Agah, A., & Tanie, K. (1999). Multimedia human-computer interac-tion for presence and exploration in a telemuseum. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 8(1), 104-111.

Ahmad, N., & Abdulkarim, H. (2019). The impact of flow experience and personality type on the intention to use virtual world. In-ternational Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 35(12), 1074-1085.

Ahmad, W., & Sun, J. (2018). Antecedents of SMMA continuance in-tention in two culturally diverse countries: An empirical exam-ination. Journal of Global Information Technology Manage-ment, 21(1), 45-68.

Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned be-havior. In Action control (pp. 11-39). Springer, Berlin, Heidel-berg.

Ajzen, I. (1989). Attitude structure and behaviour. In A. Pratkanis, S. Breckler, & A. Greenwald (Eds.), Attitude structure and func-tion (pp. 241-274). London: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Algharabat, R., Rana, N. P., Dwivedi, Y. K., Alalwan, A. A., & Qasem, Z. (2018). The effect of telepresence, social presence and in-volvement on consumer brand engagement: An empirical study of non-profit organizations. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 40, 139-149.

Allport, G. W. (1935). Attitudes’ in Murchison, C (ed.) Handbook of Social Psychology, Clark University Press, Worcester.

Amoroso, D., & Lim, R. (2017). The mediating effects of habit on continuance intention. International Journal of Information Management, 37(6), 693-702.

An, S., Choi, Y., & Lee, C. K. (2021). Virtual travel experience and destination marketing: effects of sense and information quality on flow and visit intention. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100492.

Andel, S. A., de Vreede, T., Spector, P. E., Padmanabhan, B., Singh, V. K., & de Vreede, G. J. (2020). Do social features help in vid-eo-centric online learning platforms? A social presence per-spective. Computers in Human Behavior, 113, 106505.

Animesh, A., Pinsonneault, A., Yang, S. B., & Oh, W. (2011). An od-yssey into virtual worlds: exploring the impacts of technologi-cal and spatial environments on intention to purchase virtual products. Mis Quarterly, 789-810.

Ashraf, A. R., Thongpapanl, N. T., & Spyropoulou, S. (2016). The connection and disconnection between e-commerce businesses and their customers: Exploring the role of engagement, per-ceived usefulness, and perceived ease-of-use. Electronic Com-merce Research and Applications, 20, 69-86.

Augustine, S. M., & Zoss, M. (2006). Aesthetic flow experience in the teaching of preservice language arts teachers. English Edu-cation, 39(1), 72-95.

Baabdullah, A. M., Alsulaimani, A. A., Allamnakhrah, A., Alalwan, A. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Rana, N. P. (2022). Usage of aug-mented reality (AR) and development of e-learning outcomes: An empirical evaluation of students’e-learning experience. Computers & Education, 177, 104383.

Bagozzi, R. P., & Burnkrant, R. E. (1979). Attitude organization and the attitude–behavior relationship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(6), 913-929.

Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the Evaluation of Structural Equa-tion Models. Academy of Marketing Science Journal, 16(1), 74-94.

Baloglu, S. (1998). An empirical investigation of attitude theory for tourist destinations: A comparison of visitors and nonvisi-tors. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 22(3), 211-224.

Barta, S., Flavian, C., & Gurrea, R. (2021). Managing consumer ex-perience and online flow: Differences in handheld devices vs PCs. Technology in Society, 64, 101525.

Bassi, M., & Fave, A. D. (2012). Optimal experience among teachers: New insights into the work paradox. The Journal of Psycholo-gy, 146(5), 533-557.

Beldad, A. D., & Hegner, S. M. (2018). Expanding the technology acceptance model with the inclusion of trust, social influence, and health valuation to determine the predictors of German us-ers’ willingness to continue using a fitness app: A structural equation modeling approach. International Journal of Hu-man-Computer Interaction, 34(9), 882-893.

Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246.

Berger, S. C., & Messerschmidt, C. M. (2009). Babbling before banking? Online communities and pre‐purchase information seeking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 27(6),446-466.

Bhattacherjee, A. (2001). Understanding information systems con-tinuance: An expectation-confirmation model. MIS Quarterly, 25(3), 351-370.

Bilgihan, A., Nusair, K., Okumus, F., & Cobanoglu, C. (2015). Ap-plying flow theory to booking experiences: An integrated mod-el in an online service context. Information & Manage-ment, 52(6), 668-678.

