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題名:運用結構方程模式探討高齡學習者社會支持與靈性健康關係之研究:以老化態度為中介變項
作者:陳佳琳
作者(外文):CHEN, CHIA-LIN
校院名稱:國立臺南大學
系所名稱:教育學系教育經營與管理碩博士班
指導教授:張正平
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2018
主題關鍵詞:高齡學習者社會支持老化態度靈性健康elder learnerssocial supportaging attitudesspiritual health
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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全球高齡化的浪潮,人口結構迅速改變,老化指數快速成長,在2018年的今天,臺灣正式邁入「高齡社會」的行列。高齡社會是臺灣未來的社會型態,銀髮人口將成為最有價值的資產,高齡教育是政府應重視的課題,靈性健康是高齡生活的指標。
本研究目的,探究高齡學習者社會支持對靈性健康的影響情形,老化態度對靈性健康的影響情形,老化態度在高齡學習者社會支持與靈性健康之間具部分中介效果。高齡學習者的靈性健康包括對生命意義的體悟、與人締結的交流、超越逆境的自我肯定、透過宗教寄託達到靈性的和諧與健康。社會支持包括感受到情感性的支持、獲得訊息性支持與提供工具性支持。老化態度包括對自身老化的認知、對老化抱持的情緒感受和平日表現出的老化行為。
本研究方法,以臺灣地區中部五縣市樂齡學習中心,55歲以上的高齡學習者為研究對象,採問卷調查方式,共發出800份問卷,計有效問卷為675份,問卷可用率為84.4%,並以結構方程模式進行資料分析。
本研究結果,高齡學習者社會支持和靈性健康呈正相關,老化態度和靈性健康呈正相關,社會支持和老化態度呈正相關。高齡學習者之老化行為、工具性支持、老化認知、老化情感及情感性支持越好,則靈性健康整體表現亦會越佳。高齡學習者社會支持、老化態度與靈性健康理論架構模式,符合多數配適度指標,顯示此理論模式與實證資料配適度良好,可確認三者具有正向之關係,經應用 Bootstrap 的估計技術,研究結果顯示,老化態度在社會支持與靈性健康間為部分中介效果。
研究結論與建議,針對高齡學習者之課程安排,政府部門及實務工作者,後續研究者提出建議。
The demographic structure is changing rapidly as the population is aging. In 2018, Taiwan will officially become one of the aging societies. An elder society is the social form of Taiwan in the future, and senior citizens will be its most valuable asset. Education for elderly people is an issue that the government needs to pay attention to. Also, older people’s spiritual health is an indicator of their quality of life.
The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of social support on spiritual health of elder learners, the influence of aging attitudes on spiritual health and the mediating effect of their aging attitudes on the spiritual health of elder learners. The spiritual health of elder learners includes the comprehension of the meaning of life, communication with people, self-affirmation and spiritual harmony and health through religion. Social support includes feeling emotional support, obtaining informational support and providing practical support. Aging attitudes include the perception of aging, feelings of aging and the physical effects of aging on a daily basis.
The research method used was structural equation modeling to analyze the results of a questionnaire, given to people 55 years or older in senior citizen learning centers in five counties in the central region of Taiwan. A total of 800 questionnaires were issued, and 675 questionnaires were valid. The percentage was 84.4%.
The result of this study showed a positive correlation between elder learners’ social support and spiritual health. The correlation between aging attitudes and spiritual health is positive. Social support and aging attitudes are positively correlated. The better the physical health, practical support, aging awareness and emotional support, the better overall spiritual health. The model of social support, aging attitudes and spiritual health of elder learners accord with the majority of the factors in the fit index. This shows that the theoretical model fits well with the empirical data, and the positive relationship between the three models can be confirmed. After applying the Bootstrap method, the results show that aging attitudes are partly mediated by social support and spiritual health.
Based on the findings above, this study presents specific recommendations for relevant government departments, educational institutions, senior citizens, and future research.
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