The focus of this research is on the bird-and-flower paintings, which are among the significant murals in a good number of temples over all Taiwan, since most scholarship on Taiwan temple paintings has explored fruitfully about the symbolic meanings of the figures on these pieces without paying adequate attention to the theme of birds and flowers. For seven years, I have conducted the extensive field research on Taiwan temples such as the Lungshan Temple at Lukang, Tienhou Temple at Lukang, the Lungshan Temple in Taipei, and the Chaotien Temple at Peikang and accumulated tens of thousands of related images in order to sort out their common designs and patterns. This paper is an attempt to seek out the formation and development of the bird-and-flower paintings, to dwell upon the components of the inscriptions and/or picture poems, to map out the candidates of avian and botanical species as showcased on these images, and to reflect on allegorical connotations of these vibrant representations. Furthermore, this paper casts a special light on those paintings without engraved captions or with corrupted inscriptions, especially via a careful comparison with the archive of bird-and-flower paintings and inscriptions so as to mend certain corruptions and inadequacies in some temple mural paintings. All in all, the research results are of practical benefit not only to the maintenance and rehabilitation of Taiwan historic sites but also to the promotion of cultural heritage and the multiple educational purposes.