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題名：The Focal Structure in Mandarin Vp-Ellipsis : A Cross-Linguistic Perspective
書刊名：Taiwan Journal of Linguistics
作者：魏廷冀 引用關係
作者(外文)：Wei, Ting-chi
出版日期：2009
卷期：7:1
頁次：頁85-119
主題關鍵詞：動詞刪略句；極性焦點；對比焦點；極性一致；否定一致；特徵複製；VP-ellipsis；Polarity focus；Contrastive focus；Polarity concord；Negative concord；Feature copying
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本文論證Soh（2007）之ΣP分析，只能解釋漢語動詞刪略句中極性運作的部分事實。我們以「也」和「卻」的新事證為基礎，提出動詞刪略句中有兩個焦點投射的分析；一為以「也」或「卻」為主要語的對比焦點投射FocP，其位置比TP還高；另一為以「正的極性焦點」及「負的極性焦點」為主要語的極性投射PolP，其位置比TP低；FocP及PolP會在極性上互相呼應，形成「也」類前後極性一致的句式，及「卻」類前後極性相斥的句式；此互動可透過「呼應運作」（Chomsky 2000，2001）的理論架構，同時採用Watanabe（2004）的「否定一致」特徵複製來達成。此外我們檢視各類語序的語言，包括英語（SVO）、日語（SOV）、泰雅語（VOS）、布農語（VSO），來驗證此焦點分析的合理性。
This paper argues that Soh’s (2007) ΣP analysis only partially explains polarity operation in Mandarin VP-ellipsis. With new examples of the use of the particle que ‘however’, a polarity contrast of ye ‘also’, we propose that there are two focus projections in VP-ellipsis. One is the contrastive FocP headed by ye or que higher than TP and the other is the polarity PolP headed by an affirmative polarity focus shi ‘be’ or a covert negative polarity focus lower than TP. Foc interacts with Pol by a way of polarity concord, which is responsible for the polarity symmetry or asymmetry across two conjuncts. We suggest that the polarity concord is achieved via the Agree operation (Chomsky 2000, 2001) in line with Watanabe’s (2004) feature copying analysis of the negative concord. A cross-linguistic investigation of languages of various word orders, including English (SVO), Japanese (SOV), Atayal (VOS), and Bunun (VSO) lends support to this focus account.
期刊論文
1.Tang, Sze-Wing(2001)。The (non-)existence of gapping in Chinese and its implications for the theory of gapping。Journal of East Asian Linguistics，10，201-224。  new window
2.Otani, Kazuyo、Whitman, John(1991)。V-raising and VP-ellipsis。Linguistic Inquiry，22，345-358。  new window
3.渡邊明(2003)。WH and operator constructions in Japanese。Lingua，113(4-6)，519-558。  new window
4.Tham, Shiao Wei(2008)。The semantic category of the subject NP in Mandarin specificational copular sentences。Journal of East Asian Linguistics，17(1)，61-82。  new window
5.Soh, Hooi Ling(2007)。Ellipsis, last resort, and the dummy auxiliary shi 'be' in Mandarin Chinese。Linguistic Inquiry，38(1)，178-188。  new window
6.Haegeman, L.、Zanuttini, Raffaella(1991)。Negative heads and the neg criterion。The Linguistic Review，8，233-251。  new window
7.Kaplan, Jeff(1984)。Obligatory too in English。Language，60(3)，510-518。  new window
8.López, Luis、Winkler, S.(2200)。Focus and topic in VP-anaphora constructions。Linguistics，38(4)，623-664。  new window
9.Soh, Hooi Ling(2003)。Antecedent-contained deletion constructions in Mandrain Chinese。NELS，33，367-378。  new window
10.Watanabe, A.(2004)。The genesis of negative concord: Syntax and morphology。Linguistic Inquiry，35(4)，559-612。  new window
11.Xu, Liejiong(2003)。Remarks in VP-ellipsis in disguise。Linguistic Inquiry，34，196-171。  new window
12.Zagona, Karen(1988)。Proper gonernment of antecedentless VP on English and Spanish。Natural Language and Linguistic Theory，6，95-128。  new window
會議論文
1.Culicover, P. W.(1991)。Topicalization, inversion, and complementizers in English。Utrecht。91-1002。  new window
