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題名:學生革命、國家、與相嵌式霸權體制: 臺灣和泰國的民主化。
作者:韓大德
作者(外文):Dharndhanate Punndhanamahakarune
校院名稱:國立政治大學
系所名稱:亞太研究英語博士學位學程(IDAS)
指導教授:郭承天
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2019
主題關鍵詞:國家學生革命民主化民族塑造臺灣泰國StateStudent RevolutionDemocratizationNation-BuildingTaiwanThailand
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自十九世紀以來,現代民族國家的民族塑造和國家建構進程,其後果不僅是民族國家的出現,而且還有政治制度的出現。換句話說,民族國家的形成造成了兩種政治制度,不是民主制度就是非民主制度。在殖民主義和帝國主義結束後的許多國家,學生和知識分子為民主化做出了貢獻(波蘭,匈牙利,南韓,台灣,印度尼西亞等)。
在國家形成期間,國家通過脅迫和同意征服和保留霸權並塑造政治制度。 這就是為什麼Seymour Martin Lipset(1959)的現代化理論主張「一個國家越富裕,它維持民主的可能性越大」,就無法解釋泰國民主化程度的惡化, 即2006年和2014年的重複軍事政變。因此,我認為只有民主意識形態成功地轉變為國家的「遊戲規則」或「霸權主義的制度」,民主化才會蓬勃發展。 也就是說,「我是國家」(“l’état, c’est moi” - 朕即國家)的威權主義意識形態得到改革, 「機構民主主義者」和「人民成為國家」的觀念(Das Volk als Staat)出現並被制度化為「遊戲規則」。
該研究選擇兩個國家進行比較:台灣和泰國。台灣被選為成功鞏固民主化的代表,即台灣通過「雙翻轉理論」(Huntington 1993),「民主已然成為城裡唯一的遊戲規則」(Linz and Stepan 1996)。 相反的,由於經常發生軍事政變,泰國的民主化惡化了。 在過去,泰國被稱為「微笑之地」。但近年來,由於軍事政變的高統計數據,它應該改為「政變之地」。
本論文啟動了新葛蘭西制度主義,以闡明當泰國的民主化逆轉時台灣正鞏固的民主化過程。本研究認為民主化將因意識形態的改革而成功或失敗,即威權主義只有在專制的霸權機構完全改革並轉變為民主的時候才會被消滅。確切而言,台灣實現了民主化,因為國民黨國家的專制霸權機構已經成功地通過學生革命進行了改革。也就是說,自由,正義,平等和自決的意識形態已經轉變為「社會中的遊戲規則」(North 1990)或霸權機構。相比之下,泰國的學生革命未能挑戰和改革主導的霸權機構。值得注意的是,泰國占主導地位的霸權機構有幫助為軍事政變和官僚制度辯護。
總之,本研究旨在為現代化理論未能解決的成功民主化和失敗的民主化開闢另一種解釋和理論框架。 為了回答這個難題,通過歷史比較分析和歷史定性研究對台灣的鞏固民主化和泰國的民主化進行了比較,檢驗和證實。 研究數據包括檔案,期刊,論文,書籍,新聞,政府資源以及前學生領袖的個人訪談。
The process of the nation-building and state-building of the modern nation-state since the nineteenth century, its consequence is not only the emergence of the nation-state but also the political system. In other words, the formation of the nation-state has affected political system, either democratic or non-democratic regimes. In many countries after the end of colonialism and imperialism, students and intellectuals have made contributions to democratization (Poland, Hungary, South Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, etc.).
During the formation of the nation, State conquers and preserves hegemony and shapes political system through coercion and consent. It is the reason why Modernization Theory, by Seymour Martin Lipset (1959), which affirms that “the more well-to-do a nation, the greater the chances that it will sustain democracy,” fails to explain the deteriorated democratization in Thailand, i.e. repeated military coups in 2006 and 2014. I argue that democratization will flourish only if democratic ideology is successfully reformed and transformed into the “rules of the game” or “Hegemonic Institution” of the State. Namely, the non-democratic ideology of “I am the State” (“l’état, c’est moi”) is reformed and the “Institutional Democrats” and the “People as the State” (Das Volk als Staat) emerge and become the “rules of the game.”
The research selects two countries for comparison: Taiwan and Thailand. Taiwan is selected as the representative of successfully consolidated democratization, i.e. Taiwan passes the “two-turnover test” (Huntington 1993) and “democracy become the only game in town” (Linz and Stepan 1996). On the contrary, the democratization of Thailand has been exacerbated due to periodic military coups. In the past, Thailand has been dubbed the “Land of Smiles.” But in recent years, it should be changed to the “Land of Coups” owing to the high statistics of military coup d’états.
The dissertation initiates the Neo-Gramscian Institutionalism to elucidate the consolidated democratization in Taiwan while doomed democratization in Thailand. It argues that democratization will succeed or founder because of ideological reformation, i.e. authoritarianism will be annihilated only if the authoritarian Hegemonic Institutions have been completely reformed and are transformed into democratic ones. Taiwan, specifically, achieves democratization because the authoritarian hegemonic institutions of the KMT Party-State have successfully been reformed by student revolution. Namely, the ideology of freedom, justice, equality, and self-determination have been transformed into “the rules of the game in a society” (North 1990) or Hegemonic Institutions. Thailand, in contrast, the student revolution fails to challenge and reform the prevailing Hegemonic Institutions since the predominant Hegemonic Institutions of Thailand help to justify military coups and bureaucratic regimes.
In conclusion, the research aims to inaugurates an alternative explanation and theoretical framework of successful democratization and the abortive ones which Modernization Theory fails to resolve. To answer the conundrum, the consolidated democratization of Taiwan and the defeated democratization of Thailand are compared, examined and testified by the Historical Comparative Analysis and the Historical Qualitative Research. The research data encompasses archives, journals, dissertations, books, news, government resources, and personal interviews of the former student leaders.
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Chinese Literature

Chang, Ching-Wen (張清文). 2006. “Lu Xun in Zhong Li-he’s Literature (Chinese: 鍾理和文學裡的「魯迅」) .” (PhD. diss., National Chengchi University).
Chang, Chi-Wen. 2018. “Exploring Changes in High School Rules and Student Disciplinary System from a Historical Institutionalism Perspective (Chinese: 以歷史制度論觀點探究高中校規與學生管教制度之流變).” Master Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University.
Chang, Chun-kai. 2012. “Generation and Era: The Defending Diaoyutai Movement and NTU Student Activism in 1970s Taiwan (Chinese: 世代與時代: 1970年代台大保釣與學生運動).” Master Thesis: National Taiwan University.
Chang, Jung-Chang (張榮彰), and Tsung-Wei (劉從葦) Liu. 2015. “The Political Values of the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan and I-Kuan Tao: Their Origins and Changes (Chinese: 長老教會與一貫道政治觀的形成與變遷).” Taiwan Democracy Quarterly 12 (4): 91-139.
Chang, Yuan-Ting. 2015. “Social Empathy: An Inquiry of the University Students' Experiences in Social Movements (Chinese: 社會性同理: 大學學生參與社會運動經驗之探究).” Master Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University.
Chen (陳述之), Shu-Chih, and Yean-Liang Jiang (江衍良). 2012. “Structure and Evolution of the Chinese Communist Party's Ideology in the Reform Era: From the Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Important Thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development (改革開放時期中共意識形態的結構與演變: 由鄧小平理論,「三個代表」重要思想到科學發展觀的發展觀的發展過程).” Mainland China Studies 55 (3): 1-33. http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=10132716-201209-201212060020-201212060020-1-33.
Chen, Chien-Zong, and Long-Min Huang. 2004. “An Analysis on the Current Situation of “the Boundary between Religion and Schooling” in Elementary and Junior High Schooling (Chinese: 我國國民教育階段「宗教與學校教育分際」現況的評析).” Journal of National Taichung Teachers College 18 (1): 41-60. http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=a0000135-200406-18-1-41-60-a.
Chen, Cui-lian. 2013. “Taishō Democracy and Taiwan Students in Japan (Chinese: 大正民主與臺灣留日學生).” Bulletin of Taiwan Historical Research, NTNU 6 : 53-100. http://www.taih.ntnu.edu.tw/files/archive/75_b8717bf4.pdf.
Chen, Cui-Lian, and Kai-Yang Li . 2018. The Incident of April 6 1949 and National Taiwan University (Chinese: 四六事件與臺灣大學). Taipei: National Taiwan University Press.
Chen, Hung-Shien (陳鴻獻). 2014. “Reconstructing the Armed Forces' Political Warfare in the Early 1950's (Chinese: 1950年代初期國軍政工制度的重建).” The Academia Historica Journal (42): 63–87.
Chen, Liang-Chun. 2009. “The Policy of Taiwan’s Religious Education: With the Illustration of Compulsory Education (Chinese: 台灣宗教教育政策之探討: 以國民教育階段為例).” Journal of World Religions 14 : 179~213. http://libwri.nhu.edu.tw:8081/Ejournal/4082001405.pdf.
Chen, Long-Ting. 2010. “Metaphor and Counter-Discourse: Folk Writing Strategy of Chang Wen-Huan's Fictions in Pacific War (Chinese: 隱喻與對抗論述: 決戰時期張文環的民俗書寫策略).” Bulletin of Taiwanese Literature 16: 53-84.
Chen, Pei-Feng. 2001. “Isawashuji’s Views on Education, Civilization, the “Kokutai,” and Christianity: The Birth of the Japanese Assimilationist Education Program in Taiwan (Chinese: 殖民地臺灣國語「同化」教育的誕生-伊澤修二關於教化、文明與國體的思考) .” New History 12 (1): 115-155 . http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=10232249-200103-201101210053-201101210053-115-155.
Chen, Pei-Feng. 2011. “Nativist Literature, History and Ballads: The Establishment of an Interpretive Community for Taiwan Literature under Colonial Rule (Chinese: 鄉土文學、歷史與歌謠: 重層殖民統治下臺灣文學詮釋共同體的建構).” Taiwan Historical Research 18 (4): 109-164.
Chen, Pei-Jun. 2015. “On Two Taiwan’s Youth Literary Movements of the 1970’s :Sansan and Shenzhou (Chinese: 論七○年代臺灣的兩場青年文學運動: 三三與神州).” Master Thesis, National Chi Nan University.
Chen, Tsui-Lien (陳翠蓮). 2002. “Decolonization vs. Recolonization: The Debate over "T'ai-jen nu-hua" of 1946 in Taiwan (Chinese: 去殖民與再殖民的對抗: 以一九四六年 “臺人奴化” 論戰爲焦點) .” Taiwan Historical Research 9 (2): 145 – 201. http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=10242805-200212-9-2-145-201-a.
Chen, Tsui-Lien (陳翠蓮). 2014. “Political Trial from China: Chen Yi-song, Liu Ming and Bureau of Investigation and Statistics (Chinese:「祖國」的政治試煉:陳逸松、劉明與軍統局).” Taiwan Historical Research 21 (3): 137-180.