Biocca, F., Harms, C., & Burgoon, J. K. (2003). Toward a more robust theory and measure of social presence: Review and suggested criteria. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 12(5), 456-480.

Blanchard, A.L. & Markus, M.L. (2004), The experienced sense of a virtual community: Characteristics and processes. Advances in Information Systems, 35(1), 65-79.

Boroumand, M. R., Pourkiani, M., & Afrouzeh, A. (2021). Creating Telepresence and Flow Experience through Virtual Reality (VR) Technology and Their Impact on Brand Attitude and Purchase Intentions of Sport Products Customers. Sport Management and Development, 10(2), 21-30.

Brailovskaia, J., & Teichert, T. (2020). “I like it” and “I need it”: Re-lationship between implicit associations, flow, and addictive social media use. Computers in Human Behavior, 113, 106509.

Bulu, S. T. (2012). Place presence, social presence, co-presence, and satisfaction in virtual worlds. Computers & Education, 58(1), 154-161.

Burgoon, J. K., & Hoobler, G. D. (2002). Nonverbal signals. In M. L. Knapp & J. A. Daly (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Commu-nication (3rd ed., pp. 240-299). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

Burke, K., & Chidambaram, L. (1999). How much bandwidth is enough? A longitudinal examination of media characteristics and group outcomes. MIS Quarterly, 557-579.

Caffaro, F., Cremasco, M. M., Roccato, M., & Cavallo, E. (2017). It does not occur by chance: A mediation model of the influence of workers’ characteristics, work environment factors, and near misses on agricultural machinery-related acci-dents. International Journal of Occupational and Environmen-tal Health, 23(1), 52-59.

Chen, H., Wigand, R. T., & Nilan, M. S. (1999). Optimal experience of web activities. Computers in human behavior, 15(5), 585-608.

Chen, M. F., & Lin, N. P. (2018). Incorporation of health conscious-ness into the technology readiness and acceptance model to predict app download and usage intentions. Internet Research, 28(2), 351-373.

Cheng, L. T., & Wang, J. W. (2019). Enhancing learning performance through classroom response systems: The effect of knowledge type and social presence. The International Journal of Man-agement Education, 17(1), 103-118.

Chernev (2022). 29 Astonishing E-learning Statistics for 2022 [Online]. Available: https://techjury.net/blog/elearning-statistics/#gref [2022, July 21].

Cheung, C. M., Zheng, X., & Lee, M. K. (2015). How the conscious and automatic information processing modes influence con-sumers’ continuance decision in an e-Commerce web-site. Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 7(2), 25-40.

Cheung, R., & Vogel, D. (2013). Predicting user acceptance of col-laborative technologies: An extension of the technology ac-ceptance model for e-learning. Computers & Education, 63, 160-175.

Cho, J. (2016). The impact of post-adoption beliefs on the continued use of health apps. International Journal of Medical Informat-ics, 87, 75-83.

Chuenban, P., Sornsaruht, P., & Pimdee, P. (2021). How brand atti-tude, brand quality, and brand value affect Thai canned tuna consumer brand loyalty. Heliyon, 7(2), e06301.

Claycomb, C., Lengnick-Hall, C. A., & Inks, L. W. (2001). The cus-tomer as a productive resource: a pilot study and strategic im-plications. Journal of Business Strategies, 18(1), 47-69.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Finding flow: The psychology of en-gagement with everyday life. New York: HarperCollins.

Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Nakamura, J. (2010). Effortless attention in everyday life: A systematic phenomenology. Effortless Atten-tion: A New Perspective in the Cognitive Science of Attention and Action, 179-189.

Cui, Y. (2021). The influence of quality factors on the satisfaction and continuance intention of chinese college students' online learning during the COVID-19 epidemic. In 2021 12th Interna-tional Conference on E-Education, E-Business, E-Management, and E-Learning (pp. 145-150).

Cyr, D., Hassanein, K., Head, M., & Ivanov, A. (2007). The role of social presence in establishing loyalty in e-service environ-ments. Interacting with Computers, 19(1), 43-56.

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340.

Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User ac-ceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theo-retical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003.

DeBruicker, F. S. (1979). An Appraisal of Llow-involvement Con-sumer Information Processing. In Attitude Research Plays for High Stakes, John C. Maloney and Bernard Silverman. Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association, 112-130.

