The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the effectiveness of junior high school students' self-efficacy and weight control. The subjects were the second and third year students in two schools in Hsinchu City, Taiwan to investigate the mediating role of weight control behaviors. By using the purposive sampling method, a total of 193 valid samples were recruited. Dietary behavior score, the Physical Activity Scale and Health Self-Efficacy Scale were administrated. The dietary content is the highest average score (mean=3.75, standard deviation=0.67), then followed by specific food intake (mean=3.46, standard deviation=0.48) in diet control behavior content. Further analysis found that dietary self-efficacy and exercise self-efficacy correlation coefficient was 0.618(p<0.01), with statistical significant. The girls' score were higher than boys' on diet self-efficacy. Secondly, we found that the education level of parents may have effect on student dietary content, those students whose parents graduated in college will have higher scores than graduated in senior high school (F=5.83, p<0.01) or junior high school (F=3.67, p<0.05). Finally, after the hierarchical regression analysis of the relationship between two variables, with control of other variables, the results were: exercise self-efficacy may associated with the dietary content (β=0.141, p<0.05), ΔR^2=7.7%; diet self-efficacy (β=0.378, p<0.01) may associated with on specific food intake, ΔR^2=10.2%; diet self-efficacy may associated with eating behavior (β=0.465, p<0.001), ΔR^2=17.7%; exercise self-efficacy may associated with on physical activity (β=0.491, p<0.001), ΔR^2=17.9%. In addition, self-efficacy and weight control behaviors are not directly associated with body mass index (BMI). These variables may affect the BMI in ways not mentioned in this study; therefore additional research in this area should consider adding other performance indicators. It can provide future suggestions for the enactment of policy on students and parent nutrition education in order to improve both mentally and physically health development of adolescents.