Chen, Tsui-Lien (陳翠蓮). December 2013. “Taisho Democracy and Taiwanese Overseas Students in Japan (Chinese: 大正民主與臺灣留日學生).” Bulletin of Taiwan Historical Research, NTNU (Chinese: 師大臺灣史學報) (6): 53-100. http://www.taih.ntnu.edu.tw/files/archive/75_b8717bf4.pdf.
Chen, Tsui-lien (陳翠蓮). 2016. “The Historical Rectification in Postwar Taiwan (1945-1947) (Chinese: 臺灣戰後初期的「歷史清算」, 1945-1947) .” Historical Inquiry (58): 195-248. http://140.112.142.79/publish/pdfs/58/58_05.pdf.
Chen, Tsui-Lien (陳翠蓮). 2006. “Vision and Frustration of Post WWII Taiwanese Intellectuals: The Case of the Yan-Ping College (Chinese: 戰後臺灣菁英的憧憬與頓挫:延平學院創立始末).” Taiwan Historical Research 13 (2): 123–167.
Chen, Tsui-Lien. 2013. “Taisho Democracy and Taiwanese Overseas Students in Japan (Chinese: 大正民主與臺灣留日學生).” Bulletin of Taiwan Historical Research, NTNU (6): 53-100.
Chen, Ying-En. 2016. “The Route of People’s Democracy in Peasant Movement, late 1980s Taiwan: Re-visiting History of Social Movement Association and Taiwan Farmer’s Assembly (Chinese: 八〇年代後期台灣農民運動的人民民主路線:社運工作室與農民聯盟為線索).” Master Thesis, National Chiao Tung University.
Chen, Ying-Hong, and Jason Chien-Chen Chang. 2012. “The Changing Concepts of Nation in Social Studies Textbooks of Taiwan’s Elementary Schools (Chinese: 臺灣小學社會科教科書中國族概念的變動) .” Taiwan Journal of Sociology of Education 12 (1): 119-162. http://www.edubook.com.tw/OAtw/File/PDf/90069.pdf.
Chen, Yi-Shen (陳儀深). 2009. “Hu Shih and the Search for Modem China: Symposium of Commemorating the Ninetieth Anniversary of the May Fourth Movement (Chinese: 一九五○年代的胡適與蔣介石) .” Thought and Words: Journal of the Humanities and Social Science 47 (2): 191-220.
Chen, Yi-shen. 2007. “Peng Ming-min and Overseas Taiwan Independence Movement (1964-1972): A Perspective from the Foreign Ministry’s Archives (Chinese: 彭明敏與海外臺獨運動 (1964-1972): 從外交部檔案看到的面向).” Bulletin of Academia Historica 10 : 189-219.
Chia, Fu-Shiang. 2010. Returning Poetry to the Shi Jing’s Poets: Chinese English Bilingual Essays and Poems (Chinese: 把詩還給詩經:中英雙語散文和詩). Taipei: Shulin Publishing.
Chiang, Tsung-Han (江宗翰). 2011. “Su Beng's Discourse of Taiwan Nation and Understanding of China (史明的台灣人論與中國認識) .” Master Thesis, National Taiwan University.
Chien, Ming-hai (簡明海). 2009. “The May Fourth Consciousness in Taiwan (Chinese: 五四意識在台灣).” Phd. diss., National Chengchi University.
Chien, Su-chen. 2007. “Five Aspects of Enlightenment Thinking in Colonial Taiwan (1895-1945): The Forming of Colonial Modernity in Taiwan and the Thoughts of Chang Shen-chieh as its Landmark (Chinese: 日治時期啟蒙思想的五個面向: 台灣殖民地現代性的建立與張深切思想的指標性意義).” PhD. diss., Fu Jen Catholic University.
Chien, Su-chen. 2007. “The Cultural Blending View of the Taiwanese Intellectuals during Japanese Colonial Period (1895-1945)-from Traditional Intellectuals to the Modern Intellectual, Chang Shen-chieh (Chinese: 日治時期臺灣文人的文化調和觀-從傳統文人到新式知識份子張深切) .” National Central University Journal of Humanities 32: 171-222. http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=19939167-200710-201001280067-201001280067-171-221.
Chiu, Eugene W. (丘為君). 2016. “Revolution and the Imagination of the State: Jiayin Magazine, New Youth Magazine and the May Fourth Enlightenment Movement (Chinese: 革命與國家的想像 ─《甲寅雜誌》、《新青年》與五四啟蒙運動 [1914-1919]).” Bulletin of the Institute of Modern History Academia Sinica (91): 1-46.
Chiu, Eugene W. 2003. Taiwan Student Movement (1949-1979) (Chinese: 台灣學生運動, 1949-1979). Taipei : Tao Hsiang.
Chiu, Pei Hsuan. 2003. “The Writing Origical Native Place of Taiwan's Prose after the War (Chinese: 戰後臺灣散文中的原鄉書寫).” PhD diss., National Kaohsiung Normal University.
Chou, I-Ching (周宜慶). 2008. “The Effect to the Identification between Taiwan and Korea during the Japanese Period, especially focused on the 「Kominka Movement」— and debated how to organize the Ethnicism of Taiwan (Chinese: 日據時代皇民化運動對台灣與韓國身分認同的影響-兼論台灣族群共識的建構).” (Master Thesis, Fu Hsing Kang College, National Defense University).
Chou, Yu-Sun (周玉山). 1999. “The May Fourth Movement: Experiences of Prominent Communists (Chinese: 中共領導人物的「五四」經驗).” Mainland China Studies 42 (4): 9–25.
Deng, Pu-lei (鄧璞磊). 2019. clanism (Chinese: 宗族主義). Taipei : Chinese Encyclopedia Online, Chinese Culture University, 20 April. http://ap6.pccu.edu.tw/Encyclopedia/data.asp?id=288.
Dong, Xian-Xiu. 2014. “Continuation and Transformation of the Concept of “Hsiang-T’u” of Taiwanese Literature in the 1980s (Chinese: 論八零年代台灣文學中「鄉土」概念的延續與轉變).” Master Thesis, National Cheng Kung University.
Fu, Chin-Min. 2012. “War Memories and Cognition: A Study of the Taiwanese War Novel on the Perspective of Generation (Chinese: 戰爭記憶與戰爭認識-世代觀點下的台灣戰爭小說研究).” Master Thesis, National Cheng Kung University . doi:http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh1?DocID=U0026-1002201214253700.
Gao, Kun-Yuan. 2012. “Sinicizing Taiwan Again: Discussion of the Installment after the World War II (Chinese: 臺灣語言與文化的再中國化: 戰後的分期試論) .” Tatung Journal of General Education 8 : 147-168. http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=P20140924004-201207-201409250062-201409250062-147-167.
Gong, Zhong-wu (龔忠武). 1991. “Li Ta-Chao and the May Fourth’s Enlightenment of New Thought (Chinese: 李大釗對五四新思潮的啟蒙) .” Straits Review Monthly (6): 89-95.
He, Jing-Jin (何京津). 2011. “From 'Hsiang-tu' to 'Localization' ─ A Study of the New Generation Nativist Fiction after 90s (Chinese: 從「鄉土」到「在地」─論90年代以降新世代鄉土小說) .” Master Thesis, National Cheng Kung University.
He, Rong-xing. 2014. Student Movement's Generations: Since Wild Lily to Sun Flower (Chinese: 學運世代: 從野百合到太陽花). Taipei : Times Culture Publishing.
Ho, I-Lin (何義麟). 2012. “Left-Wing Views and Political Sentiments of Taiwanese Students in Immediate Post-War Japan (Chinese: 戰後初期臺灣留日學生的左傾言論及其動向).” Taiwan Historical Research 19 (2): 151-192.
Hou, Kun-Hung (侯坤宏). 2011. “Interaction and Reciprocity (1945-2011): World War II Taiwan, 'Chinese Buddhism,' History of the Bureau Launched Its New Transformation in the Ground (Chinese: 互動與互惠(1945-2011)二戰後台灣「漢傳佛教」歷史的新局開展及其在地轉型問題).” Journal of Northern Taiwan Institute of Science and Technology (7): 31–87.
Hou, Kun-hung. 2007. “White Terror in Postwar Taiwan (Chinese: 戰後臺灣白色恐怖論析) .” Bulletin of Academia Historica 12 : 139-203 . http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=17267331-200706-201002260086-201002260086-139-203.
Hsiao, Ya-Tan (蕭亞譚). 2007. “The Analysis of Sun Wen’s National Discourse (Chinese: 孫文的民族論述分析) .” Journal of Social Sciences 15 (1): 121–136. http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=10255249-200706-15-1-121-136-a.
Hsiau, A-chin (蕭阿勤). 2005. “Generational Identity and Historical Narrative: The Emergence ofthe 'Back-to-Reality' Generation in 1970s Taiwan (Chinese: 世代認同與歷史敘事:台灣一九七○年代「回歸現實」世代的形成).” Taiwanese Sociology (9): 1-58.
Hsiau, A-Chin (蕭阿勤). 2002. “Nationalizing Collective Memory in 1970s Taiwan: The Postwar Generation and Its ‘Rediscovery’ of Taiwanese Colonial Literature as Anti-Japanese Resistance (Chinese: 抗日集體記憶的民族化:臺灣一九七○年代的戰後世代與日據時期臺灣新文學).” Taiwan Historical Research 9 (1): 181–239.
Hsiau, A-Chin. 2005. “Generational Identity and Historical Narrative: The Emergence of the 'Back-to-Reality' Generation in 1970s Taiwan (Chinese: 世代認同與歷史敘事: 台灣一九七○年代「回歸現實」世代的形成).” Taiwanese Sociology 9: 1-58. http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=P20161123001-200506-201611280044-201611280044-1-58.
Hsiau, A-chin. 2005. “'Indigenization' (bentuhua) of Taiwanese Literature: Historical Narrative, Strategic Essentialism and State Power (Chinese: 台灣文學的本土化典範:歷史敘事、策略的本質主義與國家權力).” Router: A Journal of Cultural Studies 1: 97-129 . doi:http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=18160514-200509-x-1-97-129-a.
Hsiau, A-chin. 2017. “Remember Diaoyutai Islands: Territorial Dispute, Nationalism, and Generational Memory of Nostalgic Intellectuals in Taiwan (Chinese: 記住釣魚台: 領土爭端, 民族主義, 知識分子與懷舊的世代記憶).” Taiwan Historical Research 24 (3): 141-208. doi:https://www.ios.sinica.edu.tw/ios/people/personal/hac/蕭阿勤(2017)記住釣魚台.pdf.
Hsiu-Sheng Chang. 2014. “The Essence of Taiwanese Native Consciousness: From the Native Literature Debates to Folklore Taiwan (Chinese: 1940年代臺灣「鄉土意識」的底端--從「鄉土文學論爭」到『民俗臺灣』的討論) .” Taiwan International Studies Quarterly (Chinese: 台灣國際研究季刊) 10 (3): 45-74. http://www.tisanet.org/quarterly/10-3-3.pdf.
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Hu, Ju-Han. 2005. “1945-1952 Years of Secondary School Education in Initial Stage after the War of Chen Hua Taiwan (Chinese: 臺灣戰後初期的中學教育, 1945-1952年).” Master Thesis, National Tsing Hua University.