2.Huang, C. -T. James(1988)。Comments on Hasegawa's paper。New London。77-93。  new window
3.López, Luis(1994)。The Syntactic licensing of VP-ellipsis: A comparative study of Spanish and English。Washington, D.C.。333-354。  new window
學位論文
1.Laka, Itziar(1990)。Negation in Syntax: On the Nature of Functional Categories and Projections(博士論文)。MIT，Cambridge。  new window
2.Li, Hui-Ju Grace(2002)。Ellipsis Constructions in Chinese(博士論文)。University of Southern California。  new window
3.Ai, R. R.(2006)。Elliptical Predicate Construction in Mandarin。  new window
4.Howard, H. D.(1993)。Sigma P, affective inversion, and topicalization in English and Spanish。  new window
5.López, Luis(1995)。Polarity and Predicate。  new window
圖書
1.Kayne, Richard S.(1994)。The Antisymmetry of Syntax。MIT Press。  new window
2.May, Robert(1985)。Logical Form: Its Structure and Derivation。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。  new window
3.Lobeck, Anne C.(1995)。Ellipsis: Functional heads, licensing, and identification。Oxford University Press。  new window
4.Chomsky, Noam(1995)。The minimalist program。MIT Press。  new window
5.Li, Y. H. Audrey(2007)。Syntax of overt and covert pronouns。Syntax of overt and covert pronouns。  new window
6.Chomsky, Noam(1998)。Some observations on economy in generative grammar。Is the Best Good Enough。Cambridge, Mass。  new window
7.Drubig, H. B.(1998)。Focus and connectedness: Towards a typology of focus constructions。Typologize zur Informationsstruktur。Tübingen。  new window
8.Haegeman, L.、Zanuttini, Raffaella(1996)。Negative concord in West Flemish。Parameters and Functional Heads: Essays in Comparative Syntax。Oxford。  new window
9.Holmer, Arthur(2005)。Seedig: Antisymmetry and final particles in a Formosan VOS language。Verb First: On the Syntax of Verb-Initial Languages。Amsterdam/Philadelphia。  new window
10.Huang, C. -T. James(1988)。Verb-second in German and some AUX phenomena in Chinese。The Null Subject Parameter。Dordrecht。  new window
11.Rizzi, L.(2004)。Locality and the left peripherery。Structures and Beyond: The Cartography of Syntactic Structures (3)。New York。  new window
12.Travis, Lisa deMena(2005)。VP-internal structure in a VOS language。Verb First: On the Syntax of Verb-Initial Languages。Amsterdam/Philadelphia。  new window
13.Watanabe, A.(2002)。Loss of Overt Wh-Movement in Old Japanese。Syntactic Effects of Morphological Change。Oxford。  new window
14.Winkler, Susanne(2000)。Silent copy and polarity focus in VP ellipsis。Linguistische Arbeiten 418。Tubingen。  new window
圖書論文
1.Drubig, Hans Bernhard(1994)。Island constraints and the syntactic nature of focus and association with focus。Arbeitspapiere des Sonderforschungsbereichs 340: Sprachtheoretische Grundlagen fur die Computerlinguistik。University of Stuttgart：Tubingen。  new window
2.Rizzi, Luigi(1997)。The fine structure of the left periphery。Elements of Grammar: Handbook in Generative Syntax。Kluwer Academic Publishers。  new window
3.Huang, Cheng-Teh James(1991)。Remarks on the Status of the Null Object。Principles and Parameters in Comparative Grammar。MIT Press。  new window
4.Chomsky, Noam(2001)。Derivation by phase。Ken Hale: A life in language。MIT Press。  new window
5.Chomsky, Noam(2000)。Minimalist inquiries: the framework。Step by Step: Essays on Minimalist Syntax in honor of Howard Lasnik。MIT Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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