Ding, H. M., & Hung, K. P. (2021). The antecedents of visitors' flow experience and its influence on memory and behavioral inten-tions in the music festival context. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100551.

Dolenc, K., Šorgo, A., & Ploj-Virtic, M. (2022). Perspectives on Les-sons from the COVID-19 Outbreak for Post-Pandemic Higher Education: Continuance Intention Model of Forced Online Dis-tance Teaching. European Journal of Educational Re-search, 11(1), 163-177.

Draper, J. V., & Blair, L. M. (1996, April). Workload, flow, and telepresence during teleoperation. In Proceedings of IEEE in-ternational conference on robotics and automation (Vol. 2, pp. 1030-1035). IEEE.

Edirisingha, P., Nie, M., Pluciennik, M., & Young, R. (2009). Social-isation for learning at a distance in a 3-D multi-user virtual en-vironment. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(3), 458-479.

Erber, M. W., Hodges, S. D., & Wilson, T. D. (1995). Attitude strength, attitude stability, and the effects of analyzing rea-sons. Attitude Strength: Antecedents and Consequences, 433-454.

Farsawang, P., & Songkram, N. (2022). Factors Influence Students’ Continuance Intention toward Online Learning Transition After the COVID-19 Pandemic Unfolds. In 13th International Con-ference on Society and Information Technologies, ICSIT 2022 (pp. 91-96).

Fazio, R. H. (1995). Attitudes as object-evaluation associations: De-terminants, consequences, and correlates of attitude accessibil-ity. Attitude Strength: Antecedents and Consequences, 4, 247-282.

Finneran, C. M., & Zhang, P. (2003). A person–artefact–task (PAT) model of flow antecedents in computer-mediated environ-ments. International Journal of Human-Computer Stud-ies, 59(4), 475-496.

Fiore, A. M., Kim, J., & Lee, H. H. (2005). Effect of image interac-tivity technology on consumer responses toward the online re-tailer. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 19(3), 38-53.

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and be-havior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Gan, C., & Li, H. (2018). Understanding the effects of gratifications on the continuance intention to use WeChat in China: A per-spective on uses and gratifications. Computers in Human Be-havior, 78, 306-315.

Gao, B. W., Jiang, J., & Tang, Y. (2020). The effect of blended learn-ing platform and engagement on students’ satisfaction--the case from the tourism management teaching. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 27, 100272.

Gao, W., Liu, Z., & Li, J. (2017). How does social presence influence SNS addiction? A belongingness theory perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 77, 347-355.

Garrison, D. R. (2009). Communities of inquiry in online learning. In Encyclopedia of distance learning, Second edition (pp. 352-355). IGI Global.

Gefen, D., Karananna, E., & Straub, D. W. (2003). Trust and TAM in online shopping: An integrated model. MIS Quarterly, 27(1), 51-90.

Ghani, A. J., & Deshpande, P. S. (1994). Task characteristics and the experience of optimal flow in human-computer interaction. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 128(4), 381-391.

Grieve, R., Padgett, C. R., & Moffitt, R. L. (2016). Assignments 2.0: The role of social presence and computer attitudes in student preferences for online versus offline marking. The Internet and Higher Education, 28, 8-16.

Guénin-Paracini, H., Malsch, B., & Paillé, A. M. (2014). Fear and risk in the audit process. Accounting, Organizations and Socie-ty, 39(4), 264-288.

Guo, Z., Xiao, L., Van Toorn, C., Lai, Y., & Seo, C. (2016). Promoting online learners’ continuance intention: an integrated flow framework. Information and Management, 53(2), 279-295.

Haines, R. (2020). Activity awareness, social presence, and motiva-tion in distributed virtual teams. Information & Management, 58(2), 103425.

Hamid, A. A., Razak, F. Z. A., Bakar, A. A., & Abdullah, W. S. W. (2016). The effects of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on continuance intention to use e-government. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 644-649.

Han, H., Koo, C., & Chung, N. (2016). Implication of the fit between Airbnb and host characteristics: a trust-transfer perspective. Paper presented at the Annual International Conference on Electronic Commerce: e-Commerce in Smart connected World, Suwon, Republic of Korea.

Han, S. L., An, M., Han, J. J., & Lee, J. (2020). Telepresence, time distortion, and consumer traits of virtual reality shop-ping. Journal of Business Research, 118, 311-320.