Huang, Chen (黃城), and Wei-Chieh (陳偉杰) Chen. 2013. “The Relationship between Confucianism and Democracy in the Context of Taiwan's Democratization: Retrospect and Prospect (Chinese: 儒學與民主:臺灣民主化脈絡下的回顧與前瞻) .” Monthly Review of Philosophy and Culture 40 (9): 89–112.
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Wakabayashi, Masahiro (若林正丈). 2010. “Determination to Write History for the Taiwanese: Writing Activities of Ye Jung-chong in His Later Years (Chinese: 葉榮鐘的「述史」之志:晚年書寫活動試論) .” Taiwan Historical Research 17 (4): 81–112.
Wang, David Der-Wei (王德威). 2012. “From Grief to Blessing: A Testimony of the White Terror (Chinese: 從吞恨到感恩:見證白色恐怖) .” Chung Cheng Chinese Studies (19): 1-12. http://litera.ccu.edu.tw/journal/article/19_01.pdf.
Wang, En-Mei (王恩美). 2010. “Anti-Communism in School Education during the Cold War Period: An Analysis Based on Taiwanese and Korean Elementary School Textbooks” (Chinese: 冷戰時期學校教育中的反共形象:以臺灣與韓國兩地小學教科書為中心的分析) .” Thought and Words: Journal of the Humanities and Social Science 48 (2): 49 –117.
Wang, Ji-Peng (王吉鹏), and Shen-Hao Yuan (袁慎浩). 2009. “The Research of Lu Xun and the Renaissance in the Spreading of the New Culture (Chinese: 新文化传播视域下的鲁迅与《新潮》研究) .” Journal of Changzhi University 26 (2): 28–31.
Wang, Jiu-Ru (王九如). 2017. “(A Letter) In the old Days of Yin Hai-kuang, How he sees today Taiwan? (Chinese: 【投書】昔日的殷海光,要怎麼看今日台灣?).” CommonWealth Magazine, 7 April: Independent Opinion. https://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/52/article/5518.
Wang, Qisheng; "Jiang Yongjing, ‘Jiang Jieshi, Mao Zedong’s Talk and Decisive Battle’; Jin Chongji, ‘The Turning Age – China’s 1947’; Jin Chongji, ‘Decisive Battle - How Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek deal with the three big Military Battle Campaigns’,”. 2015. “ (Chinese: 蔣永敬,《蔣介石、毛澤東的談打與決戰》/金冲及,《轉折年代—中國的1947年》/金冲及,《決戰—毛澤東、蔣介石是如何應對三大戰役的》) .” Bulletin of the Institute of Modern History Academia Sinica (90): 185-194.
Wang, Wan-rui. 2005. “Differences and Identity under the Colonial Rules:Native Subjectivity as the writing Strategy of Chang Wen-Huan and Zhong li-he (Chinese: 殖民統治與差異認同─張文環與鍾理和鄉土主體的承繼).” Master Thesis, National Cheng Kung University.
Wang, Xue-dian, and Yang-mei Li. 2003. “The Ancient Chinese History Created Layer Upon Layer-An Intellectual Proposition with Universal Significance (Chines: “層累地造成的中國古史”: 一個帶有普遍意義的知識論命題).” Journal of Historical Science (史學月刊) 11 : 101-108 . http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=sxyk200311017.
Wang, Yuan-Yi (王遠義). 2001. “Li Ta-chao and the Rise of Marxism in China (Chinese: 李大釗到馬克思主義之路) .” Journal of Social Sciences and Philosophy 13 (4): 477-513.
Wu, Nai-The (吳乃德). 2008. “Writing Trauma of the Nation: Remembering History of the 228 Incident (Chinese: 書寫「民族」創傷:二二八事件的歷史記憶).” Thought Monthly Magazine (8): 39-70. http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=a0000477-200803-x-8-39-70-a.
Wu, Tai-hao (吳泰豪. 2009. “The Research on Political Position of the Intellectual Magazine, focusing on 1971-1973 (Chinese: 《大學雜誌》政治主張之研究-以1971年至1973年為中心).” Master Thesis, National Taiwan University.
Yan, Shan-nong (晏山農). 30 July 2018. “Student did not obey 10: the Breakthrough Period of Studement Movement, Factional Development cannot be successfully integrated” (Chinese: 學生不服從10: 學運突破期 派系化發展無法成功整合).” The New Talk. https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2018-07-30/132.
Yang, Hsiu-Chin (楊秀菁). 2014. “Evaluating the Ten Years' Sentence to Imprisonment Passed by the KMT: The Lei Chen's Case and Freedom of Speech in Taiwan (Chinese: 權衡下的10年罪責:雷震案與1950年代的言論自由問題).” Bulletin of Academia Historica (40): 103–138.
Yang, Meng-chu (楊孟珠). 2015. “Mythology, History, and Religion: Discourse on Cultural Context in ‘Isolation of Heaven and Earth’ (Chinese: 神話、歷史與宗教─「絕地天通」文化語境的探討).” Phd. diss., National Chung Hsing University.
Yang, Shiao-chi. 2002. “Hsiang-t’u Wen-hsüeh Lun-chan (Nativist Literary Debate) and The Changes of Literature Field in 70’s (Chinese: 七○年代鄉土文學論戰暨文學場域的變遷).” Master Thesis; National Chi Nan University.
Yang, Tian-shi (楊天石). 2017. “Chiang Kai-shek’s Ideological Change and Innovation Programmes in the Taiwan Period (Chinese: 台灣時期蔣介石的思想變化及其「革新」實踐) .” Twenty-First Century (162): 30-46. http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/media/articles/c162-201706021.pdf.
Yang, Tianshi. 2017. “The Ideological Change and the ‘Innovational’ Practice of Chiang Kai-shek in Taiwan Period (Chinese: 台灣時期蔣介石的思想變化及其「革新」實踐).” The Twenty-First Century 162: 30-46. http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/media/articles/c162-201706021.pdf.
Yasutaka, Takehisa (武久康高). 2008. “Overcoming ‘the Measure’: The Imperial Subject Literature and Sakaguchi Reiko's ‘To Shusen’ and ‘the Te Family’ (Chinese: 超越“尺度”的方法-“皇民文學”與坂口(衤零)子的〈杜秋泉〉、〈鄭一家〉).” Bulletin of Taiwanese Literature (12): 27-44.
Yeh, Chuan-rui (葉川睿). 2011. “Development of Kuomintang’s Overseas Movements (1950-1962) (Chinese: 中國國民黨海外黨務發展, 1950-1962) .” (Master Thesis, National Chi Nan University). http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh1?DocID=U0020-0806201.
Yen, Feng-pin (顏鳳蘋). 2007. “An Insight into the 228 Incident and the 1947 Taiwan Society from the Appliance of the Historical Resource of “The Burial of the Unrighted Dead in 1947 (Chinese: 從《埋冤1947埋冤》史料應用看二二八事件與當時的台灣社會) .” Master Thesis, National Sun Yat-sen University.
Yu, Keh-Chiang (尤克強). 1999. How to Rebuild People's Research on Government Confidence - Status, Causes and Suggestions for Action (Chinese: 如何重建人民對政府信心之研究-狀況、原因與行動建議). Taipei: Research, Development and Evaluation Commission, Executive Yuan.
Yuan, Zhong-Ren (阮忠仁). 2009. The Aspiration of Chiayi County, Volume 2, History Aspiration (Chinese: 嘉義縣志.卷二.沿革志) . Chiayi County, Taiwan: Chiayi County Government.
Yun, Fan. 1993. The Self-Pursuing of the New Generations (Chinese: 新生代的自我追尋). Taipei : Avant-garde.
Zarrow, Peter (沙培德). 2012. “Democratic Thought and Vanguardism: Sun Yat-sen’s Political Views in the Republican Period (Chinese: 民權思想與先鋒主義:民國時期孫中山的政治主張) .” Bulletin of the Institute of Modern History Academia Sinica 78: 1-28.
Zhang, Jing-Hua (張京華). 2007. “Three Directions in Research on Ancient History: Based on Interpretations by Modern Scholars of the Phrase ‘Juedi Tiantong’ (Chinese: 古史研究的三條途徑-以現代學者對「絕地天通」─語的闡釋為中心).” Newsletter for Research in Chinese Studies 26 (2): 1-10.
Zhang, Jin-Hua (張京華). 2006. “Meaning of the Name Discussion on Ancient History (Chinese:《古史辨》辨名).” Journal Of Yunmeng 27 (1): 17 – 21.
Zhang, Yue (張越). 2008. “Differentiation and Analysis of ‘A Debate and Discussion of Ancient History’ and ‘School of Doubting Ancient History’ (Chinese:《古史辨》與 “古史辨派” 辨析) .” Academic Research (2): 111–115.
Zhang, Zhong-dong, Yong-chi Li, and Zheng-hong Lin. 1999. The May Fourth and Student Movement (Chinese: 五四與學生運動). Taipei : Tang Shan.
Zheng, Cheng-jun (鄭丞鈞). 2005. “Japanese Colonial Rule on Taiwan (Chinese: 日本在台灣的殖民統治).” In A History of Taiwan in Comics: The-Japanese Era (I): The Backyard of Japan’s Capitalists (Chinese: 認識台灣歷史 (7) 日本時代 (上):日本資本家的天堂), translated by Peter Hillman (何仁傑). Taipei: Third Nature Publishing.
Zheng, Hong-Sheng (鄭鴻生). 2001. “Ballads of Youth: The Left-wing Students' Struggle in the Early 1970s (Chinese: 青春之歌-追憶1970年代臺灣左翼青年的一段如火年華).” Taiwan: A Radical Quarterly in Social Studies (台灣社會研究季刊) (41): 129-204.
Zhu, Jianling (朱建陵). 2017. “Beijing competes Taiwan for the ‘228 Historical View’ (Chinese: 北京競爭台灣「二二八」史觀).” CommonWealth Magazine (天下雜誌). Taipei, 4 March. https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5081237.























Thai Literature

Bamrungsuk, Surachart. 2000. The Military and Thai Politics in the next Century: Development and Changes (Thai: ทหารกับการเมืองไทยในศตวรรษหน้า) . Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press.
Banomyong, Pridi. 1999. The People’s Party and the Democratic Revolution on 24 June (Thai: คณะราษฎรกับการอภิวัฒน์ประชาธิปไตย 24 มิถุนายน). Bangkok: Pridi Banomyong Institute.
Boontanondha, Thep. 2017. “The Jews of the Orient: The History of the Relationship between King Vajiravudh and Overseas Chinese (Thai: พวกยิวแห่งบูรพาทิศ: ประวัติศาสตร์ว่าด้วยความสัมพันธ์ ระหว่างพระบาทสมเด็จพระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว กับชาวจีนโพ้นทะเล) .” Humanities Journal 24 (1): 55-79. https://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/abc/article/view/89914.
