隨著我國與中國大陸交流日增，兩岸的安全關係從軍事導向的傳統安全，轉變為以人為核心的非傳統安全或人類安全。兩岸衛生安全的重要性近年更因嚴重急性呼吸道症候群等傳染疫病的互通擴散而備受關注。本文依疫情現況、傳染模式及影響層面等，分析可能衝擊兩岸衛生安全最鉅的傳染病，如腸病毒、高致病性H5N1 禽流感、愛滋病與結核病等，並探討未來之合作方向與機制，包括強化多邊架構下的溝通（例如世界衛生組織）、加強兩岸政府的雙邊對談、擴增二軌交流管道等，以因應兩岸傳染病互通所帶來的衛生安全威脅。

With the increasing interflow between Taiwan and China, and in conforming to the changing trends in global security perspectives, the security relations across the Taiwan Straits are being transformed from traditional national security to the non-traditional human security. The significance of Cross-Strait health security is gradually being emphasized due to the spreading of infectious diseases (such as the SARS outbreak in 2003) through millions of human contacts and tremendous economic activities. Based on the epidemic situations, infection patterns, and levels of influence, this study analyzes the most influential infectious diseases, namely, enterovirus, avian influenza A (H5N1), HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis, which mostly affect the security of Cross-Strait health. The way to tackle the health security threats resulting from these infectious diseases is also discussed and needed proposals are drawn up. The cooperation mechanism is recommended with a view to the following: to enhance the communication through the platform of international organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO); to strengthen bilateral talks across the Straits; and to expand the second track dialogue.