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題名:In the Beginning, There Were Hermeneutical Mistakes of Church-State Relations in Modern China
書刊名:史匯
作者:郭承天
作者(外文):Kuo, Cheng-tian
出版日期:2016
卷期:19
頁次:頁179-204
主題關鍵詞:現代中國政教關係政教分立宗教自由詮釋學Modern ChinaChurch-State relationsSeparation of church and stateReligious freedomHermeneutics
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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現代中國宗教政策導致宗教自由的緩慢與崎嶇發展,而這些政策的理念源自二十世紀初期政教關係概念傳入中國時,所發生的翻譯與詮釋錯誤。「政教分立」一詞被誤解為「政教分離」,而非美國原意、具有「政教相互制衡」意涵的「政教分立」。更糟的是,「政教分離」被國家用來合理化它對於宗教的控制,同時禁止宗教批判國家。二十世紀初期的中國國族主義更進一步滲入聖經的各種中文譯本,把各種人群團體都翻譯成國家或邦國,而使得聖經成為當代中國的愛國主義教材。這些詮釋的錯誤對於現代中國政教關係的持續影響,仍可見於《基督教愛國主義教材》以及中國官員與知識份子常抱持的六個錯誤的政教關係觀點。
The hectic and slow progress of religious freedom in China is a direct result of restrictive religious policies, which have been guided by hermeneutical mistakes about religion-state relations made in the early 1900s. The phrase “separation of state and church” was incorrectly translated and understood as total separation of state and church, instead of its American authentic meaning of “checks and balances between state and church.” Even worse, the phrase has been employed to justify the state's domination over religion, while forbidding religion from criticizing the state. Chinese nationalism in the early 1900s further permeated the Chinese versions of the Bible by mistranslating different human groups into the state, thus, transforming the Bible into a nationalist textbook for the Chinese. The continued impacts of these hermeneutical mistakes on church-state relations in modern China are evidenced by the Christian Textbook of Patriotism and six major misconceptions of church-state relations commonly held by Chinese officials and intellectuals.
期刊論文
1.郭承天(2011)。Chinese Religious Reform: The Christian Patriotic Education Campaign。Asian Survey,51(6),1042-1064。  new window
2.(1910)。Hard News: The foundations of separation [fenli] of church and state in Tibet。Da Tong Daily,13(19),29。  new window
3.(1910)。Major Events in China: An opportune moment to separating [fenli] church and state in Tibet。Guo Feng Daily,1(14),101-102。  new window
4.(1934)。Selected Public Opinions: The separation[fenli] of church and state in Tibet from the historical perspective。Kai Fa Xi Bei,2(1),71-72。  new window
5.(1938)。A proposal to reform minority policies according to the separation [fenli] of church and state in Xi-kang。Kang Zang Qian Feng,5(4),10-13。  new window
6.(1906)。Summaries of current events: The problems of separation [fenli] of church and state。Law and Politics Magazine,1(1),2。  new window
7.(1906)。The separation [fenli] of church and state case in French。Sein Min Choong Bou,4(2),90-91。  new window
8.(1906)。On the bargaining of separation [fenli] of church and state in Europe。The Diplomacy Review,6(24),15-16。  new window
9.(1907)。On separation of church and state in the United Kingdoms。The Diplomacy Review,13(19),23-24。  new window
10.(1910)。Chronicle of events: French government carried out the separation [fenli] of church and state。The Diplomacy Review,10(10),27。  new window
11.(1906)。Rome: Rome bishop strongly protests against the separation [fenli] of church and state in French。The Eastern Miscellany,3(4),26。  new window
12.(1907)。The new separation [fenli] Law of church and state in French。The Eastern Miscellany,4(2),4-12。  new window
13.(1907)。Issues: The problems of separation [fenli] of church and state in French。The Universal Progressive Journal,128(10)。  new window
14.(1910)。The proposal for separating [fenli] church and state。Yu Ze Sui Bi,1(10),6。  new window
圖書
1.Jelen, Ted Gerard、Wilcox, Clyde(2002)。Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective: The One, the Few, and the Many。New York:Cambridge University Press。  new window
2.Cao, Nanlai(2010)。Constructing China's Jerusalem: Christians, Power and Place in Contemporary Wenzhou。Stanford:Stanford University Press。  new window
3.Lagerwey, John(2010)。China, A Religious State。Hong Kong:Hong Kong University Press。  new window
4.Esposito, John L.、Fasching, Darrell J.、Lewis, Todd(2006)。World Religions Today。Oxford University Press。  new window
