美國反恐戰爭的本質與戰略溝通__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	美國反恐戰爭的本質與戰略溝通
書刊名：	復興崗學報
作者：	段復初／莫大華
作者(外文)：	Dawn, Fu-chu／Mo, Ta-hua
出版日期：	2009
卷期：	94
頁次：	頁1-21
主題關鍵詞：	政治作戰；理念戰爭；反恐戰爭；戰略溝通；公共外交；Political warfare；War of ideas；War on terror；Strategic communication；Public diplomacy
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:4 共同引用:0 點閱:69

911攻擊事件之後，美國布希政府推動全球反恐戰爭，嘗試以冷戰時期的政治作戰概念作為其大戰略的基礎，統攝政治、經濟、軍事與外交等各種國家力量，以獲取反恐戰爭的勝利。美國政府認為反恐戰爭是理念作戰，必須藉由協調一致的戰略溝通反制恐怖份子的理念宣傳，並提升美國的形象，以獲得理念戰爭的勝利。因此，美國布希政府藉由戰略溝通的政策協調機制與措施，整合政府內部的國際宣傳資源向世界（尤其是伊斯蘭世界）傳達訊息及塑造良好形象。戰略溝通遂成為贏取反恐戰爭的政治作戰與理念戰爭之根本，但是這就能贏得反恐戰爭勝利嗎？

以文找文

After the 911 terrorists attack, George W. Bush Administration has promoted the Global War on Terror, tried to win the war through the political warfare which was the fundamental of grand strategy in Cold War. It consists of political, economic, military and diplomatic instruments and has won the Cold War. Bush administration has considered the War on Terror is a war of ideas, if America wants to win the war, and then must counter the terrorist's propagandas of their ideas by the integrated strategic communication. Therefore, Bush Administration established the strategic communication policy coordinated mechanism and measures, to integrate the resources of international communication within the Administration for delivery of messages and good images to the world, particularly the Islam world. Strategic communication becomes the essentials of winning the political warfare and war of ideas in the War on Terror, but can it win?

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Biener, Hansjoerg(200303)。The Arrival Radio Farda: International Broadcasting to Iran at a Crossroad。The Middle East Review of International Ajfairs，7(1)，13-22。
2.	Eder, Mari K(200607)。Toward Strategic Communication。Military Review，87，61-70。
3.	Gedda, George(2002)。Radio Sawa: Music as A Tool。Foreign Services Journal，79(11)，53-56。
4.	Jones, Jeffrey M.(2005)。Strategic Communication:A Mandate for the United States。Joint Force Quarterly，39，108-114。
5.	el-Nowawy, Mohammed(2006)。US Public Diplomacy in the Arab World: The New Credibility of Radio Sawa and Television Alhurra in Five Countries。Global Media and Communication，2(2)，185-205。
6.	Garfield, A.(2002)。The Offence of Strategic Influence: Making the Case for Perception Management Operations。Journal of Information Warfare，1(3)，3-30。
7.	Green, Dam(2007)。Counterinsurgency Diplomacy: Political Advisors at the Operational and Tactical Levels。Military Review，87(3)，24-30。
8.	Hammes, Thomas X.(200501)。Insurgency: Modern Warfare Evolves into a Fourth Generation Warfare。Strategic Forum，214 (January)，1-7。
9.	Integrated Threat Assessment Centre(2007)。Al-Qaede: Propaganda and Media Strategy。ITAC Presents，2007-2。
10.	Kane, Thomas M.(2005)。Building Thrones: Political Effect as an Emerging Principle of War。Comparative Strategy，24，431-438。
11.	Lieven, Anatol.(2001)。Fighting Terrorism: Lessons from the Cold War。Policy Brief，7，1-7。
12.	Mousseau, Michael.(2002)。Market Civilization and Its Clash with Terror。International Security，27(3)，5-29。
13.	Piazza, James A.(2008)。Do Democracy and Free Markets Project Us From Terrorism?。International Politics，45，72-91。
14.	Post, Jerrold M.(2005)。Psychological Operation and Counterterrorism。Joint Force Quarterly，37，105-110。
15.	Scheuer, Michael.(20061031)。Al-Qaeda Doctrine for International Political Warfare。Terrorism Focus，3(42)，6-8。
16.	Schmitt, Eric、Shanker, Thom.(20050727)。Washington Recasts Terror War as ‘Struggle。International Herald Tribune。
17.	The White House(20051004)。Presidential Documents。Federal Registe，70(191)。
18.	Josten, Richard J.(2006)。Strategic Communication: Key Enabler for Elements of National Power。IO Sphere，2006(Summer)，16-20。

