本文從疾病之影響因素著手，運用兩階段估計法，發展出醫療支出函數的經濟效益評估模型。我們使用中央研究院「竹東及朴子地區心血管疾病長期追蹤研究」問卷資料與健保資料庫的醫療費用資料，運用所建構之經濟效益評估模型，估計非特定疾病罹病者因個人健康行為因素（抽菸、喝酒及不良飲食習性）改善所能減少的醫療支出。我們認為罹病者若從抽菸變成不抽菸（戒菸），每年能夠減少約1,506元的醫療支出；罹病者若從喝酒變成不喝酒（戒酒），每年能夠減少約3,016元的醫療支出；飲食習性為來者不拒型的罹病者若能改變其飲食習性為正常飲食型、攝取補品型及低卡輕食型，則每年可分別減少約2,586元、269元及2,659元的醫療支出。在醫療資源有限的情況下，考慮較不花費成本的戒菸、戒酒及改善飲食習性的方式，而能減少較多的醫療支出，相信對於疾病防治及醫療資源的有效使用有事半功倍之效，值得有關單位重視。

This study investigates the effects of Cigarette and Liquor Consumption and Dietary Habits and sociodemographic variables on medical expenditure for People in Taiwan. Data from the ”Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors two Township Study” project and NHI are used for the empirical analysis. The results show that if a patient with smoking or drinking habit can give up smoking or drinking, the costs of medical services would decrease NT $1,506 and NT$3,016 every year, respectively. If a patient can ameliorate dietary habits from refuse nothing type to normal diet type, absorb tonic type and low calorie type then his or her costs of medical services would decrease NT $2,586, NT $269 and NT$2,659 every year, respectively.