Abstracts
The object of counseling is human beings. To better serve these people, counselors need to improve their counseling capabilities by integrating themselves with philosophical concepts and providing tailored consultation assistance based on the characteristics of the people who seek it. This dissertation attempts to conduct dialogue and exchanges based on Zhuangzi's view of human beings and the transcendental method proposed by philosophical counseling, using it as counseling theory and application in practical work. The view of human beings, is a philosophy of life analysis of man himself or an exploration of the issue of "what makes man human". The research method uses methods such as text interpretation, connection and philosophical construction to faithfully interpret the original classics and draw materials from the original classics to respond to modern life issues. It is demonstrated by four aspects: philosophical counseling and its transcendence, human nature, human dilemma, and the transcendence of Zhuangzi's view of human beings.
Zhuangzi's philosophy of human outlook is based on the metaphysical foundation, the thought of "Tao". "Tao" is expressed in the "virtue" of human beings. The expressions and characteristics that illustrate the source of human value also come from "Tao". Although "Tao" is intangible and invisible, people have the awareness and understanding of inner self-examination to see the Tao in their nature. Zhuangzi revealed that people living in the world have their limitations, that is, life dilemmas such as: doubts about life and death, joy and sadness through their gains and losses, disputes of right and wrong, among other issues. Zhuangzi believes that people will encounter difficulties in life, and the human soul and spirit can be integrated internally and externally. He once said that the heart "does not care about all things, does not condemn right and wrong, and is in harmony with the world." ("Tian Xia") reminds us that we live in a world of ever-changing conditions and should draw the focus into our own hearts. Zhuangzi’s method first examines whether we focus on the outside world and neglect to take care of our own hearts. If the heart returns to remain at ease, then happiness lies in the world. Zhuangzi’s perspective on human beings serves as a guide to navigate the world.
Zhuangzi's view of human beings involves his views on Xin、Xing、Qing. This dissertation uses it to analyze the four major issues that modern people are concerned about: interpersonal relationships, worries about gains and losses, confusion about life and death, and how people cope with and overcome these dilemmas. Here we would like to explore both Zhuangzi's transcendental theory of human beings and philosophical counseling practice and application, to see which ideas can be best integrated for a more comprehensive approach to philosophical counseling. The structure and content of this dissertation are intended to use the philosophy of Zhuangzi's outlook on life as a reference for contemporary philosophical counseling. I hope this dissertation will be helpful to modern counselors so that they may better serve their clients when they encounter difficulties in life.
Keywords：Zhuangzi, Human Beings, Transcendence, Philosophical Counseling, Metaphysic, Tao, Essence, Spirit, Soul, Human dilemma