebert, D. H. (1984). Children’s developing awareness of textstructures in expository materials. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 65-74.
English, L. D. (1997). Promoting a problem-posing classroom. Teaching Children Mathematics, 4(3), 172-180.
English, L. D., Cudmore, D., & Tilly, D. (1998). Problem Posing and critiquing: How it can happen in your classroom. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 4(2), 124-129.
Gagn'e, E. D. (1985). The cognitive psychology of school learning. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
Gajria, M., & Salvia, J. (1992). The effects of summarization instruction on text comprehension of students in expository materials. Journal of Educaitonal Psychology, 76, 65-74.
Garner, R. (1988). Metacognition and reading comprehension. Norwood, N. J.: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
Gaultney, J. F., & Hack-Weiner, N. (1993). The role of Knowledge base and declarative metamemory in the acquisition of a reading strategy. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 355 504)
Goodman, K. S. (1986). What’s whole in whole language? Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Gough, P. (1985). One second of reading. In H. Singer & R. Ruddell (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading (3rd ed.). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
Graesser, A. C., Pomeroy, V. J., & Craig, S. D. (2002). Psychological and computational research on theme comprehension. In M. Louwerse & W. van Peer (Eds.), Thematics: Interdisciplinary studies. (pp. 19-34). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Hare, V. C. (1992). Summarizing text. In J. W. Irwin & M. A. Doyle (eds.), Reading/Writing Connections: Learning Form Research. Newark, Del. :IRA.
Hare, V. C., Rabinowitz, M., & Schieble, K. M. (1989). Text effects on main idea comprehension. Reading Research Quarterly, 24(1), 72-78.
Harris, T. L., & Hodges, R. E. (1995). The literacy dictionary: The vocabulary of reading and writing. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
Head, M. H., Readence, J. E., & Buss, R. R. (1989). An examination of summary as a measure of reading comprehension. Reading Research and Instruction, 28(4), 1-11.
Heilman, A., Blair, T., & Rupley, W. (1990). Principles and practicesof teaching reading. Columbus, Ohio: Merrill.
Hernandez-Serrano, J., & Jonassen, D. H. (2003). The effects of case libraries on problem solving. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 19, 103-114.
Hidi, S., & Anderson, V. (1986). Producing written summaries: Task demands, cognitive operations, and implications for instruction. Review of Educational Research, 56(4), 473-542.
Horowitz, R., & Samuel, S. J. (1985). Reading and listening to expository text. Journal of Reading Behavior, 17(3), 185-198.
Houiz, J. C., & Selby, E. C. (2009). Problem Solving Style, Creative Thinking, and Problem Solving Cotifidence. Educational Research Quarterly, 33(1), 18-30.
Hwang, G. J., & Kuo, F. R. (2011). An information-summarising instruction strategy for improving the web-based problem solving abilities of students. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 27(2), 290-306.
Irwin, J. W. (1991). Teaching reading comprehension processes (2nd ed.). Needham Heights, MA.: Allyn & Bacon.
Irwin, J. W. (2007). Teaching reading comprehension processes (3rd ed.). Boston, MA.: Allyn & Bacon.
Jacobs, J. E., & Paris, S. G. (1987). Children’s metacognition about reading: Issues in definition, measurement, and instruction. Educational Psychologist, 22, 255-278.
Jonassen, D. H. (1997). Instructional design models for well-structured and ill-structured problem-solving learning outcomes. Educational Technology, Research and Development, 45, 1, 656-694.
Jonassen, D. H. (2000). Toward a design theory of problem solving. Educational Technology, Research and Development, 48(4), 63-85.
Jonassen, D. (2011). Supporting Problem Solving in PBL. The Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 5(2), 95-119.
Jonassen, D. H. & Hernandez-Serrano, J. (2002). Case-based reasoning and instructional design. Educational Technology, Research and Development, 50(2), 65-77.
Jones, J., & Leahy, S. (2006). Developing strategic readers. Science and Children, November, 30-34.
Kamil, M. L., & Pearson, P. D. (1979). Theory and practice in teaching reading. New York University Education Quarterly, 10-16.
Karagöz, M., & Çakir, M. (2011). Problem Solving in Genetics: Conceptual and Procedural Difficultie. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 11(3). 1668-1674.
Kintsch, W. (1986). Learning form text. Cognition and Instruction, 3(2), 87–108.
Kintsch, W. (2005). An overview of top-down and bottom-up effects in comprehension: The CI Perspective. Discourse Processes, 39(2&3), 125–128.
Kintsch, W., & van Dijk, T. A. (1978). Toward a model of text comprehension and production. Psychological Review, 85(5), 363-394.
Lehr, S. (1988). The child’s developing Sense of theme as a response to literature. Reading Research Quarterly, 28(3), 337-357.
Lukens, R. J. (1986). A Critical Handbook of Children’s Literature (3rd ed.). Glenview, Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Co.
Majors, S. (2009). Content analysis of four core basal programs: focusing on comprehension strategies(story structure, summarizing, and the use of graphic or organizers). (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alabama, 2009).
