Background: The environment will affect public health. Nurses have responsibility to take care of health care in each community. The first step of the community assessment is to assess the environment. Purposes: To investigate factors affecting the Tao-Zhu-Miao region residents' environmental knowledge, behavior and attitudes. Methods: Subjects were residents of the Taiwan Tao-Zhu-Miao region. The investigation period was from January 13, 2016 to March 20, 2016. This study utilized a structured questionnaire across a random sample, and 100 valid samples were collected. The Chen, Ying Hua Questionnaire design for knowledge of the environment was used. SPSS 21.0 software was used for data processing and analysis. Results: People mostly get environmental information from television media (86%). Knowledge of the environment received the highest mean score (2.31). The most common behavior was to ＂Save Energy＂ with an average score of 4.06. For environmental attitude ＂environmental crisis＂ received the highest score, with an average of 4.55. Education and environmental knowledge showed significant differences ( p ＜.05). Age, Internet and environmental behavior indicate significant differences (p ＜.05). There are significant differences (p ＜.05) in newspapers, magazines and television media with regard to environmental attitudes. Internet, television, newspapers and magazines showed significant differences (p ＜0.05) with regard to their overall effect on knowledge. Conclusions and Application: Results could not only help to enhance public environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes and behavior, but also help to elevate the importance of environmental protection.