Han, S., Min, J., & Lee, H. (2015). Antecedents of social presence and gratification of social connection needs in SNS: a study of Twitter users and their mobile and non-mobile us-age. International Journal of Information Management, 35(4), 459-471.

Hassanein, K., & Head, M. (2007). Manipulating perceived social presence through the web interface and its impact on attitude towards online shopping. International Journal of Hu-man-Computer Studies, 65(8), 689-708.

Hausman, A. V., & Siekpe, J. S. (2009). The effect of web interface features on consumer online purchase intentions. Journal of Business Research, 62(1), 5-13.

Hendrix, C., & Barfield, W. (1996). The sense of presence within au-ditory virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 5(3), 290-301.

Ho, L. A., & Kuo, T. H. (2010). How can one amplify the effect of e-learning? An examination of high-tech employees’ computer attitude and flow experience. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(1), 23-31.

Hoffman, D. L., & Novak, T. P. (1996). Marketing in hypermedia computer-mediated environments: conceptual founda-tions. Journal of Marketing, 60(3), 50-68.

Hogg, M., & Vaughan, G. (2005). Social psychology (4th ed.). Lon-don: Prentice Hall.

Hong, J. C., Tsai, C. R., Hsiao, H. S., Chen, P. H., Chu, K. C., Gu, J., & Sitthiworachart, J. (2019). The effect of the “Predic-tion-observation-quiz-explanation” inquiry-based e-learning model on flow experience in green energy learning. Computers & Education, 133, 127-138.

Howe, L. C., & Krosnick, J. A. (2017). Attitude strength. Annual Re-view of Psychology, 68(1), 327-351.

Hsiao, C. H., & Tang, K. Y. (2021). Who captures whom–Pokémon or tourists? A perspective of the Stimulus-Organism-Response model. International Journal of Information Management, 61, 102312.

Hsu, C. L., Chen, M. C., Chang, K. C., & Chao, C. M. (2010). Apply-ing loss aversion to investigate service quality in logistics: A moderating effect of service convenience. International Jour-nal of Operations & Production Management, 30(5), 508-525.

Hsu, C. L., Chen, Y. C., Yang, T. N., & Lin, W. K. (2017). Do website features matter in an online gamification context? Focusing on the mediating roles of user experience and attitude. Telematics and Informatics, 34(4), 196-205.

Huang, G., & Ren, Y. (2020). Linking technological functions of fit-ness mobile apps with continuance usage among Chinese users: Moderating role of exercise self-efficacy. Computers in Human Behavior, 103, 151-160.

Huang, H. C., Huang, L. S., Chou, Y. J., & Teng, C. I. (2017). Influ-ence of temperament and character on online gamer loyalty: Perspectives from personality and flow theories. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 398-406.

Huang, Y. C., Backman, S. J., & Backman, K. F. (2010). Student at-titude toward virtual learning in second life: A flow theory ap-proach. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 10(4), 312-334.

Hur, H. J., Lee, H. K., & Choo, H. J. (2017). Understanding usage in-tention in innovative mobile app service: comparison between millennial and mature consumers. Computers in Human Be-havior, 73, 353-361.

Hyun, H., Thavisay, T., & Lee, S. H. (2022). Enhancing the role of flow experience in social media usage and its impact on shop-ping. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 65, 102492.

Jackson, S. A., & Marsh, H. W. (1996). Development and validation of a scale to measure optimal experience: The Flow State Scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18(1), 17-35.

Jiang, C., Rashid, R. M., & Wang, J. (2019). Investigating the role of social presence dimensions and information support on con-sumers’ trust and shopping intentions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 51, 263-270.

Jung, G. O., & Choi, G. Y. (2014). Effect of dental hygiene students' major flow experience on career attitude maturity. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 14(6), 281-287.

Kasilingam, D. L. (2020). Understanding the attitude and intention to use smartphone chatbots for shopping. Technology in Socie-ty, 62, 101280.

Kang, M., Jang, J., & Yoon, S. (2017). The predictability of science experience, school support and learning flow on the attitude of scientific inquiry in physical computing education. Journal of the Korean Association of information Education, 21(1), 41-55.

Kim, C., Mirusmonov, M., & Lee, I. (2010). An empirical examina-tion of factors influencing the intention to use mobile pay-ment. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), 310-322.

Kim, D., & Ko, Y. J. (2019). The impact of virtual reality (VR) tech-nology on sport spectators' flow experience and satisfac-tion. Computers in Human Behavior, 93, 346-356.