Bunnag, Piyanat. 2010. Modern Thai History: From the Bowring Treaty to ‘the 14 October Incident’ of 1973 (Thai: ประวัติศาสตร์ไทยสมัยใหม่ (ตั้งแต่การทำสนธิสัญญาบาวริง ถึง “เหตุการณ์ 14 ตุลาคม” พ.ศ. 2516). Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press.
Chaiching, Nattapoll. 2009. “Thai Politics in Phibun’s Government under the U.S. World Order (1948-1957) (Thai: การเมืองไทยสมัยรัฐบาลจอมพล ป.พิบูลสงคราม ภายใต้ระเบียบโลกของสหรัฐอเมริกา, พ.ศ.2491-2500).” PhD diss., Chulalongkorn University.
Chaiching, Nattapoll. n.d. “The Coup 1947 (Thai: “รัฐประหาร พ.ศ. 2490).” King Prajadhipok’s Institute. http://wiki.kpi.ac.th/index.php?title=รัฐประหาร_พ.ศ._2490.
Charoonroj, Wanwipha. 1977. “The Political Ideas of King Rama VII: A Historical Analysis (Thai: แนวพระราชดำริทางการเมืองของพระบาทสมเด็จพระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว: การวิเคราะห์เชิงประวัติศาสตร์).” Master Thesis, Chulalongkorn University.
Choungsakul, Srisupon. 1987. “Change within the Sangha: A Case Study of Dhammayuttikanikaya (1825-1921) (Thai: ความเปลี่ยนแปลงของคณะสงฆ์: ศึกษากรณีธรรมยุติกนิกาย พ.ศ. 2368 - พ.ศ. 2464) .” Master Thesis, Chulalongkorn University.
Chutintaranond, Sunait. 2013. The Burma Fought Thai: The Wars between Thai and Burma (Thai: พม่ารบไทย: ว่าด้วยการสงครามระหว่างไทยกับพม่า). 12. Bangkok: Matichon.
Committee of Mahidol Historical Almanac for Democracy. 2004. “Mahidol Historical Almanac for Democracy: Phase II (1976-1983) (Thai: ปูมประวัติศาสตร์มหิดลเพื่อประชาธิปไตย, พ.ศ. 2516-2526).” Health Systems Research Institute (HSRI). http://kb.hsri.or.th/dspace/handle/11228/2075.
Domjun, Jiraporn. 2017. “Transition without Consolidation: The Failure of Democratization in Thailand (Thai: การเปลี่ยนผ่านเป็นประชาธิปไตยที่ไม่ตั้งมั่น: ความล้มเหลวของการทำให้เป็นประชาธิปไตยในประเทศไทย).” (Ph.D. diss., Chulalongkorn University). http://cuir.car.chula.ac.th/handle/123456789/58110.
Doungkaew, Nattapong. 2016. “A Study of "Neo-Kruba Movement in Northen Thailand, 2530s-2550s (Thai: การศึกษากระแส “ครูบาคติใหม่” ในภาคเหนือของไทย พุทธทศวรรษ 2530-2550).” Master Thesis, Thammasat University. http://ethesisarchive.library.tu.ac.th/thesis/2016/TU_2016_5606030137_6855_5135.pdf.
Eoseewong, Nidhi. 2011. “Nationalism and Ethno-nationalism (Thai: ชาตินิยมกับชาติพันธุ์นิยม).” Matichon Weekly 30. https://prachatai.com/journal/2013/08/48139.
Eoseewong, Nidhi. 17-23 August 2018. “Nidhi Eoseewong: The Complex of the Defeat of Ayutthaya (Thai: นิธิ เอียวศรีวงศ์: ปมเสียกรุง).” Matichon Weekly. https://www.matichonweekly.com/column/article_127816.
Eoseewong, Nidhi. 2011. “Spirits’ Religion, Again (Thai: “ศาสนาผีอีกที”).” Matichon Weekly 32 (1628): 28.
—. 2016. The Thai Politics in the Era of King of Krung Thonburi (Thai: การเมืองไทยสมัยพระเจ้ากรุงธนบุรี). 12. Bangkok: Matichon.
Izumi, Prattana Sanrit. 1999. “The Ethical Consciousness in the Modern Thai State in Chaophraya Thammasakmontri’s Textbooks (Thai: สำนึกทางจริยธรรมในรัฐไทยสมัยใหม่ วิเคราะห์จากแบบเรียนของเจ้าพระยาธรรมศักดิ์มนตรี).” Master of Arts in Ethical Studies, Mahidol University.
Kaysabutra, Prasnee. 2012. “Citizen’s Literacy Campaign in the Regime of Field Marshal P. Pibulsonggram from 1940–1944 A.D. (Thai: การรณรงค์ให้พลเมืองรู้หนังสือของรัฐบาลจอมพล ป. พิบูลสงคราม ในช่วง พ.ศ. 2483-2487).” Ramkhamhaeng University Journal of Humanities Edition 31 (1): 140-159. https://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/huru/article/view/25646.
Khamyod, Sunthorn. 2016. “The Construction of “Lannaness” in Literature of Northern Thai Writers (Thai: การสร้าง “ความเป็นล้านนา” ในวรรณกรรมของนักเขียนภาคเหนือ) .” Thammasat Journal 35 (3 ): 43-60.
Khrouthongkhieo, Nuaon. 2016. The Plan Disclosure of the 'Lanna' Seizure: The Attempt of Siam to annex Lanna to be a Part of the Kingdom (เปิดแผนยึดล้านนา: ความพยายามของสยาม ในการผนวกล้านนาให้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของราชอาณาจักร). 2. Bangkok: Matichon.
Khrouthongkhieo, Nuaon, and Julispong Chularatana. 2014. “The Siamese State and Lanna, 1874-1933 (Thai: รัฐสยามกับล้านนา พ.ศ. 2417-2476).” Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 6 (11): 63-77. http://ejournals.swu.ac.th/index.php/swurd/article/viewFile/4573/4419.
Kongkirati, Prajak. 2002. Towards Oct 14th Uprising: The Cultural Politics of Student and Intellectual Movements under Military Dictatorship in Thailand (B.E. 2506-2516)” (Thai: “ก่อนจะถึง ๑๔ ตุลาฯ: ความเคลื่อนไหวทางการเมืองวัฒนธรรมของนักศึกษาและปัญญชาภายใต้ระบอบ). Master Thesis: Thammasat University.
—. 5 July 2004. “The 24 June in the 14 October Movement: Politics and Power of the History (Thai: “24 มิถุนาในขบวนการ 14 ตุลา: การเมืองและอำนาจของประวัติศาสตร์).” In Seminar on History of 72 Years of the 24 June (Thai: "ประวัติศาสตร์เสวนา 72 ปี 24 มิถุนาฯ”). Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University.
Laomanacharoen, Siripot. 2017. “God Narayana at India does not hold Trident, why Thai Craftsmen put Trident in the God Narayana’s Hand? (Thai: “พระนารายณ์ที่อินเดียไม่ได้ทรงตรี แล้วทำไมช่างไทยจึงเอาตรียัดใส่มือพระนารายณ์?”).” Matichon Weekly. https://www.matichonweekly.com/culture/article_23469.
Lotrakul, Supreeda. 1986. “An Analysis of the Development of Thai Student Movement" (Thai: “การวิเคราะห์พัฒนาการขบวนการนิสิตนักศึกษา”). Master Thesis: Chulalongkotn University .
Mead, Kullada Kesboonchoo. 2009. The Political Conflicts of Thailand…The Domestic Dynamics should be overlooked (Thai: ความขัดแย้งทางการเมืองของไทย...ข้ามไปให้พ้นพลวัตภายใน). Bangkok: 14th October Foundation.
Meepien, Chularat. 2006. “Field Marshal P. Phibunsongkhram’s Nation-Building Policy and its Impact on Muslim Identity in Southern Thailand (1939-1944) (Thai: นโยบายสร้างชาติในสมัยจอมพล ป. พิบูลสงคราม และผลกระทบต่ออัตลักษณ์ของชาวมุสลิมในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้ ค.ศ.1939-1944).” Master Thesis, Chulalongkorn University.
Mektrairat, Nakharin. 1992. The Siamese Revolution of 1932 (Thai: การปฏิวัติสยาม พ.ศ.2475). Bangkok: The Foundation for the Promotion of Social Sciences and Humanities Textbooks Project.
Pakinai Chomsinsubmun, “Student Movements in Thailand: The Analysis of Urban Student Movements from 6 October 1976 to 1988,” (Master thesis, Chulalongkorn University, 2011. 2011. "Student Movements in Thailand: The Analysis of Urban Student Movements from 6 October 1976 to 1988” (Thai: “ขบวนการนักศึกษาไทย: วิเคราะห์ความเคลื่อนไหวของขบวนการนักศึกษาไทยในเมืองช่วงระหว่าง 6 ตุลาคม พ.ศ.2519 ถึงปี พ.ศ.2531”). Master Thesis: Chulalongkorn University.
Phaithayawat, Yaninie. 2010. “A Study of the Discourses of Thai Slavery (Thai: การศึกษาวาทกรรมเรื่องทาสไทย) .” Master Thesis, Chulalongkorn University.
Phunyura, Sumalee. n.d. “The Revolutionary Party (Thai: “คณะปฏิวัติ”).” King Prajadhipok's Institute. http://wiki.kpi.ac.th/index.php?title=คณะปฏิวัติ.
Phupha, Phloeng. 2014. The Rebel shakes the Land (Thai: กบฏสะท้านแผ่นดิน) . Bangkok: Amarin Book Publishing.
Phutthamat, Siri. 1986. “Political and Educational Thoughts and Educational Roles of Chaophraya Thammasakmontri (Sanan Thephatsadin Na Ayudhya) [Thai: แนวความคิดทางด้านการเมืองและการศึกษา กับบทบาททางการศึกษาของเจ้าพระยาธรรมศักดิ์มนตรี (สนั่น เทพหัสดิน ณ อยุธยา)].” Master Thesis, Chulalongkorn University.
Prasertkul, Seksan. 2014. “Democratic Spirituality and Human Dignity (Thai: จิตวิญญาณประชาธิปไตยกับศักดิ์ศรีความเป็นมนุษย์).” In The Dream of October: A Collection of Speech in the Occasion of “40 years 14 October” (Thai: ความฝันเดือนตุลา รวมปาฐกถาในวาระ 40 ปี 14 ตุลาคม), by Seksan Prasertkul. Bangkok: Samanchon.
—. 1974. Side with the People (Thai: เอียงข้างประชาชน). Bangkok: Moonlight Book Club.
—. 2014. The Dream of Month October: A Collection of Speech in the Occasion of “40 years 14 October" (Thai: ความฝันเดือนตุลา รวมปาฐกถาในวาระ '40 ปี 14 ตุลาคม). Bangkok: Samanchon.
Pungkanon, Kupluthai. 2009. “Indoctrinated Democratic Ideology in High School Social Subject Textbook (Thai: การปลูกฝังอุดมการณ์ประชาธิปไตย ศึกษาผ่านหนังสือเรียนสังคมศึกษาระดับมัธยมศึกษาตอนปลาย).” (Master Thesis, Chulalongkorn University). http://cuir.car.chula.ac.th/handle/123456789/16984.
