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F.(1991)。What does language testing have to offer?。TESOL Quarterly，25(4)，671-704。 | | 9. | Cheng, L.(1998)。Impact of a public English examination change on students' perceptions and attitudes towards their English learning。Studies in Educational Evaluation，24，279-301。 | | 10. | Qi, L.(2005)。Stakeholders' conflicting aims undermine the washback function of a high-stakes test。Language Testing，22(2)，142-173。 | | 11. | Shepard, L. A.、Flexer, R. J.、Hiebert, E. H.、Marion, S. F.、Mayfield, V.、Weston, J. J.(1996)。Effects of introducing classroom performance assessments on student learning。Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice，15(3)，7-18。 | | 12. | Spratt, M.(2005)。Washback and the classroom: the implications for teaching and learning of studies of washback from exams。Language Teaching Research，9(1)，5-29。 | | 13. | Wall, D.(2000)。The impact of high-stakes testing on teaching and learning: Can this be predicted or controlled?。System，28，499-509。 | | 14. | Read, J.、Hayes, B.(2003)。The impact of IELTS on preparation for academic study in New Zealand。IELTS International English Language Testing System Research Reports，4，153-206。 | 會議論文| 1. | Andrews, S.(2001)。Reflecting on washback: High stakes tests and curriculum innovation。ILEC Conference。Hong Kong。 | 學位論文| 1. | Saif, S.(1999)。Theoretical and empirical considerations in investigating washback: A study of ESL/EFL learners(博士論文)。University of Victoria。 | 圖書| 1. | Green, A.(2007)。IELTS washback in context: preparation for academic writing in higher education。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。 | | 2. | Brown, James Dean(2001)。Using Surveys in Language Programs。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。 | | 3. | Cheng, L.(2005)。Changing language teaching through language testing: A washback study。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。 | | 4. | Bachman, L. F.、Palmer, A. S.(1996)。Language testing in practice。Oxford：Oxford University Press。 | | 5. | Gravatt, B.、Richards, J.、Lewis, M.(1997)。Language needs in tertiary studies。Auckland：University of Auckland Institute of Language Teaching and Learning。 | | 6. | Hawkey, R.(2006)。Impact theory and practice: Studies of the IELTS test and Progetto Lingue 2000。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。 | | 7. | McNamara, Tim、Roever, Carsten(2006)。Language testing: The social dimension。Blackwell Publishing。 | | 8. | Shohamy, E.(2001)。The power of tests: A critical perspective on the use of language tests。New York：Longman。 | | 9. | Wall, D.(2005)。The impact of high-stakes examinations on classroom teaching: A case study using insights form testing and innovation theory。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。 | | 10. | Wiggins, G. 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F.(1988)。The influence of testing on the curriculum。Critical issues in curriculum: Eighty-seventh yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education。Chicago：NSSE, University of Chicago Press。 | | 3. | Saville, N.、Hawkey, R.(2004)。The IELTS impact study: Investigating washback on teaching materials。Washback in language testing: Research contexts and methods。Maheah, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum。 | | 4. | Turner, C.(2001)。The need for impact studies of L2 performance testing and rating: Identifying areas of potential consequences at all levels of the testing cycle。Experimenting with uncertainty: Essays in honor of Alan Davies。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press, University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate。 | | 5. | Watanabe, Y.(2004)。Methodology in washback studies。Washback in language testing: Research contexts and methods。Maheah, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum。 | |