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引文資料
題名:
市場規模、廠商規模與城鄉失業
書刊名:
經濟論文
作者:
黃幼宜
/
黃登興
作者(外文):
Huang, Yo-yi
/
Huang, Deng-shing
出版日期:
2016
卷期:
44:1
頁次:
頁1-33
主題關鍵詞:
城鄉失業
;
市場規模
;
廠商規模
;
固定成本優勢
;
邊際成本優勢
;
Urban-rural unemployment
;
Market size
;
Size distribution of firms
;
Fixed cost advantage
;
Marginal cost advantage
原始連結:
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相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:0
點閱:3
有關城鄉失業的文獻,均在固定規模報酬的設定下,證得提高最低工資率會吸引過多的勞動人口移入,反而導致都會區失業率的上升。有別於於傳統城鄉失業模型文獻,本文從現實狀況出發,在新貿易理論之規模報酬遞增與不完全競爭的架構下,進一步考量廠商的異質性(大廠與小廠並存),探討市場擴張與提高最低工資率,對廠商規模消長,以及失業率的影響。本文主要發現如下:由於大廠在邊際成本有較低的優勢,小廠優勢則在於較低的固定成本,(1)若產品替代彈性夠大,則具邊際成本優勢的大廠將受益於市場規模的擴大,而小廠則受害而減少;(2)在既定的替代彈性下,則提高最低工資抵銷了大廠的邊際成本優勢,導致其家數萎縮,而小廠數量則增加。最後,(3)有別於傳統城鄉失業文獻之提高最低工資,將導致都會區失業人口提高的結論,本文證得在大規模經濟與大小廠並存的設定下,提高都會區的最低工資水準,將可提高就業人口、降低失業率。
以文找文
Most of the related literature on the rural-urban model, based on constant returns to scale and a perfect competition setup, proves that raising the minimum wage level will attract more migrants to an urban area’s modern sector and thus lead to a higher unemployment rate. Deviating from the traditional setup, we adopt the new trade theory of increasing returns to scale (IRTS) and imperfect competition, extend it to consider firm heterogeneity (the coexistence of big and small firms), and analyze how the market size and minimum wage level might affect the firm size distribution and the rate of unemployment in a small open economy. The major findings are as follows: With big firms’ advantage in marginal cost and small firms’ advantage in fixed cost, (1) if the substitution elasticity between the big vs. small firms’ products is large enough, then larger market size will benefit the big firms. (2) Given a level of substitution elasticity, raising the minimum wage will offset the big firms’ advantage in marginal cost. Thus, the number of big firms will decline and the small ones will increase. (3) Unlike the conventional results of increasing unemployment in a conventional rural-urban model, we prove that under IRTS with the coexistence of big vs. small firms, raising the minimum wage will increase the employment level and hence lower the rate of unemployment.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Card, David、Krueger, Alan B.(1994)。Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania。The American Economic Review,84(4),772-793。
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Head, K.、Ries, J.(2001)。Increasing returns versus national product differentiation as an explanation for the pattern of U.S.-Canada trade。American Economic Review,91(4),858-876。
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Neary, J. P.(1981)。On the Harris-Todaro Model with Intersectoral Capital Mobility。Economica,48(191),219-234。
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Corden, W. M.、Findlay, R.(1975)。Urban Unemployment, Intersectoral Capital Mobility and Development Policy。Economica,42(165),59-78。
6.
Jones, Stephen R. G.(1987)。Minimum Wage Legislation in a Dual Labor Market。European Economic Review,31(6),1229-1246。
7.
黃幼宜、黃登興、李政德(20091200)。技術優勢、本國市場效果和產業消長。人文及社會科學集刊,21(4),555-586。
延伸查詢
8.
Behrens, K.(2005)。Market Size and Industry Location: Traded vs. Non-Traded Goods。Journal of Urban Economics,58,24-44。
9.
Bhagwati, J. N.、Srinivasan, T. N.(1975)。Alternative Policy Rankings in a Large Open Economy with Sector Specific Minimum Wages。Journal of Economic Theory,11,356-371。
10.
Choi, J. Y.、Yu, E. S. H.(2012)。Product Market Imperfection and the Two-Sector Harris-Todaro Economy。Review of International Economics,20(2),256-270。
11.