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Samutwanit, Chaisiri. 1981. Thai Political Literature: 14 October 1973–6 October 1976: Roots, Origins, Growth and Development (Thai: วรรณกรรมการเมืองไทย 14 ตุลาคม 2516-6 ตุลาคม 2519: รากเหง้า, การก่อเกิด, การเติบโตและพัฒนาการ) . Bangkok: Sang San.
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Thanyaseth, Chantana. 1987. “Thai Student Movement and Democratic Development (Thai: ขบวนการนักศึกษาไทยกับการพัฒนาประชาธิปไตย).” (Master Thesis; Chulalongkorn University). http://cuir.car.chula.ac.th/handle/123456789/35186.
The National Archives of Thailand. 11 October 1973. “naksueksa song tuathaen cheracha kap prapass, thuk sathaban phanuek kamlang poemkhuen 5 muen khon [Students send representatives to negotiate with Prapass, all institutions joined together with the increase of 50,000 people].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/16: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [The unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 22 December 1974. “naksueksa wichai nangsuephim 14 chabap ‘mai di kueap thangnang’” [students research 14 newspapers, “most are not good”].” In Kor/Por 7/2517/15: “nak sueksa lae Klumphalang tangtang” [Students and other Groups of Forces]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 8 October 1973. “rabu bangkhon khoei pai chindaeng cha chap phuruam pruettikan ik” [indicating that someone ever visit Communist China, would arrest the team members again].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/16: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [The unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident]. Bangkok: Chaothai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 16 November 1973. “wan cha koenhet khuantham thang thi thuk [afraid of beyond limits, should do the right ways].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/10: “naksueksa lae klumphalang tangtang” [Students and other Forces].Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 22 October 1976. “chat sadaeng hetkan 6 tula nam awut hai du thi sanam chai [The 6 October incident exhibited and weapons displayed at Sanam Chai].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/9, Folder 2: “korani hetkan 6 tula 2519” [The case of 6 October 1976 incident]. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 14 August 1975. “nuea tai ok tok [North, South, East, West], by “Nai Kanghan”.” In Kor/Por 7/2518/20: “naksueksa lae klumphalang” [Students and Power bloc]. Bangkok: Daily News .
The National Archives of Thailand. 30 January 1973. “sangsop bueanglang naksueksa khap athikanbodi khon khaen riaktua so phimon khaoma raingan [investigating students’ background expelling the rector of Khon Khaen University, calling professor Phimon to report urgently].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/10: “naksueksa lae klumphalang tangtang” [Students and other Forces]. Bangkok: Chaothai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 7 July 1974. “yaengki…kohom [the Yankee…go home], in "Lom tawanok [The East Wind]," by Siwa Ronnachit.” In Kor/Por 7/2517/15: nak sueksa lae klum phalang tangtang [Students and other Groups of Forces]. Bangkok: Daily News .
The National Archives of Thailand. 3 December 1972. “yud korn…yipun: anusonthi ma chak kantotan sinkha yipun [Stop first…Japan: due to the anti-Japanese products].” by Likhit Anuthin. In Kor/Por 7/2515/17 Folder 1: “nisit lae naksueksa: karnronnarong totan sinkha yipun lae karnsongsoen hai chai sinkha thai,” [students: campaign against Japanese commodities and promotion of using Thai products], Bangkok: Daily News .
The National Archives of Thailand. 7 October 1973. “bukkhon chak thuk achip khaochue sanoe ratthaban poed oprom ratthathammanun samrap prachachon [individuals from all walks of life singed a petition asking government to open constitution class for the people].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/16: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [The unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident]. Bangkok: Chaothai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 7 October 1973. “bukkhon chak thuk achip khaochue sanoe ratthaban poed oprom ratthathammanun samrap prachachon [Individuals from all walks of life singed a petition asking government to open constitution class for the people].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/16: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [the unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident]. Bangkok: Chaothai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 7 October 1973. “bukkhon chak thuk achip khaochue sanoe ratthaban poed oprom ratthathammanun samrap prachachon [Individuals from all walks of life singed a petition asking government to open constitution class for the people].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/16: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [The unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident]. Bangkok: Chaothai .
The National Archives of Thailand. 3 February 1974. “chaoban radap klang roem langle korani nisit naksueksa poei phrae prachatippatai [the middle class starts to hesitate, the case of students propagate democracy].” In Kor/Por 7/2517/15: “nak sueksa lae klum phalang tangtang” [Students and other Groups of Forces]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 10 October 1974. “choen wirachon thi yang mi chivit yu ma ruam hai samphat [Invite the surviving heroes to join the interviews].” In Kor/Por 7/2517/21, Folder 1: “korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [the case of 14 October 1973 incident]. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 10 October 1974. “choen wirachon thi yang mi chivit yu ma ruam hai samphat [Invite the surviving Heroes to join the interviews] .” In Kor/Por 7/2517/21, Folder 1: “korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [the case of 14 October 1973 incident]. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 7 October 1973. “ekkasan tong ham [The prohibited documents].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/16: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [the unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident].Bangkok: Siam Rat .
The National Archives of Thailand. 21 June 1973. “hetkan runraeng khana chaek baiplio tona tamruat, chomphon praphat sang tamruat triamphrom [violent situations during giving out leaflets in front of the police, Field Marshal Prapass orders the police preparing].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/14: “naksueksa lae klumphalang tangtang” [Students and other Forces], 1, 16. Bangkok: Thai Rat .
The National Archives of Thailand. 16 February 1975. “ik kao nueng khon khabuankan patiwat watthanatham thai [One more step of the Thai Cultural Revolutionary Movement].” In Kor/Por 7/2518/20 Folder 1: “naksueksa lae klumphalang” [Students and Power bloc]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 29 September 1974. “khamtham thi ha khamtop [the question seeks for answer] in Special Documentary News on Sunday, by Kasem Bansuan.” In Kor/Por 7/2517/15: “nak sueksa lae klum phalang tangtang” [Students and other Groups of Forces]. Bangkok: Daily New .
The National Archives of Thailand. 8 March 1973. “khana nitisat chula chat khrongkan sun naenam kotmai khlueanthi chuailuea ratsadon [Faculty of Law, Chulalongkorn University organized project of the mobile advising law center to help people].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/9: “naksueksa lae klumphalang tangtang” [Students and other Forces]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 18 February 1975. “khian mang khui mang” [Writing and Talking], by Samniang Khanthachawana. In Kor/Por 7/2518/20 Folder 1: “naksueksa lae klumphalang” [Students and Power bloc]. Bangkok: Siam Rat .
The National Archives of Thailand. 18 February 1975. “khian mang khui mang” [Writing and Talking], in “Samniang Khanthachawana”.” In Kor/Por 7/2518/20 Folder 1: “naksueksa lae klumphalang” [Students and Power bloc].Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 9 October 1976. “khon 3 mahawitthayalai yan sonoto ko chanuan nonglueat yot kabot 3,074” [Searching 3 Universities, confirming NSCT causes bloodbath, the total number of rebel is 3,074].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/9, Folder 1: “korani hetkan 6 tula 2519” [The case of 6 October 1976 incident]. Bangkok: Daily News .
The National Archives of Thailand. 22 June 1973. “khoromo poed prachum duan thalaengkan wa mi mue this am saek” [the Cabinet held a meeting urgently and announced that there was a third hand intervening].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/14: “naksueksa lae klumphalang tangtang” [Students and other Forces].Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 22 June 1976. “kitthiwuttho hai thatsana wa kha khomionit ‘daibun’” [Kitthiwuttho gives opinion that killing communists ‘gain merit’].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/8: “bot bat thangkanmueang khong phra kittiwutthophikkhu phuamnuaikan chittaphawan witthayalai” [the Political Role of monk Kitthiwutho Bhikkhu, the director of Chittapawan College]. Bangkok: Prachathippatai .
The National Archives of Thailand. 27 January 1976. “Kitthiwuttho phut thi chiangmai 4 mesa wun” [Kitthiwuttho speaks at Chiang Mai on 4 April, causing chaos].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/8: “bot bat thang kanmueang khong phra kittiwutthophikkhu phu-am-nuai-kan chitta-phawan witthayalai” [the Political Role of monk Kitthiwutho Bhikkhu, the director of Chittapawan College]. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 21 September 1976. “kittiwuttho phikkhu wa khrai “totan” phra khue khommionit” [Kittiwuttho Bhikkhu said who is anti-monks, is a communist].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/8: “bot bat thang kanmueang khong phra kittiwutthophikkhu phu-am-nuai-kan chittaphawan witthayalai” [the Political Role of monk Kitthiwutho Bhikkhu, the director of Chittapawan College]. Bangkok: Prachachat .
The National Archives of Thailand. 24 March 1976. “kriangkamon hai chap kratingdaeng, ratthaban tang nuai phiset rapmue” [Kriangkamon calls police for arrest of the Red Gaur, government establishes “special agency” to cope with].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/15: “bot bat lae phruettikam khong so no to” [The role and behavior of NSCT], 1,3. Bangkok: Daily Times.
The National Archives of Thailand. 7 October 1976. “kwat chap naksueksa ‘kabot,’ minister praman yuen khamkhat hai plot 3 ratthamontri” [Arrests rebel students, Minister Praman gives the last word to depose 3 ministers ungently].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/1, Folder 13: “korani kanklapkhao prathet khong chomphon thanom” [the case of the return to Thailand of Field Marshal Thanom]. Bangkok, BKK: Thai Rat .
The National Archives of Thailand. 7 October 1976. “kwat chap naksueksa ‘kabot’” [Arrest students as ‘rebel’].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/1, Folder 13: “korani kanklap khao prathet khong chomphon thanom” [the case of the return to Thailand of Field Marshal Thanom]. Bangkok: Thai Rat .
The National Archives of Thailand. 28 June 1976. “lom tawan ok” [The East Wind], by Siwa Ronnachit.” In Kor/Por 7/2519/8: “bot bat thangkanmueang khong phra kittiwutthophikkhu phuamnuaikan chittaphawan witthayalai” [the Political Role of monk Kitthiwutho Bhikkhu, the director of Chittapawan College]. Bangkok: Daily Times.
The National Archives of Thailand. 2 November 1974. “mahatthai poei sathiti lang wanthi” 14 tula mi kanpratuang 322 khrang [the Ministry of Interior reveals the statistics after the 14 October, there are 322 demonstrations].” In Kor/Por 7/2517/15: “nak sueksa lae klum phalang tangtang” [Students and other Groups of Forces]. Bangkok: Siam Rat .
