中文詞間、詞內空格調整對閱讀的影響__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	中文詞間、詞內空格調整對閱讀的影響
書刊名：	臺南師院學報
作者：	楊憲明
作者(外文)：	Yang, Hsien-ming
出版日期：	1998
卷期：	31
頁次：	頁303-326
主題關鍵詞：	中文閱讀；空格；閱讀障礙；眼睛移動；閱讀理解；Chinese reading；Space；Dyslexia；Eye movements；Reading comprehension
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(10) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:9 共同引用:4 點閱:55

　　　　　本研究旨在探討調整中文的詞間空格與詞內空格大小比例，對中文閱讀的影響。目前中文文章印刷時，詞間空格與詞內空格大小相同，此項特徵使中文「詞」在閱讀時，缺乏視知覺的突顯性。因此，本研究乃調整詞界限進行實驗，以三種不同的詞間空格與詞內空格大小比例 (1mm: 1mm； 2mm:2mm: 4mm:1mm)，來呈現閱讀材料，讓比例 (1mm: 1mm； 4mm:1mm)，來呈現閱讀材料，讓閱讀障礙學生閱讀，以觀察不同詞間內空格比例對閱讀間詞的影響。實驗分為閱讀練習與正式測試二階段。第一階段，每一組別受試者，各接受一種詞內空格比例的閱讀材料，進行 12 週的閱讀練習，而後始正式測試。研究結果發現：在一般閱讀能力學生部份，不同詞間詞內空格比例組別，其單一句子、段落、和篇章閱讀之閱讀時間均無顯著之差異，單一句子重複閱讀之閱讀時間亦無顯著的差異。在閱讀障礙學生部份，不同詞間詞內空格比例組別，其單一句子和段落閱讀，以及單一句子重複閱讀之閱讀時間均有顯著之差異，4mm:1mm 詞間詞內空格比例組之閱讀時 1 間，較 1mm:1mm 詞間詞內空格比例組之閱讀時間短。惟篇章閱讀之閱讀時間無顯著之差異。以上結果顯示，詞界限調整，使中文「詞」在視知覺上較為明顯，此種關於詞彙語意觸接的視知覺層面因素之改變，對一般閱讀能力學生之閱讀沒有顯著的影響，但對閱讀障礙學生之閱讀有顯著的正向影響。對於結果之差異，研究者分析認為，可能與閱讀障礙者之視知覺缺陷有密切關係。