會議論文
1.	Parker, Michelle.(20070905)。The Role of the Department of Defense in the Provincial Reconstruction Teams。Testimony presented before House Armed Services Committee, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations，(會議日期: September 5, 2007)。

研究報告
1.	Borg, Lindsey J.(200802)。Communicating With Intent: The Department of Defense and Strategic Communication。New Haven：Harvard University。
2.	Center for Arts and Culture(200407)。Cultural Diplomacy: Recommendations and Research。Washington, D. C。

圖書
1.	Epstein, Susan B.、Mages, Lisa(2005)。Diplomacy: A Review of Past Recommendations。CRS Report for Congress。
2.	Leap,Richard B.(2006)。Strategic Communication: An Imperative for the Global War on Terrorism Environment。Murphy et al. 2006。
3.	Deputy Secretary of Defense(2006)。Quarterly Defense Review Strategic Communication Execution Roadmap。Washington D.C.：Department of Defense。
4.	Shapiro, Ian(2007)。Containment: Rebuilding a Strategy against Global Terror。Oxford：Princeton University Press。
5.	Bush, George W.(2006)。National Strategy for Combating Terrorism。Washington D.C：White House。
6.	Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff(2006)。National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism。The Joint Chiefs of Staff。
7.	Corman, Steven R.、Angela Trethewev、H. L. Goodall, Jr.(2008)。Weapons of Mass Persuasion: Strategic Communication to Combat to Violent Extremism。New York：Peter Lang Publishing。
8.	Davis, Paul K.、Jekins, Brian Michael(2002)。Deterrence & Influence in Counterterrorism: A Component in the War on al Qaeda。Santa Monica：Rand Co.。
9.	Defense Science Board(2004)。Defense Science Board Report of Task Force on Global Communication。Washington D.C.：Defense Science Board。
10.	Gaffney, Frank(2005)。War Footing:10 Steps America Must Take to Prevail in the War for the Free World。Annapolis：Naval Institute Press。
11.	Jenkins, Brian Michael(2002)。Countering al Qaeda: An Appreciation of the Situation and Suggestions for Strategy。Santa Monica：RAND。
12.	Jenkins, Brian Michael(2006)。Unconquerable Nation: Knowing Our Enemy Strengthening Ourselves。Santa Monica：RAND。
13.	Murphy, Dennis(2006)。Information as Power。Carlisle：US Army War College。
14.	National Security Council(2005)。National Strategy for Victory in Iraq。Washington D.C：National Security Council。
15.	Partis, Norman J.、Rugh(2004)。Radio Sawa and Alurra TV: Opening Channels of Mass Communication in Middle East。
16.	Policy Coordinating Committee on Public Diplomacy and Strategic Communication(2007)。U. S. National Strategy for Strategic Communication and Public Diplomacy。Washington D.C.：Policy Coordinating Committee on Public Diplomacy and Strategic Communication。
17.	Rabasa, Angel Cheryl Benard、Lowell H. Schwartz、Peter Sickle(2006)。Building Moderate Muslin Networks。Santa Monica：RAND Corporation。
18.	Rugh, William A.(2004)。Engaging the Arab and Islam World through Public Diplomacy。Washington D.C.：The Public Diplomacy Council。
19.	Sharp, Jeremy M.。The Middle East Television Network: An Overview。CRS Report for Congress。
20.	U.S. Department of Defense(20050525)。Remarks as Prepared for Delivery by Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld。Philadelphia, PA：Hyatt Regency Hotel。
21.	U.S. Government Accountability Office(20060804)。U.S. International Broadcasting: Management of Middle East Broadcasting Services Could Be Improved。Washington, DC：U.S. Government Accountability Office。
22.	United States Government Accountability Office(2005)。U.S. Public Diplomacy: Interagency Coordination Efforts Hampered by the Lack of a National Communication Strategy。Washington D.C.：United States Government Accountability Office。
23.	United States Government Accountability Office(2006)。U.S. Public Diplomacy: State Department Efforts Lack Certain Communication Elements and Face Persistent Challenges。Washington D.C.：United States Government Accountability Office。
24.	Waller, J. Michael.(2007)。Fighting the War of Ideas Like a Real War: Messages to Defeat the Terrorists。Washington D.C：The Institute of World Politics Press。
25.	Waller, Michael、Alexiev, Alex.、Gaffney(2005)。Step 8: Wage Political Warfare。
26.	Bush, George W.(200603)。The National Security Strategy of the United States of America。Washington D.C：White House。
27.	The White House(2002)。National Security Strategy of the United States of America。Washington, DC：The White House。
28.	Nye, Joseph S. Jr.(2004)。Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics。Public Affairs。
29.	Bergen, Peter L.(2001)。Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama Bin Laden。New York：The Free Press。