The National Archives of Thailand. 8 November 1972. “mai sue sinkha yipun” [no purchase of Japanese products].” In Kor/Por 7/2515/17 Folder 1: “nisit lae naksueksa: karnronnarong totan sinkha yipun lae karnsongsoen hai chai sinkha thai,” [students: campaign against Japanese commodities and promotion of using Thai products].Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 24 July 1976. “mueang thai – mueang ‘fa sung phaendin tam’: rawang ya hai ron lae luk pen fai khuen” [Thailand – the land of ‘high sky and low land’: beware of heat, it burns].” In Kor/Por 2/2519/1, Folder 3: “thatsana kiaokap sathanakan tang kanmueang” [The viewpoint on the political situation]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 4 January 1976. “muen kwa yok khabuan khao ko tho mo” [Over 10 thousand (people) marched to Bangkok].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/8: “bot bat thang kanmueang khong phra kittiwutthophikkhu phu-am-nuai-kan chitta-phawan witthayalai” [the Political Role of monk Kitthiwutho Bhikkhu, the director of Chittapawan College]. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 5 January 1976. “nae 6 kho set laeo klap” [Suggestion of 6 proposals, then return].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/8: “bot bat thang kanmueang khong phra kittiwutthophikkhu phu-am-nuai-kan chitta-phawan witthayalai” [the Political Role of monk Kitthiwutho Bhikkhu, the director of Chittapawan College], 1, 14. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 25 June 1973. “naksueksa bok siachai yangsudsueng nai kanlaloei khammansanya khong phuyai” [Students said sorry deeply for the violation of the adults’ promise].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/14: “naksueksa lae klumphalang tangtang” [Students and other Forces], 1, 16. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 10 October 1973. “naksueksa chumnum tosu yan sawang phanuek kamlang pratuang nak nayok prap naksueksa” [Students demonstrated seriously till dawn against the prime minister suppressing students].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/16: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [The unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident]. Bangkok: Siam Rat .
The National Archives of Thailand. 10 October 1973. “Naksueksa chumnum tosu yan sawang phanuek kamlang pratuang nak nayok prap naksueksa” [Students demonstrated seriously till dawn against the prime minister suppressing students].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/16: “Hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [The Unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident]. Bangkok: Siam Rat .
The National Archives of Thailand. 3 July 1974. “nisit naksueksa” [students].” In Kor/Por 7/2517/15: “nak sueksa lae klum phalang tangtang” [Students and other Groups of Forces]. Bangkok: Siam Rat .
The National Archives of Thailand. 19 July 1973. “nisit witsawa chula yudrian prathuang mati koromo” [Students from Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University strike (not going to school) to demonstrate against the Cabinet resolution].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/10: “naksueksa lae klumphalang tangtang” [Students and other Forces]. Bangkok: Siam Rat .
The National Archives of Thailand. 17 June 1975. “nuea tai ok tok” [North, South, East, West], by “Nai Kanghan” .” In Kor/Por 7/2518/20: “naksueksa lae klumphalang” [Students and Power bloc].Bangkok: Daily News .
The National Archives of Thailand. 14 August 1975. “nuea tai ok tok” [North, South, East, West], by “Nai Kanghan” .” In Kor/Por 7/2518/20: “naksueksa lae klumphalang” [Students and Power bloc]. Bangkok: Daily News .
The National Archives of Thailand. 4 August 1975. “nuea tai ok tok” [North, South, East, West], by “Nai Kanghan”.” In Kor/Por 7/2518/20: “naksueksa lae klumphalang” [Students and Power bloc]. Bangkok: Daily News .
The National Archives of Thailand. 16 August 1975. “nuea tai ok tok” [North, South, East, West], by “Nai Kanghan”.” In Kor/Por 7/2518/20: “naksueksa lae klumphalang” [Students and Power bloc]. Bangkok: Daily News .
The National Archives of Thailand. 25 August 1973. “patibatkan thi na chomchoei lae khuan mong khong so no to” [The NSCT’s activities should be admired and viewed], by Anuchit Phunsitthichok.” In Kor/Por 7/2516/9: “naksueksa lae klumphalang tangtang” [Students and other Forces]. Bangkok: Siam Rat .
The National Archives of Thailand. 14 July 1974. “phalang mai khong klum naksueksak” [the new Force of students].” In Kor/Por 7/2517/15: "nak sueksa lae klum phalang tangtang" [Students and other Groups of Forces]. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 5 January 1973. “phalang naksueksa: khwamwangmai” [Student Forces: The New Hope].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/9: “naksueksa lae klumphalang tangtang” [Students and other Forces], by Sadao Klangdon. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 20 June 1974. “phalang nisit naksueksa” [the power of students], by “Khae Khui, Nui Bangkhuntian” .” In Kor/Por 7/2517/15: nak sueksa lae klum phalang tangtang [Students and other Groups of Forces]. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 22 March 1973. “phalang nisitnaksueksa kanpaiphatthana chonnabot” [the power of students, and the development of rural areas], by Son Samira.” In Kor/Por 7/2516/9: “naksueksa lae klumphalang tangtang” [Students and other Forces]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 25 March 1975. “poedpong ‘nawapon,’ si ai e nun yaek ‘phalang’ thai” [Reveal “Nawapol” with the supports of CIA to divide “forces” of Thai].” In Kor/Por 7/2518/25: “naksueksa lae klumphalang: nawapol” [Students and Power bloc: Nawapol]. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 6 October 1973. “poei raichue phuruamglum mi khonthai nai amerika duai” [revealing name list of the group, Thai people in the US included].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/16: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [the unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident]. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 6 October 1973. “poei raichue phuruamglum mi khonthai nai amerika duai” [revealing name list of the group, Thai people in the US included].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/16: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [The unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident]. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 16 June 1975. “Prap sia thi – yonyan manan” [Suppress them, letting loose for a long time], by Ronnachak.” In Kor/Por 7/2518/20: “naksueksa lae klumphalang” [Students and Power bloc]. Bangkok: Chaothai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 8 October 1973. “rabu bangkhon khoei pai chindaeng cha chap phuruam pruettikan ik” [indicating that someone ever visit Communist China, would arrest the team members again].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/16: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [The unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident]. Bangkok: Chaothai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 8 October 1973. “rabu bangkhon khoei pai chindaeng cha chap phuruam pruettikan ik” [indicating that someone ever visit Communist China, would arrest the team members again].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/16: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [The unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident]. Bangkok: Chaothai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 8 October 1973. “rabu bangkhon khoei pai chindaeng cha chap phuruam pruettikan ik” [indicating that someone ever visit Communist China, would arrest the team members again].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/16: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [the unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident]. Bangkok: Chaothai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 24 July 1974. “rabu naksueksak nok sunnisit tham suanruam siachue” [indicating that some students outside NSCT defame the group].” In Kor/Por 7/2517/15: “nak sueksa lae klum phalang tangtang” [Students and other Groups of Forces]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 29 March 1976. “rabu phuenthi – nawaphon khomhaeng naksueksa” [defining location – Nawapol bullies students].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/15: “bot bat lae phruettikam khong so no to” [The role and behavior of NSCT]. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 13 November 1973. “ruam phalang mai di kwa rue” [combining forces are better, aren’t they?].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/15: “naksueksa lae klum phalang tangtang: khrongkan phoeiphrae prachathippatai” [Students and other Forces: The Project of Democracy Propagation]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 6 September 1976. “samak rap nun ‘achiwa’ kwang ngan sonoto” [Samak accepted supporting ‘vocational students’ to obstruct NSCT].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/15: “bot bat lae phruettikam khong so no to” [The role and behavior of NSCT]. Bangkok: Prachachat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 21 June 1975. “samakhon waiwangchai athikanbodi lae soso patiset laeo chueng mai khon” [the association trusts the rector and the Representatives refuse, so investigation is not necessary].” In Kor/Por 7/2518/20: “naksueksa lae klumphalang” [Students and Power bloc]. Bangkok: Chaothai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 11 October 1976. “sang pracham kongnun rap biawat, italian daeng raboed thut thai” [order military reserve gets wages, the red Italian bombs Thai Embassy].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/9, Folder 1: “korani hetkan 6 tula 2519” [The case of 6 October 1976 incident]. Bangkok: Daily Times.
The National Archives of Thailand. 14 July 1976. “sanyan bok het” [the Sign of calamity].” In Kor/Por 2/2519/1, Folder 2: “thatsana kiaokap sathanakan tang kanmueang” [The viewpoint on the political situation]. Bangkok: Prachachat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 16 July 1976. “sapha nisit naksueksa totan sun nisit” [The Student Council protests against NSCT].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/15: “bot bat lae phruettikam khong so no to” [The role and behavior of NSCT]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 11 December 1972. “sarupphon prating sinkha yipun wa thathi yipun plianpai mak” [finally, the boycott of Japanese products resulted in the changing of Japanese position dramatically].” In Kor/Por 7/2515/17 Folder 1: “nisit lae naksueksa: karnronnarong totan sinkha yipun lae karnsongsoen hai chai sinkha thai” [students: campaign against Japanese commodities and promotion of using Thai products]. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 1974. “Seksan chi sangkhom Thai tong phatirup kansueksa” [Seksan indicates that Education must be reformed in Thai society].” In Kor/Por 7/2517/15: “nak sueksa lae klum phalang tangtang” [Students and other Groups of Forces]. n.p.
The National Archives of Thailand. 4 March 1976. “sun nisit ang kanmueang” [NSCT refers to politics].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/15: “bot bat lae phruettikam khong so no to” [The role and behavior of NSCT]. Bangkok: Daily Times.
The National Archives of Thailand. 17 September 1974. “thai thot TV talot 2 wan” [Live broadcast on TV for 2 days] .” In Kor/Por 7/2517/21, Folder 1: “korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [the case of 14 October 1973 incident]. Bangkok: Thai Rat .
The National Archives of Thailand. 1976. “thalaengkan chabap thi 1, sun nisit khabot to phaendin thai” [The statement No. 1: NSCT is treason to Thailand].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/15: “bot bat lae phruettikam khong so no to” [The role and behavior of NSCT]. Bangkok: This data come from a leaflet distributed to people which called for gathering and protest against NSCT on 16-19 July 1976.
The National Archives of Thailand. 8 October 1974. “Theerayut song bunthuek kho wangmue chak kanmueang” [Theerayut sends the notice to withdraw from the politics].” In Kor/Por 7/2517/15: “nak sueksa lae klum phalang tangtang” [Students and other Groups of Forces]. Bangkok: Daily Time.
The National Archives of Thailand. 28 June 1974. “tonhet kandoenkhabuan” [the cause of demonstration], by "Pha Woi".” In Kor/Por 7/2517/15: nak sueksa lae klum phalang tangtang [Students and other Groups of Forces]. Bangkok: Chaothai .