以文找文

　　　　　This study was conduct to address the influence of adjustment in space size of words on Chinese reading. Currently in all the book-printing of Chinese, between-word and within-word spaces are identical in their size. It is assumed that this characteristic leads to the decrease of visual-perceptual salience of Chinese "word" when reading Chinese. To investigate the effect of space-size adjustment on reading, the study manipulated the size- ratio of between-word and within-word spaces, with three different ratios of 1mm:1mm, 2mm:2mm, and 4mm:1mm used in reading materials of normal readers, and two different ratios of 1mm:1mm and 4mm:1mm in dyslexics. The study proceeded in two stages. First, subjects of each group were given a reading training for 12 weeks with reading materials of a fixed kind of ratio of space size. And then, a formal test was given. lnnormal readers, the results of the study showed that different ratios of space size have no significant effect on reading times of single sentence, paragraph, text, and single sentence being read in the second time. In dyslexics, however, different ratios of space size showed a significant effect on reading times of single sentence, paragraph, and single sentence being read in the second time, but not on text reading. The between-word and within-word space size in the ratio of 4mm:1mm produced reading time shorter than that of the space size in the ratio of 1mm:1mm. As shown on the above, the adjustment of the size of between-word and within-word spaces, which causes the increase of visual-perceptual salience of Chinese "word", exerts no significant influence on reading of Chinese in normal readers, but a significant positive influence on dyslexics' reading. The difference of the results was interpreted as related to visual-perceptual deficits in dyslexics.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	O'Regan, J. K.、Jacobs, M. A.(1992)。Optimal viewing position effect in word recognition: A Challenge to current theory。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and performance，18，185。
2.	Bouma, H.(1973)。Visual interference in the parafoveal recognition of initial and final letters of words。Vision Research，13(4)，767-782。
3.	Just, M. A.、Carpenter, P. A.(1992)。A capacity theory of comprehension: In-dividual differences in working memory。Psychological Review，99(1)，122-149。
4.	LaBerge, David、Samuels, S. Jay(1974)。Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading。Cognitive Psychology，6(2)，293-323。
5.	胡志偉、彭昭英、沈永正、楊金龍(19890600)。常用中文機率詞所代表的意義。中華心理學刊，31(1)，1-6。延伸查詢
6.	Adler-Grinberg, D.、Stark, L.(1978)。Eye movements, scanpaths and dyslexia。American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics，55(8)，557-570。
7.	Flom, M. C.、Weymouth, F. W.、Kahneman, D.(1963)。Visual resolution and contour interaction。Journal of the Optical Society of America，53，1026-1032。
8.	Geiger, G.、Lettvin, J. Y.(1987)。Peripheral vision in persons with dyslexia。The New England Journal of Medicine，316，1238-1243。
9.	Jacobs, A. M.(1987)。On the Role of Blank Spaces for Eye Movement Control in Visual Search。Perception & Psychophysics，41，473-479。
10.	Jacobs, R. A.(1979)。Visual Resolution and Contour Interaction in the Fovea and Periphery。Vision Research，19(11)，1187-1195。
11.	Latham, K.、Whitaker, D.(1996)。Relative roles of resolution and spatial interference in foveal and peripheral vision。Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics，16。
12.	Lovegrove, W. J.、Martin, F.、Slaghuis, W.(1986)。A Theoretical and Experimental Case For a Visual Deficit In Specific Reading Disability。Cognitive Neuropsychology，3，225-267。
13.	Lovegrove, W. L.、Slaghuis, W.(1989)。How reliably are visual differences found in dyslexics?。The Irish Journal of Psychology，10，542-550。
14.	Martos, F. J.、Vila, J.(1990)。Differences in eye movement control among dyslexic, retarded, and normal readers in the Spanish population。Reading and Writing，2，175-188。
15.	Morrison, R. E.(1984)。Manipulation of stimulus onset delay in reading: Evidence for parallel programming of saccades。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance，10(5)，667-682。
16.	O'Regan, J. K.(1979)。Saccade Size Control in Reading: Evidence for the Linguistic Control Hypothesis。Perception & Psychophysics，25，501-509。
17.	Pavlidis, G. T.(1985)。Eye movement differences between dyslexics, normal and retarded readers while sequentially fixating digits。American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics，62(12)，820-832。
18.	Perfetti, C. A.、Goldman, S. R.、Hogaboam, T. W.(1979)。Reading Skill and the Identification of Words in Discourse Context。Memory & Cognition，7，273-282。
19.	Perry, A. R.、Dember, W. N.、Warm, J. S.、Sacks, J. G.(1989)。Letter identification in normal and dyslexic readers: A verification。Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society，27，445-448。
20.	Rayner, K.、McConkie, G. W.(1976)。What guides a reader's eye movements?。Vision research，16，829-837。
21.	Rayner, K.、Morris, R. K.(1992)。Eye movement control in reading: Evidence against semantic preprocessing。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance，18，163-172。
22.	Rayner, K.(1993)。Eye movements in reading: Recent developments。Current Directions in Psychological Science，2，81-85。
23.	Stanovich, K. E.(1980)。Toward an interactive model of individual differences in the development of reading fluency。Reading Research Quarterly，16，32-71。
24.	Stuart, J. A.、Burian, H. M.(1962)。A study of separation difficulty: Its relationship to visual acuity in normal and amblyopic eyes。American Journal of Ophthalmology，53，471-477。
25.	Toet, A.、Levi, D. M.(1992)。The two-dimensional shape of spatial interaction zones in the parafovea。Vision Research，32，1349-1357。
26.	Vitu, F.(1991)。The existence of a center of gravity effect during reading。Vision Research，31，1289-1313。
27.	Westheimer, G.(1982)。The spatial grain of the perifoveal visual field。Vision Research，22，157-162。
28.	Wolford, G.、Chambers, L.(1983)。Lateral Masking as a Function of Spacing。Perception & Psychophysics，33，129-138。

