目標：本研究是在全面實施清潔針具計畫後，探討影響警察參與此計畫的意願及其相關因素。方法：採橫斷式研究法，便利取樣南部七縣市參與清潔針具計畫說明會之警察，其參與清潔針具計畫的意願為本研究的依變項，分為「主動積極配合（主動積極）」、「政策命令只好配合（配合政策）」和「非常不願意配合（無意願）」三個類別。以結構式問卷採匿名自填方式收集資料，包括基本資料、「愛滋病及肝炎知識量表」、「對毒癮者認知態度量表」及「緝捕毒癮者之工作經驗量表」。結果：說明會共745位警察參與，有效問卷為467份（回收率為62.7%）。研究發現警察主動積極者超過半數(56%)，無意願參與清潔針具計畫者只有19人(4.3%)。相較無意願參與者，預測警察主動積極配合清潔針具計畫的因素為愛滋病及肝炎知識的得分較高(OR,1.27；95%CI, 1.07-1.51; p<0.01)、與毒癮者共處態度較自在(OR, 1.24; 95%CI, 1.06-1.45; p<0.01)、年齡較長(OR, 1.12, 95%CI, 1.02-1.22; p<0.05)、對毒癮者個人態度傾向其行為是有害的且危害健康(OR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.78-0.99; p<0.05)以及被嫌犯血液噴濺的經驗較少(OR, 0.44;95%CI, 0.21-0.90; p<0.05)。結論：建議衛生主管機關應對警察加強宣導愛滋病／肝炎、藥物濫用／成癮及毒癮愛滋減害計畫相關的知識，並教導基層警察意外曝觸血／體液的預防措施、後續處理及追蹤的重要，以期提高警察主動積極參與清潔針具計畫的意願。

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors associated with the willingness of policemen to participate in needle exchange programs in Taiwan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among policemen who attended an introductory program about needle exchange programs in seven counties of southern Taiwan. Anonymous, voluntary questionnaires were distributed to the policemen. These included scales for assessing knowledge and attitude toward HIV and hepatitis, attitudes toward injection drug users (IDUs), and experiences during drug crackdowns. Results: A total of 745 policemen attended introductory programs. Of the 467 respondents (62.7% of the survey sample), fifty-six percent of the policmen (n=247) were willing to actively participate in the needle exchange programs. Compared to the unwilling participants, policemen willing to actively participate in the needle exchange programs: had higher scores on knowledge of HIV and hepatitis (OR, 1.27; 95%CI, 1.07-1.51; p<0.01), felt comfortable being with IDUs (OR, 1.24; 95%CI, 1.06-1.45; p<0.01), were older (OR, 1.12, 95%CI, 1.02-1.22; p<0.05), had a negative attitude toward IDUs (OR, 0.88 ; 95%CI, 0.78-0.99; p<0.05), and experienced fewer episodes of splattering by suspect’s blood (OR, 0.44; 95%CI, 0.21-0.90; p<0.05). Conclusions: It is important for policemen to improve their knowledge about HIV and hepatitis, and about ways to prevent occupational exposure to bloodborne transmitted viruses. A comprehensive and effective post-exposure protocol is essential in order to minimize the risk of occupational bloodborne viral infections for policemen and to enhance their willingness to actively participate in needle exchange programs.