The National Archives of Thailand. 18 November 1972. “yipun roem waitua ti tuk totan cha ha tang lotdun kankha kap thai” [Japan started to be aware of the resistance and would find the solution to reduce the trade deficit with Thailand] .” In Kor/Por 7/2515/17 Folder 1: “nisit lae naksueksa: karnronnarong totan sinkha yipun lae karnsongsoen hai chai sinkha thai” [students: campaign against Japanese commodities and promotion of using Thai products]. Bangkok: Chaothai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 26 June 1975. “yuwasong to kittiwuttho, chi satsana phut pen sangkhomniyom” [The Young Sangha contends Kittiwuttho, indicates that Buddhism is socialism].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/8: “bot bat thangkanmueang khong phra kittiwutthophikkhu phuamnuaikan chittaphawan witthayalai” [the Political Role of monk Kitthiwutho Bhikkhu, the director of Chittapawan College]. Bangkok: Prachathippatai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 31 January 1975. “naksueksa lae klum phalang” [Students and Power bloc]. In Kor/Por 7/2518/20: Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 14 October 1973. “Hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [the unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident], In Kor/Por 7/2516/17: 1-2,15. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 14 October 1973. “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [The Unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident], In Kor/Por 7/2516/17: 16. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 28 October 1973. In Kor/Por 7/2516/17: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [the unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident], 2. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 15 October 1973. In Kor/Por 7/2516/17: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [the unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident], 1. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 15 October 1973. In Kor/Por 7/2516/17: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [the unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident], 4. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 15 October 1973. In Kor/Por 7/2516/17: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [the unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident], 15. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 15 October 1973. In Kor/Por 7/2516/17: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [the unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident], 15. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 14 October 1973. In Kor/Por 7/2516/17: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [the unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident], 15-16. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 14 October 1973. In Kor/Por 7/2516/17: “hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [the unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident], 1-2,15. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 13 May 1972. In Kor/Por 7/2515/17 Folder 1: nisit lae naksueksa: karnronnarong totan sinkha yipun lae karnsongsoen hai chai sinkha thai [students: campaign against Japanese commodities and promotion of using Thai products]. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 5 February 1970. “10 sathabun chan sung pra kat chaad tang soon klang nisit nak suksa khong thai [10 high institutions announced founded the National Student Center of Thailand].” In Kor/Por 8/2513/9 Folder 1/2: “bot bat naksueksa,” [The Role of Students]. Bangkok: Chaothai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 25 May 1972. “aeb song, "khrongkarn pha dip" [The unblesched cloth project].” In Kor/Por 7/2515/17 Folder 1: “nisit lae naksueksa: karnronnarong totan sinkha yipun lae karnsongsoen hai chai sinkha thai” [students: campaign against Japanese commodities and promotion of using Thai products]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 14 February 1970. “apriprai lueak nayok klua dai nayok pratoo khem [Discussion of Prime Minister Election: Fear of getting dried salted Mackerel Prime Minister].” In Kor/Por 8/2513/9 Folder 1/2: “bot bat naksueksa,” [The Role of Students]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 12 October 1976. “at nam ratthathammanun pi 17 ma kae, lot sapha patirup luea khae 200 khon [The 1974 constitution may be amended, Refrom Council reduced to 200].” In Kor/Por 2/2519/5, Folder 1: “kanborihan ngan khong ratthanan nai samai thanin kraiwichian pen nayokratthamontri” [The Administration of Thanin Kraivixien’s Government as Prime Minister]. Bangkok, BKK: Daily Times.
The National Archives of Thailand. 13 June 1974 . “bot bat khong nisit naksueksa thuk thangmot rue [the student’s roles are all correct?].” In Kor/Por 7/2517/15: nak sueksa lae klum phalang tangtang [Students and other Groups of Forces]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 5 February 1970. “bot bat naksueksa,” [The Role of Students], “11 maha vitthayalai nak suksa pavarana tham prayot [Students of 11 Universities dedicated to help].” In Kor/Por 8/2513/9 Folder 1/2: “bot bat naksueksa,” [The Role of Students]. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 9 October 1976. “Bueang lang patiwat, phoei chom 24 ‘khana patirup’ [Behind the Coup, Unveil 24 National Administrative Reform Council].” In Kor/Por 2/2519/5, Folder 1: “kanborihan ngan khong ratthanan nai samai thanin kraiwichian pen nayokratthamontri” [The Administration of Thanin Kraivixien’s Government as Prime Minister]. Bangkok, BKK: Daily Times.
The National Archives of Thailand. 13 June 1970. “chula tang chomrom taang karn mueang kratun nisit raab pid chob tor chaat (Chulalongkorn University establishes “Politics Club" to arouse student to be more responsible for the Nation.” In Kor/Por 8/2513/9 Folder 1/2: “bot bat naksueksa,” [The Role of Students]. n.p.
The National Archives of Thailand. 26 August 1975. “Column “Nga Saeng”.” In Kor/Por 7/2518/20: “naksueksa lae klumphalang” [Students and Power bloc]. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 14 October 1974. “Fuen kwamlang 14 tula 16 [Revive the Past: 14 October 1973] .” In Kor/Por 7/2517/21 Folder 1: “korani hetkan 14 tulakhom 2516” [the case of 14 October 1973 incident], by Son Thale. Bangkok, BKK.
The National Archives of Thailand. 21 May 1974. “hen cha tong choru (hu ta) kan sia mai [should bore new holes (ears, eyes)].” In Kor/Por 7/2517/15: nak sueksa lae klum phalang tangtang [Students and other Groups of Forces]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 13 March 1970. “Kukrit.” In Kor/Por 8/2513/9 Folder 1/2: “bot bat naksueksa,” [The Role of Students]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 17 June 1973. “lop chue naksueksa ramkhamhaeng kao khon than phim nangsue khian siadsi rueang to ayu krathing thungyai [9 Ramkhamhaeng university students had been expelled from a charge of publishing a satirical book about the tenure extension of the gaur of Thung Yai].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/14: “naksueksa lae klumphalang tangtang” [Students and other Forces]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 9 October 1973. “mo tho pratuang nak yud sop mai mi kamnod, adit soso khaisaeng suksai khao mop tua laeo” [Thammasat University demonstrated seriously, stop doing exams without deadline, former Representative Khaisaeng Suksai meets the police].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/16: “Hetkan mai sangop nueangchak kanriakrong ratthathammanun: korani hetkan 14 tula 2516” [The Unrest due to the demand for the constitution: the case of 14 October 1973 incident], 1, 16. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 5 May 1974. “Naksueksa phoeiprae prachathippatai krapchak chonnabot laeo sammana [Students, who disseminate democracy, returned from the countruside, then held a seminar],.” In Kor/Por 2/2517/2 Folder 21: “Botbat Naksueksa,” [The Role of Students]. Bangkok, BKK: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 23 June 1973. “naksueksa song phuthaen phao nailuang, prachachon borichak ngoen kha ahan songmuen [students sent representatives to have an audience with the King, the people donate twenty thousand].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/14: “naksueksa lae klumphalang tangtang” [Students and other Forces]. Bangkok: Chaothai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 15 June 1970. “ngae kid jaak khao [Point of View from the News], by Sathien Chantimathorn.” In Kor/Por 8/2513/9 Folder 1/2: "bot bat naksueksa," [The Role of Students]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 15 March 1970. “nisit naaksueksa kueap sam pan pattana mooban [Around 3 thousand Students developed Villages].” In Kor/Por 8/2513/9 Folder 1/2: “bot bat naksueksa,” [The Role of Students]. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 21 June 1972. “nisit sipet sathaban tang sun ronnarong puea setthakit [students from 11 institutions established center from economic promotion].” In Kor/Por 7/2515/17 Folder 1: “Nisit lae naksueksa: karnronnarong totan sinkha yipun lae karnsongsoen hai chai sinkha thai” [students: campaign against Japanese commodities and promotion of using Thai products]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 24 May 1970. “pok krong gun duay kwam glua rean job nak suksa liang tuo eng mai dai [rule with fear, students cannot feed themselves after graduation].” In Kor/Por 8/2513/9 Folder 1/2: “bot bat naksueksa,” [The Role of Students]. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 16 July 1970. “puea prieab tieab kaab laatthi uen sonjai karn mueang dee gua deon khabuan [To compare with other Doctrines, Be interested in Politics better than Marching].” In Kor/Por 8/2513/9 Folder 2: “bot bat naksueksa,” [The Role of Students]. Bangkok: Chao Thai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 6 October 1976. “Sang sop ‘khwaenkho’ lan pho: rabu phap min pramat ongratchathayat [Ordering Investigation the ‘Hanging’ at Bodhi Tree Yard (Lan Pho): the picture indicating the lèse-majesté of the Crown Prince].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/1, Folder 13: “korani kanklapkhao prathet khong chomphon thanom” [the case of the return to Thailand of Field Marshal Thanom], . Bangkok, BKK: Prachachat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 19 November 1972. “song tuean naksueksa kantotan sinkha yipun [(The King) advised students about the anti-Japanese products that they “should think carefully and beneficially].” In Kor/Por 7/2515/17 Folder 1: “nisit lae naksueksa: karnronnarong totan sinkha yipun lae karnsongsoen hai chai sinkha thai,” [students: campaign against Japanese commodities and promotion of using Thai products]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 12 July 1972. “sun naksueksa ronnarong puea setthakit thai tang phanaek wichai thurakit yipun [NSCT campaigned for Thai economy through established department of Japanese Business Research] .” In Kor/Por 7/2515/17 Folder 1: “Nisit lae naksueksa: karnronnarong totan sinkha yipun lae karnsongsoen hai chai sinkha thai” [students: campaign against Japanese commodities and promotion of using Thai products]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 7 November 1972. “sun nisit naksueksa pratuang yipun totan mai sue sinkha yipun [NSCT protested Japan through not buying Japanese products for 10 days] .” In Kor/Por 7/2515/17 Folder 1: “Nisit lae naksueksa: karnronnarong totan sinkha yipun lae karnsongsoen hai chai sinkha thai" [students: campaign against Japanese commodities and promotion of using Thai products]. Bangkok: Chaothai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 21 September 1970. “tae tha cha doen khabuan ko kho hai chai samong kon doy mi paomai naenon lae puea suan ruam [but supposing to protest, please first using Brain with certian goals and for the public].” In Kor/Por 8/2513/9 Folder 2: “bot bat naksueksa,” [The Role of Students]. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 28 June 1974. “tonhet kandoenkhabuan [the cause of demonstration], by “Pha Woi".” In Kor/Por 7/2517/15: nak sueksa lae klum phalang tangtang [Students and other Groups of Forces]. Bangkok: Chaothai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 2 October 1970. “tuen thued lukdom [Wake Up, Thammasat!]; ngae khid chak khao [The Point of View from the News], by Anan Saisiriwit.” In Kor/Por 8/2513/9 Folder 2: “bot bat naksueksa,” [The Role of Students]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 26 October 1958. “wiphak wichan [A Critique] .” In Kor/Por 7/2501/Bor 21.11 “Rueang khana patiwat” [The case of the Revolutionary Party]. Bangkok, BKK: San Seri.