Kim, J., Xu, K., & Kelly, S. (2022). Perceived credibility of an AI in-structor in online education: The role of social presence and voice features. Computers in Human Behavior, 136, 107383.

Kim, J. J., Han, H., & Ariza-Montes, A. (2021). The impact of hotel attributes, well-being perception, and attitudes on brand loyalty: Examining the moderating role of COVID-19 pandem-ic. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 62, 102634.

Kim, M. (2022). How can I Be as attractive as a Fitness YouTuber in the era of COVID-19 ? The impact of digital attributes on flow experience, satisfaction, and behavioral intention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 64, 102778.

Kim, M., & Thapa, B. (2018). Perceived value and flow experience: Application in a nature-based tourism context. Journal of Des-tination Marketing & Management, 8, 373-384.

Klein, L. R. (2003). Creating virtual product experiences: The role of telepresence. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 17(1), 41-55.

Kotler, P. (2000). Marketing Management (10th ed.). New Jersey: Prentict-Hall.

Kreijns, K., Van Acker, F., Vermeulen, M., & Van Buuren, H. (2014). Community of inquiry: Social presence revisited. E-learning and Digital Media, 11(1), 5-18.

Ledbetter, A. M., & Meisner, C. (2021). Extending the personal branding affordances typology to parasocial interaction with public figures on social media: Social presence and media mul-tiplexity as mediators. Computers in Human Behavior, 115, 106610.

Lee, M., Lee, S. A., Jeong, M., & Oh, H. (2020). Quality of virtual reality and its impacts on behavioral intention. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90, 102595.

Lim, J., & Ayyagari, R. (2018). Investigating the determinants of telepresence in the e-commerce setting. Computers in Human Behavior, 85, 360-371.

Lim, X. J., Cheah, J. H., Ng, S. I., Basha, N. K., & Liu, Y. (2021). Are men from Mars, women from Venus? Examining gender dif-ferences towards continuous use intention of branded apps. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 60, 102422.

Limayem, M., & Cheung, C. M. (2008). Understanding information systems continuance: The case of Internet-based learning tech-nologies. Information & Management, 45(4), 227-232.

Lin, Z., & Filieri, R. (2015). Airline passengers’ continuance inten-tion towards online check-in services: The role of personal in-novativeness and subjective knowledge. Transportation Re-search Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 81, 158-168.

Liu, H., & Song, X. (2021). Exploring “Flow” in young Chinese EFL learners’ online English learning activities. System, 96, 102425.

Liu, H., Chu, H., Huang, Q., & Chen, X. (2016). Enhancing the flow experience of consumers in China through interpersonal inter-action in social commerce. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 306-314.

Liu, K. N., Hu, C., Lin, M. C., Tsai, T. I., & Xiao, Q. (2020). Brand knowledge and non-financial brand performance in the green restaurants: Mediating effect of brand attitude. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 89, 102566.

Lu, B., Fan, W., & Zhou, M. (2016). Social presence, trust, and social commerce purchase intention: An empirical re-search. Computers in Human Behavior, 56, 225-237.

Lu, H. H., Lin, W. S., Raphael, C., & Wen, M. J. (2022). A study in-vestigating user adoptive behavior and the continuance inten-tion to use mobile health applications during the COVID-19 pandemic era: Evidence from the telemedicine applications uti-lized in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Management Review. In Press, Corrected Proof.

Lu, Y. H., Zhang, J., Zhang, H., Xiao, X., Liu, P., Zhuang, M., & Hu, M. (2021). Flow in soundscape: the conceptualization of soundscape flow experience and its relationship with sound-scape perception and behaviour intention in tourism destina-tions. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(13), 2090-2108.

Masukujjaman, M., Alam, S. S., Siwar, C., & Halim, S. A. (2021). Purchase intention of renewable energy technology in rural ar-eas in Bangladesh: Empirical evidence. Renewable Energy, 170, 639-651.

Mehrabian, A. and Russel. J. A. (1974). An approach to environmen-tal psychology. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Mo, C. Y., Hsieh, T. H., Lin, C. L., Jin, Y. Q., & Su, Y. S. (2021). Ex-ploring the critical factors, the online learning continuance us-age during COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 13(10), 5471.