Martinelio, M. L. (1998). Learning to question for inquiry. The Educational Forum, 62(Winter), 164-171.
Mason, J. M., & Au, K. H. (1986). Reading instruction for today. Glenview, IL:Scott, Forresman and Company.
Meyer, B. J. F. (1984). Text dimensions and cognitive processing. In H. Mandl, N. L. Stein & T. Trabasso (Eds.), Learning and Comprehension of Text (pp. 3-50). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate.
Meyer, B. J. F. (1985). Prose analysis: Purposes, procedures, and problems. In B. K. Britton & J. B. Black (Eds.), Understanding expository text (pp.11-87). Hillsdale, NF: Lawerence Erlbaum Associates.
Meyer, B. J. F., & Rice, G. E. (1984). The structure of text. In P. D. Pearson, R. Barr, M. L. Kamil, & P. Mosenthal (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (Vol. 1, pp. 319-352). New York: Longman.
Meyer, B. J. F., Bartlett, B. J., & Young, C. J. (1987). Training use of top-level structure in expository text: Increases in reading comprehension of young and old adults. Paper presented at the Thirty-Second Annual Convention of the 1987 International Reading Association, Anaheim, California.
Nation, K., & Snowling, M. J. (2000). Factors influencing syntactic awareness skills in normal readers poor comprehension. Applied Psycholoinguistics, 21, 229-241.
Pardo, L. S. (2004). What every teacher needs to know about comprehension. The Reading Teacher, 58, 272-280.
Paris, S. G., & Hamilton, E. E. (2009). The development of children’s reading comprehension. In S. E. Israel & G. G. Duffy (Eds.), Handbook of research of reading comprehension (pp. 32-53). Madison Ave, NY: Routledge.
Parker, M., & Hurry, J. (2007). Teachers' use of questioning and modeling comprehension skills in primary classrooms. Educational Review, 59(3), 299-314.
Pearson, P. D., & Johnson, D. (1978), Teaching reading comprehension. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Pearson, P. D., & Stephens, D. (1993). Learning about literacy: A 30-year journey. In C. J. Gordon, G. D. Labercane, & W. R. McEachern (Eds.), Elementary reading: Process and practice (pp. 4-18). Boston: Ginn Press.
Pressley, M. (1998). Comprehension’s strategies instruction. In J. Osborn & F. Lehr (Eds.), Literacy for all (pp. 113–133). New York: Guilford.
Reese, D. J. (1988). Effect of training in expository text structure on reading comprehension. (Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Florida, 1988).
Rinehart, S. D., Stahl, S. A., & Erickson, L. G. (1986). Some effects of summarization training on reading and studying. Reading Research Quarterly, 21, 422-438.
Rumelhart, D. E. (1997). Toward an interactive model of reading. In S. Dornic (Ed.) Attention and performance (PP.573-603). Hillsdale, N. J.: Erlbaum.
Russell, G., Lynn, S. F., Joanna, P. W., & Scott, B. (2001). Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies to Students With Learning Disabilities: A Review of Research. Review of Educational Research, 71(2), 279-320.
Smith, F. (1985). Reading without nonsense(2nd ed.). New York: Teachers College Press.
Smith, R. & Johnson, D. (1980). Teaching children to read. Boston: Addison Wesley Publishing.
Speedie, Treffinger, & Feldhusen (1973). Teaching problem-solving skills: development of an instructional model based on human abilities related to efficient problem solving. Paper presented at the Final Report(BR-2-E-051), Office of Education(DHEW), Washington, D.C., Bureau of Research.
Stevens, R. J. (1988). Effects of strategy training on the identification of the main idea of expository passages. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 21-26.
Stewart, O., & Tei, E. (1983). Some implications of metacognition for reading instruction. Journal of reading, 27, 36-43.
Taylor, B. M. (1982). Text structure and children’s comprehension and memory for expository material. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 323-340.
Tonjes, M. J., & Zintz, M. V. (1992). Teaching reading thinking study skills in content classrooms (3rd ed.). Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown Publisher.
van den Broek, P., & Kremer, K. E. (2000). The Mind in Action: What It Means to Comprehension During Reading. In B. M. Taylor, M. F. Graves & P. van den Broek (Eds.), Reading for Meaning: Fostering Comprehension in The Middle Grade (pp. 1-31). NY: Teachers College.
Vacca, J. A. L., Vacca, R. T., Gove, M. K., Burkey, L. C., Lenhart, L.A., & Mckeon, C. A. (2006). Reading and learning to read (6th ed.). Boston, MA.: Allyn & Bacon.
Wang, D. (2009). Factors Affecting the Comprehension of Global and Local Main Idea. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 39 (2), 34-52.
Williams, J. P. (1986). Teaching children to identify the main idea of expository texts. Exceptional Children, 53(2), 163-168.
Williams, J. P. (1988). Identifying main ideas: A basic aspect of reading comprehension. Topics in Language Disorders, 8, 1-13.
Williams, J. P. (2005). Instruction in Reading Comprehension for Primary-Grade Students: A Focus on Text Structure. The Journal of Special Education, 39(1), 6-18.

 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
QR Code
QRCODE