Huang, Y. Y.、Huang, D. S.(2014)。Big vs. Small under Free Trade: Market Size and Size Distribution of Firms。International Review of Economics and Finance,34,175-189。
12.
Huang, Y. Y.、Lee, C. T.、Huang, D. S.(2014)。Home Market Effects in the Chamberlinian-Ricardian World。Bulletin of Economic Research,66(1),36-54。
13.
Khan, M. A.(1980)。Dynamic Stability, Wage Subsidies and the Generalized Harris-Todaro Model。The Pakistan Development Review,19(1),1-24。
14.
Khan, M. A.(1980)。The Harris-Todaro Hypothesis and the Heckscher-Ohlin-Sumuelson Trade Model: a Synthesis。Journal of International Economics,10(4),527-547。
15.
Lin, P. C.、Huang, D. S.(2008)。Technological Regimes and Firm Survival: Evidence Across Sectors and Over Time。Small Business Economics,30(2),175-186。
16.
Neary, J. P.(2009)。Putting the 'New' into New Trade Theory: Paul Krugman's Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics。Scandinavian Journal of Economics,111(2),217-250。
17.
Nishimori, A.(1999)。Product Variety and Sector-Specific Unemployment。Urban Studies,36,1467-1473。
18.
Rapanos, V.(2005)。Minimum Wage and Income Distribution in the Harris-Todaro Model。Journal of Economic Development,30(1),1-14。
19.
Sanders, S. R.、Brown, D. L.(2012)。The Migratory Response of Labor to Special Economic Zones in the Philippines, 1995-2005。Population Research and Policy Review,31(1),141-164。
20.
Steel, W. F.、Takagi, Y.(1983)。Small Enterprises Development and the Employment-Output, Trade-Off。Oxford Economic Papers,35,423-446。
21.
Aw, B. Y.(2002)。Productivity dynamics of small and medium enterprises in Taiwan。Small Business Economics,18,69-84。
22.
Aw, B. Y.、Hwang, A. R.(1995)。Productivity and the Export Market: A Firm-level Analysis。Journal of Development Economics,47,313-332。
23.
Davis, D. R.(1998)。The Home Market, Trade, and Industrial Structure。American Economic Review,88,1264-1276。
24.
Davis, Donald R.、Weinstein, David E.(1999)。Economic Geography and Regional Production Structure: An Empirical Investigation。European Economic Review,43(2),379-407。
25.
Davis, D. R.、Weinstein, D. E.(2003)。Market access, economic geography and comparative advantage: an empirical test。Journal of International Economics,59,1-23。
26.
Feenstra, R. C.、Markusen, J. A.、Rose, A. K.(2001)。Using the Gravity Equation to Differentiate among Alternative Theories of Trade。Canadian Journal of Economics,34(2),430-447。
27.
Hanson, G.、Xiang, C.(2004)。The home market effect and trade patterns。American Economic Review,94(4),1108-1129。
28.
Head, K.、Mayertt, T.、Ries, J.(2002)。On the pervasiveness of home market effects。Economica,69,371-390。
29.
Huang, D. -S.、Lin, P. -C.、Huang, Y. -Y.(2006)。Learning-by-Exporting: Micro-dynamic Evidence from Taiwan。Global Economic Review,35(4),397-411。
30.
Krugman, Paul R.(1979)。Increasing returns, monopolistic competition, and international trade。Journal of international Economics,9(4),469-479。
31.
Lewis, W. Arthur(1954)。Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour。The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies,22(2),139-191。
32.
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33.
Krugman, Paul R.(1980)。Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade。American Economic Review,70(5),950-959。
34.
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35.
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36.
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會議論文
1.
林柏生、黃登興、黃幼宜(2001)。勞動力調整機制與都市勞動力回流。台灣經濟學會年會。台北:台灣經濟學會。269-295。
延伸查詢
研究報告
1.
Weder, R.(1997)。British and American Exports: An Empirical Analysis of Comparative Home-Market Advantage。University of British Columbia:University of Basel。
圖書
1.
Helpman, Elhanan、Krugman, Paul R.(1985)。Market Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition, and the International Economy。MIT Press。
圖書論文
1.
Feenstra, R. C.、Hamilton, G. G.(2006)。Economic Organization in South Korea and Taiwan: A First Test of the Model。Emergent Economies, Divergent Paths: Economic Organization and International Trade in South Korea and Taiwan。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
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