Molinillo, S., Aguilar-Illescas, R., Anaya-Sánchez, R., & Valles-pín-Arán, M. (2018). Exploring the impacts of interactions, so-cial presence and emotional engagement on active collabora-tive learning in a social web-based environment. Computers & Education, 123, 41-52.

Mollen, A., & Wilson, H. (2010). Engagement, telepresence and in-teractivity in online consumer experience: Reconciling scho-lastic and managerial perspectives. Journal of Business Re-search, 63(9-10), 919-925.

Moneta, G. B., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). The effect of per-ceived challenges and skills on the quality of subjective expe-rience. Journal of Personality, 64(2), 275-310.

Mota, F. P. B., & Cilento, I. (2020). Competence for internet use: In-tegrating knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Computers and Edu-cation Open, 1, 100015.

Nadeem, W., Khani, A. H., Schultz, C. D., Adam, N. A., Attar, R. W., & Hajli, N. (2020). How social presence drives commitment and loyalty with online brand communities? the role of social commerce trust. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Ser-vices, 55, 102136.

Nardi, B. A., Whittaker, S., & Bradner, E. (2000, December). Interac-tion and outeraction: Instant messaging in action. In Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer sup-ported cooperative work (pp. 79-88).

Nesset, E., & Helgesen, Ø. (2014). Effects of switching costs on cus-tomer attitude loyalty to an airport in a multi-airport re-gion. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 67, 240-253.

Nikou, S. A. (2021). Web-based videoconferencing for teaching online: Continuance intention to use in the post-COVID-19 pe-riod. Interaction Design and Architecture, 47, 123-143.

Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? Journal of Market-ing, 63(4) 33-44.

Bodur, H. O., Brinberg, D., & Coupey, E. (2000). Belief, affect, and attitude: Alternative models of the determinants of atti-tude. Journal of consumer Psychology, 9(1), 17-28.

Osei-Frimpong, K., & McLean, G. (2018). Examining online social brand engagement: A social presence theory perspec-tive. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 128, 10-21.

Ou, C. X., Pavlou, P. A., & Davison, R. M. (2014). Swift guanxi in online marketplaces: The role of computer-mediated commu-nication technologies. MIS Quarterly, 38(1), 209-230.

Park, N., Rhoads, M., Hou, J., & Lee, K. M. (2014). Understanding the acceptance of teleconferencing systems among employees: An extension of the technology acceptance model. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 118-127.

Pearce, J. M., Ainley, M., & Howard, S. (2005). The ebb and flow of online learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 21(5), 745-771.

Peifer, C., Schulz, A., Schächinger, H., Baumann, N., & Antoni, C. H. (2014). The relation of flow-experience and physiological arousal under stress-can u shape it? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 53, 62-69.

Pelet, J. É., Ettis, S., & Cowart, K. (2017). Optimal experience of flow enhanced by telepresence: Evidence from social media use. Information & Management, 54(1), 115-128.

Pomfret, G. (2006). Mountaineering adventure tourists: a conceptual framework for research. Tourism Management, 27(1), 113-123.

Poushneh, A. (2021). Humanizing voice assistant: The impact of voice assistant personality on consumers’ attitudes and behav-iors. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58, 102283.

Rosenberg-Kima, R. B., Baylor, A. L., Plant, E. A., & Doerr, C. E. (2008). Interface agents as social models for female students: The effects of agent visual presence and appearance on female students’ attitudes and beliefs. Computers in Human Behav-ior, 24(6), 2741-2756.

Puriwat, W., & Tripopsakul, S. (2021). The impact of e-learning quality on student satisfaction and continuance usage intentions during covid-19. International Journal of Information and Ed-ucation Technology, 11(8), 368-374.

Rice, R. E. (1993). Media appropriateness: Using social presence theory to compare traditional and new organizational me-dia. Human Communication Research, 19(4), 451-484.

Richardson, J. C., Maeda, Y., Lv, J., & Caskurlu, S. (2017). Social presence in relation to students' satisfaction and learning in the online environment: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 402-417.

Roca, J. C., & Gagné, M. (2008). Understanding e-learning continu-ance intention in the workplace: A self-determination theory perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(4), 1585-1604.

Schierz, P. G., Schilke, O., & Wirtz, B. W. (2010). Understanding consumer acceptance of mobile payment services: An empirical analysis. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 9(3), 209-216.

Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (1994). Consumer behavior. Eng-lewood- Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Schloerb, D. W. (1995). A quantitative measure of telepresence. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environ-ments, 4(1), 64-80.