5.Goossaert, Vincent、Palmer, David A.(2011)。The Religious Question in Modem China。University of Chicago Press。  new window
6.Locke, John(1993)。Two Treatises of Government。Rutland, VT:Charles E. Tuttle。  new window
7.Cha, Shi-jie(1994)。Essays on the Republican Era’s History of Christianity。Taipei:Yuzhouguang Press。  new window
8.Cheng, Tun-jen、Brown, Deborah A.(2006)。Religious Organizations and Democratization: Case Studies from Contemporary Asia。Armonk, NY:M.E. Sharpe。  new window
9.Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association、Bishops Conference of Catholic Church in China(2002)。Catholic Textbook of Patriotism。Beijing:China religious culture Publisher。  new window
10.Corley, Bruce、Lemke, Steve W.、Lovejoy, Grant I.(2002)。Biblical Hermeneutics: A Comprehensive Introduction to Interpreting Scripture。Nashville, TN:Broadman & Holman Publishers。  new window
11.Gaustad, Edwin S.(2003)。Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land: A History of Church and State in America。New York:Oxford University Press。  new window
12.Hamburger, Philip(2004)。Separation of Church and State。Harvard University Press。  new window
13.(2005)。Holy Study Bible。Hong Kong:The Rock House Publishers, Ltd.。  new window
14.Kuo, Cheng-tian(2014)。Guozu Shenxue De Minzhuhua: Taiwan Yu Zhongguo Dalu。Taipei:Chengchi University Press。  new window
15.National Committee of Three-Self Patriotic Movement of the Protestant Churches in China、China Christian Council(2006)。Christian Textbook on Patriotism。Beijing:China religious culture Publisher。  new window
16.Osborne, Grant R.(1991)。The Hermeneutical Spiral: A Comprehensive Introduction to Biblical Interpretation。Downers Grove, Illinois:Inter-Varsity Press。  new window
17.P. R. C. Center for Religious Research of China, State Administration for Religious Affairs(2010)。Chinese Five Great Religions on Harmony。Beijing:China religious culture Publisher。  new window
18.Sun, Yat-sen(1989)。Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen。Taipei:Modem China Press。  new window
19.Sun, Yat-sen(1989)。Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen。Taipei:Modem China Press。  new window
20.Sun, Yat-sen(1989)。Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen。Taipei:Modem China Press。  new window
21.Ye, Ren-chang(1992)。Anti-Christian movement after the May 4th Movement: Analyzing the relationship between politics and religion in China。Taipei:Jiou Da Press。  new window
22.Yi, Ai-lian。Biography of Samuel I. J. Schereschewsky: The Jewish Bishop and The Chinese Bible。New Taipei City:Chinese Christian Literary Mission Publishing Group Ltd.。  new window
23.Zhao, Wei-ben(1993)。Tracing back to the source of Bible translation: The history of Translating Five Modem Chinese Bible。Hong Kong:China Theology Graduate School。  new window
24.Zucca, Lorenzo(2012)。A Secular Europe: Law and Religion in the European Constitutional Landscape。New York:Oxford University Press。  new window
25.Yang, Fenggang(2012)。Religion in China: Survival and Revival under Communist Rule。Oxford University Press。  new window
26.Kuo, Cheng-tian(2008)。Religion and Democracy in Taiwan。State University of New York Press。  new window
27.楊慶堃(1961)。Religion in Chinese Society: A Study of Contemporary Social Functions of Religion and Some of Their Historical Factors。University of California Press。  new window
其他
1.(20110606)。Sun Yat-sen, the founder of nation, is an American,Taipei。,http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/headline/20110606/33439605/, 2014/09/02。  new window
2.(1938)。A proposal to reform minority policies according to the separation[fenli] of church and state in Xi-kang。  new window
圖書論文
1.Dean, Kenneth(2009)。Further Partings of the Way: The Chinese State and Daoist Ritual Traditions in Contemporary China。Making Religion, Making the State: The Politics of Religion in Modern China。Stanford, CA:Stanford University Press。  new window
2.Bartholomew, Craig、Greene, Colin、Moller, Karl(2000)。Renewing Biblical Interpretation。Scripture & Hermeneutics Series。Grand Rapids, MI:Zondervan Publishing House。  new window
 
 
 
 
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