其他
1.	Bush, George W.(20010925)。International Campaign Against Terror Grows，http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010925-1.html。
2.	Bush, George W.(2008)。President Bush Discusses Global War on Terror in Las Vegas, Nevada，http://www.whitehouse.org/news/releases/2008/01/20080131 -2.html。
3.	CBS News(2006)。Rumsfeld: U.S. Losing War of Ideas，http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/27/terror/main1442811.shtml。
4.	Cloud, David S.，Gerth, Jeff.(20060102)。Muslim Scholar Were Paid to Aid U.S. Propaganda，http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/02/politics/02propaganda.html。
5.	Congress of Democrats from the Islamic World，http://www.cdiw.org/main.asp。
6.	Dao, James，Schmitt, Eric(20020219)。Pentagon Readies Efforts to Sway Sentiment Abroad。
7.	Deputy Secretary of Defense。Implementation of the DOD Strategic Communication Plan for Afghanistan，http://mountainrunner.us/files/pubd/dod_afghan_sc_plan.pdf。
8.	Gerth, Jeff，Shane, Scott(20051201)。U.S. Is Said to Pay Plant Articles in Iraq Papers。
9.	Jenkins, Brian Michael.(20020908)。The Next Phase in the War，http://www.rand.org/commentary/090802SDUT.bmj.html。
10.	Jenkins, Brian Michael(20050626)。Strategy: Political Warfare Neglected，http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050626/news_mz1e26jenkin.html。
11.	Kaplan, David E.。Off Jihad Networks and the War of Ideas，http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060622/22natsec.htm。
12.	MacInnes, Duncan(20071115)。Strategic Communication and Countering Ideological Support for Terrorism。
13.	Mathews, Williams.(2008)。Rumsfeld: Ramp Up information Warfare，http://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2008/01/defense_rumsfeld_080123/。
14.	Mazzetti, Mark，Sack, Kevin.(20051228)。Military was Reportedly in on Planted Stories: Iraqi Newspaper were Paid to Run Good-News War Reports，http://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2008/01/defense_rumsfeld_080123/。
15.	Merle, Renae.(20050611)。Pentagon Fund Diplomacy Effort: Contracts Aim to Improve Foreign Opinion of United States。
16.	Miles, Donna.。U.S. Needs Improvement to Win War of Ideology，http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=15031。
17.	Mullen, Michael G.(20071214)。Memorandum for the Deputy Secretary of Defense。
18.	Rumsfeld, Donald H.(20040323)。Testimony of U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld Prepared for Delivery to The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States，http://www.9-11commission.gov/hearings/hearing8/rumsfeld_statement.pdf。
19.	The White House(2003)。Executive Order: Establishing the Office of Global Communication，http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/01/20030121-3.html。
20.	The White House(2003)。the Office of Global Communication，http://www.whitehouse.gov/ogc/aboutogc.html>;
21.	U.S. Department of State。Middle East Partnership Initiative，http://mepi.state.gov/。
22.	U.S. Department of State(2005)。Remark Upon Her Departure for Europe，http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/57602.htm。
23.	U.S. Department of State。the Youth Exchange and Studies Program，http://exchanges.state.gov/education/citizens/students/programs/yes.htm。
24.	US Department of States。White House Office of Global Communication，http://fpc.state.gov/fpc/16852.htm。
25.	US Department of Defense。DoD News Briefing - Secretary Rumsfeld and General Myers，http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=2798。
26.	U. S. Joint Forces Command(2008)。Commander’s Handbook for Strategic Communication，http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/other_pubs/sc_hdbk.pdf。
27.	U.S. News and World Report。Political Bulletin，http://www.usnews.com/usnews/politics/bulletin/bulletin_090407.htm。
28.	White House.(2004)。Dr. Rice Address War on Terror，http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/08/20040819-5.html。
29.	White House.(2003)。Dr. Rice Discusses on Foreign Policy，http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/08/20030807-1.html。
30.	Bush, George W.(20010920)。Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People，http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010920-8.html。

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