Health status and factors related to fear of falling among elderly people living alone in Sanchong community of New Taipei City (formerly Taiwan County) were explored in this study. There were 131 individuals with an average age of 78.89 years had completed questionnaires. Most of them are male. 84% of them suffered from at least one kind of chronic disease, of which, hypertension, eye diseases and arthritis were the most prevalence illnesses among the respondents. Going up and down the stairs and preparing the meals were the two most difficult tasks among their ADL and IADL assessments. There were 87 cases (66.4%) expressed that they were afraid of fall and 23 cases (17.6%) did experience a fall within last three months. Single variance analyses revealed gender, marital status, perceived health status, suffering from disease currently, experience of fall within the last three months, squat and stand up, bend over to get something, walking stability, walking with aids, visual acuity, ADL, and IADL were found statistically significant related to the fear of falling. Multi-variance analysis found that experience of fall during last three months (OR=6.65; 95% CI=1.03-43.07) and current suffering from disease (OR=4.43; 95% CI=1.03-19.13) were the two most influence risk factors for fear of falling. The study suggests initiating chronic disease management and health promotion strategies to prevent fall occurrence among elderly people who live alone in the community.