研究報告
1.	胡志偉(1991)。中文詞的辨識歷程 : 一個詞優與詞劣效果的研究 (計畫編號：NSC 80-0301-H002-029)。臺北：台灣大學。延伸查詢

學位論文
1.	Yang, H. M.、McConkie, G. W.(1994)。Word perception and eye movements in Chinese reading，Champaign, IL/ Urbana, IL。

圖書
1.	周台傑(1992)。國民小學國語文成就測驗。彰化縣彰化市：精華出版社。延伸查詢
2.	俞筱鈞(1992)。瑞文氏彩色圖形推理測驗。台北：中國行為科學社。延伸查詢
3.	Rayner, K.、Pollatsek, A.(1989)。The psychology of reading。Englewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice Hall。
4.	Perfetti, C. A.(1985)。Reading ability。Oxford University Press。
5.	Arditi, A.、Cagenello, R.、Jacobs, B.(1995)。Letter, Strokewidth, spacing, and legibility。Vision science and its applications, technical digest series, Vol. 1。Washington, DC：Optical Society of America。
6.	Brysbaert, M.、Meyers, C.(1993)。The optimal viewing position for children with normal and with poor reading ability。Facets of Dyslexia and Remediation。Amsterdam, Netherlands：Elsevier Science。
7.	Carpenter, P. A.、Just, M. A.(1989)。The role of working memory in language comprehension。Complex information processing: The impact of Herbert A. Simon。Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum。
8.	Findlay, J. M.(1992)。Programming of stimulus elicited saccadic eye movements。Eye movements and visual cognition。New York, NY：Springer Verlag。
9.	Heller, D.、Heinisch, A.(1985)。Eye movement parameters in reading: Effects of Letter size ad letter spacing。Eye movements and Human information processing。Amsterdam, Netherlands：Elsevier。
10.	Humphreys, G. W.、Bruce, V.(1989)。Visual Cognition: Computational, Experimental, and Neuropsychological Perspectives。Erlbaum。
11.	McConkie, G. W.(1983)。Eye movements and perception during reading。Eye movements in reading. Perceptual and language processes。New York, NY：Academic Press。
12.	Menz, C.、Groner, R.(1985)。Experiments On Visual orientation: Effects of lining, Letter Spacing and Inserted Elements。Eye movements and Human information processing。Amsterdam, Netherlands：Elsevier。
13.	O'Regan, J. K.(1990)。Eye movements and reading。Review of oculomotor research: Vol. 4. Eye movements and their role in visual and cognitive processes。Amsterdam, Netherlands。
14.	Pollatsek, A.、Rayner, K.(1990)。Eye movements and lexical access in reading。Comprehension processes in reading。Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum。
15.	Samuels, S. J.、Kamil, M. L.(1984)。Models of reading process。Handbook of reading research。New York, NY：Longman。
16.	Whittaker, S. G.、Rohrkaste, F.、Higgins, K.(1989)。Optimum letter spacing for word recognition in central and eccentric fields。Noninvasive assessment of the visual system, technical digest series, vol. 7。Washington, DC：Optical Society of America。
17.	Willows, D. M.(1991)。Visual processing in learning disabilities。Learning about learning disabilities。New York, NY：Academic Press。

其他
1.	Chang, J. M.，Rueda, R. S.，Tzeng, O. J. L.，Bos, C. S.(1991)。Locus of reading disabilities: Clues from a Chinese study，0：Division of Special Education ＆ Rehabilitative Services, San Jose State University。

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