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題名:The Spiritual Leadership and Management of Christian Hospitals: the Entanglement between Mission and Reality
作者:陳明晃
作者(外文):教會醫院的靈性領導與管理── 使命與現實之間的糾葛
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:企業管理系研究所
指導教授:連雅慧
艾昌瑞
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2020
主題關鍵詞:教會醫院靈性領導靈性管理使命組織效能Christian hospitalspiritual leadershipspiritual managementmissionorganizational effectiveness
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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早期在台灣醫療普遍缺乏的年代,西方傳教士開始以「醫療傳道」為主軸的宣教方式,引進了西方醫學,開啓了教會醫療時期,並在台灣的醫療現代化發展扮演很重要的角色。但隨著台灣的經濟發展與社會變遷,醫療政策和健保制度的實施,醫療環境變的競爭,一些教會醫院擴充發展成中大型的醫院,並必須跟上評鑑制度標準和要求。因此教會醫院在醫療服務的信仰及傳道角色上,已不若過去顯著,也造成教會醫院在使命、經營策略上面臨極大的挑戰。然而教會醫院應該要比其他非宗教型的醫院更具職場靈性的潛在文化與特質,領導者如何讓主管與員工在工作與生活中實踐出來,繼續傳承與培養優質的職場靈性顯得極其重要。本研究旨在探究教會醫院的靈性領導與管理,所具有的特質與風格,在堅持使命 卻也須面對經營現實的壓力下,處理兩者之間產生的糾葛,在實務上的作法有那些,藉此提供教會醫院的領導者作反思與參考。所以本研究不侷限在有那些糾葛,過程的 掙扎與解決,而是從領導者在經過這些人與事以後,所呈現的領導風格與處理糾葛的實務作法。
本研究的架構首先係針對職場靈性及靈性領相關文獻進行檢閱,其次則透過深度訪談法、紮根理論研究,建構教會醫院的靈性領導與管理的風格與實務做法,最後是討論本研究之限制與建議。在研究方法方面,主要是先透過靜態的文獻分析,探討職場靈性與靈性領導管理的理論;之後,再進一步以教會醫院三位獲得醫療奉獻獎的院長及與院長近身共事的行政人員為受訪對象。藉由實證研究的方法,從資料釐清概念及建構初步理論。訪談題目包含五大面相,包含個人動機、自我認知、 組織的價值使命 、人力資源、經營管理。
本研究發現(1)教會醫院的靈性領導的定義為順服神並捨己的領導。靈性與領導要並行結合在一起才是完整的。無論是領導者個人或一個組織,都應注意其身體、心理、心靈,甚至包含社會,這四個層面的健康。(2)教會醫院靈性領導者的特質包含具有服務人的強烈動機、具有無私奉獻的精神、依信仰原則行事。(3)教會醫院靈性領導風格模式包含以關愛為行動原則、以自身作為典範、以自覺維持靈性、以感召激勵認同。(4)在教會醫院靈性領導遇到使命與現實的糾葛時,處理糾葛在實務上的作法為堅持使命及兼顧經營策略和管理實務。結論是,過去領導相關的研究中,著重在領導者人格的特質或行為的描述,本研究則從靈性層次提供過去領導理論中未論及的層次。一位健康的領導者本應包含靈性。領導者健康的靈性特質將表現在領導風格,並透過經營管理的實務做法學習,將帶來組織的效能提升。
More than one hundred years ago, western missionaries began to do medical missions in Taiwan while medical resources were limited at that time. These missionaries not only started a brand-new Christian medical history, but also played an important role in the development of medical modernization in Taiwan. However, with Taiwan's economic development and social changes, the implementation of medical policies and health care systems, and the competition in the medical environment, some Christian hospitals have to face some challenges to keep up with the increasingly accreditation standards and requirements from the government. Therefore, the faith and missionary role of Christian hospitals in medical services is not as significant as in the past, and it has also caused great challenges in missions and business strategies. However, Christian hospitals should have more potential cultural and traits of workplace spirituality than other non-religious hospitals. It is very crucial for leaders to encourage supervisors and employees practice their visions and values in their work and life, in order to inherit and cultivate high-quality workplace spirituality.
The purpose of this study was to explore the spiritual leadership and management of Christian hospitals, and to investigate the entanglement between the spiritual traits from Christian hospitals and the pressure from reality of business and management. We further discussed how to deal with the entanglement in real world practice and to provide reflection and reference for the leaders of Christian hospitals. This study was not only focus on the solutions of those entanglements, but more emphasize the practical methods of leadership styles and dealing with entanglements after going through those challenges. The framework of this study was to first review the literature related to workplace spirituality and spiritual leadership. Secondly, through in-depth interviews and grounded theory, we constructed a system to understand the style and practice of spiritual leadership and management in Christian hospitals. Finally, we discussed the limitations and made the suggestions. In our study design, we collected the references regarding the theory of workplace spirituality and spiritual leadership management through literature reviews. Afterwards, three hospital superintendents who won the Taiwan’s medical dedication award and their associated administrators were interviewed. We then clarified the concepts and constructed preliminary theories via evidence-based research methods.
There are five major aspects for the interview topics, including personal motivation, self-awareness, organizational value mission, human resources, and management. The results of the study were summarized as following: (1) the definition of spiritual leadership in Christian hospitals means the leader should give up his own way and obey God. The leadership is intact only when a leader has both characteristics of spirituality and leadership. Whether it is for an individual leader or an organization, attention should be paid to the health of these four levels, including body, mind, heart, and even society. (2) The characteristics of spiritual leaders in Christian hospitals include strong motivation to serve people, selfless dedication, and acting in accordance with the principles of faith. (3) The style and model of spiritual leadership in Christian hospitals includes caring as the principle of action, taking self as paradigm, maintaining spirituality consciously, and inspiring identification with inspiration. (4) In the mission and reality of spiritual leadership in Christian hospitals, we found that when confronting spiritual leadership and entanglement, the practice of dealing with entanglement is to adhere to the mission and take into account both business strategy and management practice. In conclusion, the previous leadership-related studies focus on the description of the personality or behavior of the leader's personality. This study provides the features of spirituality that is not ever discussed in leadership before. A healthy leader should contain spirituality. The healthy spiritual features of a leader will be revealed in his leadership, and such leadership will increase the effectiveness of the organization through learning process and practical management.
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