Sheridan, T. B. (1992). Musings on telepresence and virtual pres-ence. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 1(1), 120-126.

Shih, C. F. (1998). Conceptualizing consumer experiences in cyber-space. European Journal of Marketing, 32(7/8), 655-663.

Shin, M., Song, S. W., Kim, S. J., & Biocca, F. (2019). The effects of 3D sound in a 360-degree live concert video on social presence, parasocial interaction, enjoyment, and intent of financial sup-portive action. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 126, 81-93.

Short, J., Williams, E., & Christie, B. (1976). The social psychology of telecommunications. New York: Wiley.

Skadberg, Y. X., & Kimmel, J. R. (2004). Visitors’ flow experience while browsing a Web site: its measurement, contributing fac-tors and consequences. Computers in Human Behavior, 20(3), 403-422.

Slater, M., Usoh, M., & Steed, A. (1994). Depth of presence in virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environ-ments, 3(2), 130-144.

Spielmann, N., & Mantonakis, A. (2018). In virtuo: How user-driven interactivity in virtual tours leads to attitude change. Journal of Business Research, 88, 255-264.

Steuer, J. (1992). Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence. Journal of communication, 42(4), 73-93.

Suh, K. S., & Chang, S. (2006). User interfaces and consumer per-ceptions of online stores: The role of telepresence. Behaviour & Information Technology, 25(2), 99-113.

Taghizadeh, S. K., Rahman, S. A., Nikbin, D., Alam, M. M. D., Alexa, L., Suan, C. L., & Taghizadeh, S. (2021). Factors influencing students’ continuance usage intention with online learning dur-ing the pandemic: a cross-country analysis. Behaviour & In-formation Technology, 41(9), 1998-2017.

Tambyah, S. K. (1996). Life on the Net: the Reconstruction of Self and Community. In NA - Advances in Consumer Research Volume 23, eds. Kim P. Corfman and John G. Lynch Jr., Provo, UT : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 172-177.

Taufik, N., & Hanafiah, M. H. (2019). Airport passengers' adoption behaviour towards self-check-in Kiosk Services: the roles of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and need for human interaction. Heliyon, 5(12), e02960.

Triandis, H. C. (1971). Attitude and attitude change. New York: Wiley.

Tu, C. H. (2002). The measurement of social presence in an online learning environment. International Journal on E-learning, 1(2), 34-45.

Tu, C. H., & McIsaac, M. (2002). The relationship of social presence and interaction in online classes. The American Journal of Dis-tance Education, 16(3), 131-150.

Tuncer, İ. (2021). The relationship between IT affordance, flow expe-rience, trust, and social commerce intention: An exploration using the SOR paradigm. Technology in Society, 65, 101567.

Venkatesh, V., & Bala, H. (2008). Technology acceptance model 3 and a research agenda on interventions. Decision Sciences, 39(2), 273-315.

Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field stud-ies. Management Science, 46(2), 186-204.

Walther, J. B. (1992). Interpersonal effects in computer-mediated in-teraction: A relational perspective. Communication Re-search, 19(1), 52-90.

Wang, J., Shen, M., & Chu, M. (2021). Why is green consumption easier said than done? Exploring the green consumption atti-tude-intention gap in China with behavioral reasoning theo-ry. Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 2, 100015.

Wang, J., Yuan, G. F., Shi, X., Tang, A., & Shi, W. (2022). Factors influencing attitudes toward cyber-counseling among China's Generation Z: A structural equation model. Archives of Psychi-atric Nursing, 40, 124-131.
Wang, L., Yan, J., Lin, J., & Cui, W. (2017). Let the users tell the truth: Self-disclosure intention and self-disclosure honesty in mobile social networking. International Journal of Information Management, 37(1), 1428-1440.

Wang, T., Lin, C. L., & Su, Y. S. (2021). Continuance intention of university students and online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a modified expectation confirmation model perspec-tive. Sustainability, 13(8), 4586.

Wang, X., Liu, T., Wang, J., & Tian, J. (2022). Understanding learner continuance intention: A comparison of live video learning, pre-recorded video learning and hybrid video learning in COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Hu-man-Computer Interaction, 38(3), 263-281.