The National Archives of Thailand. 2 May 1973. “korani kanlaklop lasat nai khet pasanguan thungyai tambon raiwo amphoe sangkhla changwat kanchanaburi” [the case of the illegal wild animals hunting game in Thung Yai Reserved Forest Area, Rai Wo sub-district, Sangkhla district, Kanchanaburi Province].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/6 Folder 1: “korani kanlaklop lasat nai khet pasanguan thungyai tambon raiwo amphoe sangkhla changwat kanchanaburi” [the case of the illegal wild animals hunting game in Thung Yai Reserved Forest Area, Rai Wo sub-district, Sangkhla district, Kanchanaburi Province]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 2 May 1973. “nayok wa phuak pai la sat phrang tua pai ratchakan lap, po wo ko kanchanaburi yan “maimi” ” [Prime Minister said they had gone to wildlife hunting as a disguise of the “secret mission,” while the province governor confirmed “Nothing”].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/6 Folder 1: “korani kanlaklop lasat nai khet pasanguan thungyai tambon raiwo amphoe sangkhla changwat kanchanaburi” [the case of the illegal wild animals hunting game in Thung Yai Reserved Forest Area, Rai Wo sub-district, Sangkhla district, Kanchanaburi Province]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 1 May 1973. “Chaonatipa poei pai la krating: ham mai chuea nam khana pai ying sat pa nao men tuo pa” [wildlife rangers revealed of guar hunting: already prohibited but ignored, and led the group shot wildlife and caused stinky wild].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/6 Folder 1: “korani kanlaklop lasat nai khet pasanguan thungyai tambon raiwo amphoe sangkhla changwat kanchanaburi” [the case of the illegal wild animals hunting game in Thung Yai Reserved Forest Area, Rai Wo sub-district, Sangkhla district, Kanchanaburi Province]. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 3 May 1976. “Kukrit” [Kukrit].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/6 Folder 1: “korani kanlaklop lasat nai khet pasanguan thungyai tambon raiwo amphoe sangkhla changwat kanchanaburi” [the case of the illegal wild animals hunting game in Thung Yai Reserved Forest Area, Rai Wo sub-district, Sangkhla district, Kanchanaburi Province]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 1 May 1973. “chaonatipa poei pai la krating : ham mai chuea nam khana pai ying sat pa nao men tuo pa” [wildlife rangers revealed of guar hunting: already prohibited but ignored, and led the group shot wildlife and caused stinky wild].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/6 Folder 1: “korani kanlaklop lasat nai khet pasanguan thungyai tambon raiwo amphoe sangkhla changwat kanchanaburi” [the case of the illegal wild animals hunting game in Thung Yai Reserved Forest Area, Rai Wo sub-district, Sangkhla district, Kanchanaburi Province]. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 3 May 1973. “khamsang tamruat hai ngot long khao khoptoe” [Order from the police to stop writing the copter’s news].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/6 Folder 1: “korani kanlaklop lasat nai khet pasanguan thungyai tambon raiwo amphoe sangkhla changwat kanchanaburi” [the case of the illegal wild animals hunting game in Thung Yai Reserved Forest Area, Rai Wo sub-district, Sangkhla district, Kanchanaburi Province]. Bangkok: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 2 May 1973. “prapas koei tuean mai hai la chai khopter khon ni tamruat” [Prapas used to warn not to hunt, they using copter carrying to flee the police] .” In Kor/Por 7/2516/6 Folder 1: “korani kanlaklop lasat nai khet pasanguan thungyai tambon raiwo amphoe sangkhla changwat kanchanaburi” [the case of the illegal wild animals hunting game in Thung Yai Reserved Forest Area, Rai Wo sub-district, Sangkhla district, Kanchanaburi Province]. Bangkok: Thai Rat .
The National Archives of Thailand. 26 May 1973. “sang pai ratchakanlap ching, to ayu maimi okat patiset dai, pen nathi ko ro mo” [ordering to secret mission is true, extending the tenure cannot refuse, it is the duty of the Cabinet].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/6 Folder 2: “korani kanlaklop lasat nai khet pasanguan thungyai tambon raiwo amphoe sangkhla changwat kanchanaburi” [the case of the illegal wild animals hunting game in Thung Yai Reserved Forest Area, Rai Wo sub-district, Sangkhla district, Kanchanaburi Province]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 7 May 1973. “khat samnuek nai ‘sinlatham’ hai nayok longthot naklasat tukkhon” [the Lack of Morality Awareness, Prime Minister shall punish everyone].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/6 Folder 2: “korani kanlaklop lasat nai khet pasanguan thungyai tambon raiwo amphoe sangkhla changwat kanchanaburi” [the case of the illegal wild animals hunting game in Thung Yai Reserved Forest Area, Rai Wo sub-district, Sangkhla district, Kanchanaburi Province]. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 16 May 1973. “tam khamsang khong so no tho poed apriprai ‘lasat’ roem sipchet wanni thi chula” [according to the request of NSCT, opening discussion on ‘hunting animals,’ starts today at Chulalongkorn University].” In Kor/Por 7/2516/6 Folder 2: “korani kanlaklop lasat nai khet pasanguan thungyai tambon raiwo amphoe sangkhla changwat kanchanaburi” [the case of the illegal wild animals hunting game in Thung Yai Reserved Forest Area, Rai Wo sub-district, Sangkhla district, Kanchanaburi Province]. Bangkok: Thai Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 12 August 1976. “sun nisit ti khao thanom wa sang sathanakan” [NSCT criticizes the news of Thanom that wanted to create situation].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/1, Folder 1: "korani kantotan kan-klap-khao prathet khong chomphon thanom kittikhachon lae korani kwaenkho 2 sop thi changwat nakhon pathom”. [the case of demonstration against the return Thailand of Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn and the case of 2 hangings in Nakhon Pathom province]. Bangkok: Prachathippatai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 3 September 1976. “athibodi tamruat song tamruat prom rap hetkan thanom toi yang mai klap nai raya ni” [Royal Thai Police Chief orders police to deal with situations, Thanom retreats, not return at the moment].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/1, Folder 1: “korani kantotan kan-klap-khao prathet khong chomphon thanom kittikhachon lae korani kwaenkho 2 sop thi changwat nakhon pathom". [the case of demonstration against the return to Thailand of Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn and the case of 2 hangings in Nakhon Pathom province]. Bangkok: Daily Times.
The National Archives of Thailand. 17 August 1976. “tha thanom klap” [If Thanom returns], Column “Khaekhui,” by “Nui Bangkhunthian”.” In Kor/Por 7/2519/1, Folder 1: “korani kantotan kan-klap-khao prathet khong chomphon thanom kittikhachon lae korani kwaenkho 2 sop thi changwat nakhon pathom”. [the case of demonstration against the return to Thailand of Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn and the case of 2 hangings in Nakhon Pathom province],. Bangkok: Daily Time.
The National Archives of Thailand. 5 October 1976. “Yok Khabuan chak sanam luang buk yuet: Tang changwat chumnum phrom nai khrung” [the demonstration moved from the Royal Plaza (Sanam Luang) and occupied Thammasat University: other provinces gathered as Bangkok].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/1, Folder 12: กรณีการกลับเข้าประเทศของจอมพลถนอม กิตติขจร และการต่อต้านจากฝ่ายต่างๆกับกรณีคดีแขวนคอ 2 ศพที่จังหวัดนครปฐม [the case of the return of Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn and the demonstrations from various groups and the case of 2 hangings in Nakhon Pathom]. Bangkok, BKK: Daily News.
The National Archives of Thailand. 5 October 1976. ““Naksueksa Phanuek kamlang khaplai ‘Thanom’” [Students combine forces to expel ‘Thanom’].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/1, Folder 12: “korani kanklapkhao prathet khong chomphon thanom kittikhachon lae kantotan chak faitangtang kap korani khadi kwaenkho 2 sop thi changwat nakhon pathom”. [the case of the return to Thailand of Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn and the demonstrations from various groups and the case of 2 hangings in Nakhon Pathom province]. Bangkok: Prachathippatai.
The National Archives of Thailand. 21 September 1976. “chiwon puean lueat” [Buddhist robe was tainted with blood].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/1, Folder 5: “korani kantotan kan-klap-khao prathet khong chomphon thanom kittikhachon lae korani kwaenkho 2 sop thi changwat nakhon pathom”. [the case of demonstration against the return to Thailand of Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn and the case of 2 hangings in Nakhon Pathom province]. Bangkok: Siam Rat.
The National Archives of Thailand. 20 September 1976. “hai chapkum thanom kan ratthaprahan” [Arrest Thanom – to prevent coup].” In Kor/Por 7/2519/1, Folder 5: “korani kantotan kan-klap-khao prathet khong chomphon thanom kittikhachon lae korani kwaenkho 2 sop thi changwat nakhon pathom”. [the case of demonstration against the return to Thailand of Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn and the case of 2 hangings in Nakhon Pathom province]. Bangkok: Prachathippatai.
The Secretariat of the Cabinet. 2014. The History of Thailand Prime Minister, 1932-present (Thai: ประวัตินายกรัฐมนตรีไทย, พ.ศ. 2475-ปัจจุบัน). Bangkok, 12 September . http://www.soc.go.th/bb2_main21.htm.
The Secretariat of the House of Representatives. 2014. The Beginning of Thai Democracy (Thai: จุดเริ่มต้นประชาธิปไตยไทย). Bangkok: The Secretariat of the House of Representatives. doi:https://www.parliament.go.th/ewtadmin/ewt/parliament_parcy/download/article/article_20140826111136.pdf.
Thubthun, Narathip, and Chinasak Tandikul. 2017. “A Review of Studies on Tai Yuan Ethnicity (Thai: ปริทัศน์การศึกษาว่าด้วยชาติพันธุ์ไทยวน) .” Humanities & Social Sciences 34 (2): 245-272.
Wongthes, Sujit. 26 August 2016. “Sukhothai changed Political and Economic Policies: abandoned Mahayana and changed to respect Mahayana Buddhism (Thai: “รัฐสุโขทัยเปลี่ยนนโยบายการเมือง-การค้า ดูจากทิ้งมหายาน เปลี่ยนไปยกย่องเถรวาท”).” Matichon. https://www.matichon.co.th/news/264506.
Wongthes, Sujit. 2019. “The Name of the City: What is the Origin of Chiang Mai (Thai: ชื่อบ้านนามเมือง จังหวัดเชียงใหม่มาจากไหน).” Silapawattanatham. Bangkok: Matichon, 15 July. https://www.silpa-mag.com/history/article_35749.
Yimprasert, Suthachai. 10 June 2017. “85 Years of the Siamese Revolution: The History that ‘must be managed’ (Thai: “85 ปี ปฏิวัติสยาม: ประวัติศาสตร์ที่ ‘ต้องจัดการ’”).” Hathaikarn Trisuwan, The BBC Thai. https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-40213.
Yimprasert, Suthachai. n.d. “How the 6 October 1976 Incident took place? (Thai: เหตุการณ์ 6 ตุลาฯ เกิดขึ้นได้อย่างไร).” 1-5. Documentation of Oct 6 (Thai: บันทึก 6 ตุลา). Accessed January 25 , 2018. http://www.2519.net/newsite/2016/บทที่-2-เหตุการณ์-๖-ตุลาเก/.
—. 2010. The Usurpation Plan of Thai Nation: State and the Second Counter-State during Field Marshal Por Pibulsongkram, 1948-1957 (Thai: แผนชิงชาติไทย: ว่าด้วยรัฐและการต่อต้านรัฐสมัยจอมพล ป. พิบูลสงคราม ครั้งที่สอง, พ.ศ. 2491-2500). 3. Bangkok: The Commemoration of the 6 October.
Yongsiri, Suphinya. 2019. “'Thais’ Unfading Love for and Loyalty to Their Monarchs in Si Phaendin (Thai: ความผูกพัน จงรักภักดีไม่เคยจางหายจากหัวใจชาวประชา ในเรื่องสี่แผ่นดิน) .” Humanities and Social Sciences 36 (2): 17-34.
 
 
 
 
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