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題名：西塞羅與馬基維利論政治道德
書刊名：政治科學論叢
作者：蕭高彥 引用關係
作者(外文)：Shaw, Carl K. Y.
出版日期：2002
卷期：16
頁次：頁1-27
主題關鍵詞：西塞羅；馬基維利；政治道德；人性；Cicero；Machiavelli；Political ethics
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(2) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:21
  • 點閱點閱:43
　　　　　本文以西塞羅的《論義務》為本分析古典人文主義的政治道德觀，並檢討馬基維利所提出的批判以及理論建構。我們首先論述西塞羅所提出的「高尚性」與「效益」二元架構，及其對政治德行之分析。然後在此基礎上，進一步探討馬基維利如何就政治領域的「必要性」所需之有效真理，建構全新的政治道德論。對二者之文本與理據作詳細比較分析後，我們於結論提出兩種不同形態的政治道德觀：一為規範論，另一則為秩序論。西塞羅以自然法為本，並用法學試論證來解決價值衝突，乃規範論之典範 ;馬基維利則關注在無秩序的腐化狀態中，政治行動者如何創造政治秩序以及其所應依循之行動準則，乃現代秩序論之鼻祖，並對西洋近代政治思想的發展產生了深遠影響。
　　　　　This article compares Cicero's humanitarian idea of social ethics with Machiavelli's political ethics. Cicero's analysis of virtues, which is based on the distinction between honestum and utilitas, is examined in detail. Machiavelli overthrow Cicero's classical framework by highlighting necessitas as the central category in the political arena, so as to reformulate all four cardinal virtues advocated by Cicero. Based on Hannah Arendt's perspective, I contend that Cicero and Machiavelli represent two paradigms about political ethics in the Western political thought: ethics of norms versus ethics of order. Cicero's theories of natural law and juristic resolution of value conflicts presuppose a set of well-ordered social norms, while Machiavelli's focus on founding and reforming political community brings forth the issue of creation of order out of corruption. The distinction between ethics of norms and ethics of order would thus provide a fruitful framework to interpret the originality of Machiavelli's political ethics.
期刊論文
1.蕭高彥(19980600)。馬基維利論政治秩序--一個形上學的考察。政治科學論叢，9，145-171。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.陳思賢(19990600)。近代自由主義政治的古典前驅：希臘化時代反城邦政治與自然法的興起。政治科學論叢，10，195-225。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Colish, M.(1978)。Cicero's De Officiis and Machiavelli's Prince。Sixteenth Century Journal，9(4)，81-93。  new window
圖書
1.Arendt, Hannah(1973)。On Revolution。Penguin Books Ltd.。  new window
2.Cicero, Marcus Tullius、Griffin, Miriam T.、Atkins, E. Margaret(1991)。On Duties。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Pocock, John Greville Agard(1975)。The Machiavellian Movement: Florentine Political Thought And The Atlantic Republican Tradition。Princeton, New Jersey：Princeton University Press。  new window
4.馬基維利(1994)。君主論。北京：商務。  延伸查詢new window
5.Machiavelli, Niccolò、Mansfield, Harvey C.、Tarcov, Nathan(1996)。Discourses on Livy。University of Chicago Press。  new window
6.Skinner, Quentin(1978)。The Foundations of Modern Political Thought。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
7.Viroli, M.(1998)。Machiavelli。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
8.Pocock, J. G. A.、Pocock, John G. A.(1985)。Virtue, Commerce, and History.。Virtue, Commerce, and History。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.。  new window
9.Arendt, Hannah(1977)。Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought。Penguin Books。  new window
10.Skinner, Quentin(1978)。The Foundations of Modern Political Thought。Cambridge, UK：Cambridge University Press。  new window
11.Skinner, Quentin(1996)。Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes。Cambridge University Press。  new window
12.Hegel, Georg F.、Nisbet, H.(1991)。Elements of the Philosophy of Right。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
13.Arendt, Hannah(1958)。The Human Condition。University of Chicago Press。  new window
14.Wood, Neal(1988)。Cicero's Social and Political Thought。University of California Press。  new window
15.Cicero, M. T.(1976)。De invention, De Optiomo Genere Oratorum, Topica。De invention, De Optiomo Genere Oratorum, Topica。Cambridge, MA。  new window
16.Cicero, M. T.(1990)。De Officiis。De Officiis。Cambridge, MA。  new window