Wang, Y., & Chaipoopirutana, S. (2020). A model for evaluating online game players: a study of enjoyment, interaction, flow experience, and motivation towards attitude and intention be-havior in China. In Proceedings of AU Virtual International Conference Entrepreneurship and Sustainability in the Digital Era (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 25-43).

Wang, Y., Asaad, Y., & Filieri, R. (2020). What makes hosts trust Airbnb? Antecedents of hosts’ trust toward Airbnb and its im-pact on continuance intention. Journal of Travel Re-search, 59(4), 686-703.

Wang, Z., Yang, X., & Zhang, X. (2020). Relationships among bore-dom proneness, sensation seeking and smartphone addiction among Chinese college students: Mediating roles of pastime, flow experience and self-regulation. Technology in Society, 62, 101319.

Weber, M., Viehmann, C., Ziegele, M., & Schemer, C. (2020). Online hate does not stay online–how implicit and explicit attitudes mediate the effect of civil negativity and hate in user comments on prosocial behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 104, 106192.

Webster, J., Trevino, L. K., & Ryan, L. (1993). The dimensionality and correlates of flow in human-computer interac-tions. Computers in Human Behavior, 9(4), 411-426.

Weidlich, J., & Bastiaens, T. J. (2019). Designing sociable online learning environments and enhancing social presence: An af-fordance enrichment approach. Computers & Education, 142, 103622.

Weinel, M., Bannert, M., Zumbach, J., Hoppe, H. U., & Malzahn, N. (2011). A closer look on social presence as a causing factor in computer-mediated collaboration. Computers in Human Be-havior, 27(1), 513-521.

Welch, R. B., Blackmon, T. T., Liu, A., Mellers, B. A., & Stark, L. W. (1996). The effects of pictorial realism, delay of visual feed-back, and observer interactivity on the subjective sense of presence. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environ-ments, 5(3), 263-273.

Westmyer, S. A., DiCioccio, R. L., & Rubin, R. B. (1998). Appropri-ateness and effectiveness of communication channels in com-petent interpersonal communication. Journal of Communica-tion, 48(3), 27-48.

Wu, L., Chiu, M. L., & Chen, K. W. (2020). Defining the determi-nants of online impulse buying through a shopping process of integrating perceived risk, expectation-confirmation model, and flow theory issues. International Journal of Information Management, 52, 102099.

Wut, T. M., Wong, H. S. M., & Sum, C. K. M. (2022). A study of con-tinuance use intention of an on online learning system after Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic outbreak. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 1-15.

Yan, M., Filieri, R., & Gorton, M. (2021A). Continuance intention of online technologies: A systematic literature re-view. International Journal of Information Management, 58, 102315.

Yan, M., Filieri, R., Raguseo, E., & Gorton, M. (2021B). Mobile apps for healthy living: Factors influencing continuance intention for health apps. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166, 120644.

Ye, S., Lei, S. I., Shen, H., & Xiao, H. (2020). Social presence, telepresence and customers’ intention to purchase online peer-to-peer accommodation: A mediating model. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 42, 119-129.

Ye, S., Ying, T., Zhou, L., & Wang, T. (2019). Enhancing customer trust in peer-to-peer accommodation: A “soft” strategy via so-cial presence. International Journal of Hospitality Manage-ment, 79, 1-10.

Yoo, Y., & Alavi, M. (2001). Media and group cohesion: Relative in-fluences on social presence, task participation, and group con-sensus. MIS Quarterly, 371-390.

Zafeer (2022). ONLINE E-LEARNING STATISTICS & TRENDS FOR 2022 [Online]. Available: https://www.websiterating.com/research/online-learning-statistics/ [2022, July 21].

Zaremohzzabieh, Z., Ismail, N., Ahrari, S., & Samah, A. A. (2021). The effects of consumer attitude on green purchase intention: A meta-analytic path analysis. Journal of Business Research, 132, 732-743.

Zhao, Y., Wang, A., & Sun, Y. (2020). Technological environment, virtual experience, and MOOC continuance: A stimu-lus-organism-response perspective. Computers & Educa-tion, 144, 103721.

Zhou, T. (2013). The effect of flow experience on user adoption of mobile TV. Behaviour & Information Technology, 32(3), 263-272.

Zou, W., Hu, X., Pan, Z., Li, C., Cai, Y., & Liu, M. (2021). Exploring the relationship between social presence and learners’ prestige in MOOC discussion forums using automated content analysis and social network analysis. Computers in Human Behav-ior, 115, 106582.