目前許多國民小學大力推動知識管理，學校高層也日益重視知識管理活動之執行，期則藉由推動知識管理活動以提升學校效能。但在執行知識管理時會因某些障礙因素，導致知識管理缺口的產生，這些缺口有可能會影響學校效能；係故，本研究利用文獻探討、專家訪談以及問卷調查，辨識出國民小學推動知識管理時出現的五類缺口，並由問卷資料分析中確認學校效能顯著地被這些知識管理缺口影響。此外，為求研究結論及建議更能貼近國民小學之需求，本研究續採個案訪談方式，訪談目前實施知識管理之國民小學的核心執行人員，透過統計分析資料與訪談資料的整合，針對缺口影響學校效能方式及因應之道提出建言，期則透過改善知識管理活動，進而有效提升學校效能。

It is the right time for elementary schools to put knowledge management （KM） into practice, and the school leaders also put more emphasis on the knowledge management activities. They hope to improve school effectiveness through impelling knowledge management activities. But when implementing knowledge management, there are some obstacles leading to gaps which probably influence school effectiveness. Therefore, through literature review, expert interviews and questionnaire, this study identifies five knowledge management gaps in elementary schools. The investigation results of this study also reveals that school effectiveness is significantly influenced by these management gaps. To make the suggestions correspondence to the need of schools, this study also interview the core executive staff in implementing knowledge management in some elementary schools. After combining the statistics and interview results, this study propose how knowledge management gaps affect school effectiveness and how managers eliminate the gaps. We expect the improvement of knowledge management activities can enhance school effectives more effectively.