The Japanese China Garrison Army (JCGA) in Northern China was formed in 1901 as special right of Japan according to the Boxer Protocol. In March 1936, the Army's Commander-in-chief Tada Hayao asked the R.O.C's Gen. Song Zheyuan of Hebei-Chahar Political Commission to sign an anti-communism agreement. The very idea came from his ”Tada Declaration” formed in September a year ago. For many years, this has become an unsettled historical issue and much discussion on whether the alleged agreement was actually signed. This paper tries to look into the matter in the light of numerous Chinese and Japanese documents, with a view to sorting out the confusion.It is found that there were two qualitatively different agreements. One was the ”North China” Anti-communism Agreement which was basically military-oriented. And the other was ”Hebei-Chahar Political Commission” Anti-communism Agreement, which was about the organization of anti-communism-oriented. The former had already reached the stage of an ”oral agreement.” But the Army Ministry of Japan thought the JCGA did not have the authorities to sign the agreement and denied. The later bad been properly signed, and by this the JCGA could request Gen. Song to carry out the Agreement.Because Hayao and Song did not sign the ”North China” Anti-communism Agreement, the JCGA could not do anything about the anti-communism affairs. Besides, in early 1936, Communists' entrance into Shanxi terrified the Japanese, and their government raised questions concerning the contents of the Anti-communism Agreement. On May 15, 1936, Suma Yakichiroh, the Consul General at Nanking, referred to Tada's ideas and measures and drafted the ”Proposal concerning the Administration of the Five Provinces.”After negotiating with the military authorities, the Foreign Ministry of Japan revised Suma's proposal. On August 7, the Cabinet passed the ”Japan's Foreign Policy” and formulated ”the Policy of Dealing with Chinese Issues” on the 11th. Japan was sure that the Nationalist government was the official government of China to negotiate with. Thus, the treaties of ”Anti-communism Military Agreement” and the ”Military Alliance between Japan and China” were later formulated. ”The Policy of Dealing with Chinese Issues” had finally found for the apparently empty ”the three Principles of Hirota” a concrete and plausible solution, by changing the simple-minded Anti-communism Agreement into Japan's foreign ministry's diplomatic policy. In order to realize the policy, conferences between the two nations' foreign ministries were started in September to deal with the anti-communism issues.To sum up, the policy of the JCGA finally became Japan's national policy. It was Ishiwara Kanji who suggested that the military authorities should lead the country, according to the so-called ”the Policy of Ishiwara”. This policy, which was to become the prototype for Japan's foreign policies toward China, led not only to the Mukden Incident of 1931, but also to subsequent events.