17.Meinecke, F.(1962)。Machiavellism. The Doctrine of Raison d'Etat and Its Place in Modern History。Machiavellism. The Doctrine of Raison d'Etat and Its Place in Modern History。New Haven。  new window
18.Kahn, V.(1994)。Machiavellian Rhetoric: From the Counter-Reformation to Milton。Princeton：Princeton University Press。  new window
19.Fuhrmann, M.(1992)。Cicero and the Roman Republic。Oxford：Blackwell。  new window
20.De Alvarez, L. P. S.(1999)。The Machiavellian Enterprise。DeKalb, IL：Northern University Press。  new window
21.Machiavelli, N.(1985)。The Prince。The Prince。Chicago, IL。  new window
22.王煥生(1999)。論義務。論義務。北京。  延伸查詢new window
23.Cicero, M. T.(1999)。On the Commonwealth and the Laws。On the Commonwealth and the Laws。Cambridge。  new window
24.Mansfield, Harvey C.(1996)。Machiavelli's Virtue。Chicago, IL：University of Chicago Press。  new window
25.Wirszubski, C.(1968)。Libertas as Political Idea at Rome During the Late Republic and Early Principate。Libertas as Political Idea at Rome During the Late Republic and Early Principate。Cambridge。  new window
26.Gilbert, A.(1968)。Machiavelli's Prince and Its Forerunners。Machiavelli's Prince and Its Forerunners。New York, NY。  new window
27.De Grazia, S.(1989)。Machiavelli in Hell。Princeton：Princeton University Press。  new window
28.Croce, B.(1946)。Politics and Morals。London, UK：George Allen ＆ Unwin。  new window
29.Kahn, V.、Ascoli, A. R.(1993)。Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature。Itasca, IL：Cornell University Press。  new window
30.Cicero, M. T.(1989)。Ad C. Herennium Libri IV de Ratione Dicendi (Rhetorica ad Herennium)。Ad C. Herennium Libri IV de Ratione Dicendi (Rhetorica ad Herennium)。Cambridge, MA。  new window
31.Earl, D.(1967)。The Moral and Political Tradition of Rome。Itasca, IL：Cornell University Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Berlin, Isaiah(1981)。The Originality of Machiavelli。Against the Current。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
2.Skinner, Quentin(1984)。The Idea of Negative Liberty: Philosophical and Historical Perspectives。Philosophy in History: Essays on the Historiography of Philosophy。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.蔡英文(1999)。古典共和之市民社會概念與奧古斯丁政治神學的解釋。法政哲學。  延伸查詢new window
4.DiMaggio, P. J.、Powell, W. W.(1991)。Introduction。The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis。Chicago：The University of Chicago Press。  new window
5.Skinner, Quentin(1986)。The Paradoxes of Political liberty。The Tanner Lectures on Human Values。University of Utah Press。  new window
6.張旺山(1995)。馬基維理革命：「國家理性」觀念初探之一。政治社群。臺北：中央研究院中山人文社會科學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
7.Skinner, Q.(1990)。The Republican Idea of Political Liberty。Machiavelli and Republicanism。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.Skinner, Q.、Price, R.(1988)。Notes on the Vocabulary of The Prince。The Prince。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
9.Skinner, Q.、Price, R.(1988)。Introduction。The Prince。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
10.Long, A. A.(1995)。Cicero's Politics in De Officiis。Justice and Generosity。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
11.Held, K.(1996)。Civic Prudence in Machiavelli: Toward the Paradigm in the Transformation in Philosophy in the Transition to Modernity。The Ancients and the Moderns。Indiana：Indiana University Press。  new window
12.Gilbert, F.(1997)。The Humanist Concept of the Prince and The Prince of Machiavelli。Machiavelli。Cheltenham, UK：Edward Elgar。  new window
13.Bobbio, N.(2000)。Ethics and Politics。In Praise of Meekness: Essays on Ethics and Politics。Cambridge：Polity, Press。  new window
14.Atkins, E. M.(2000)。Cicero。The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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