本研究目的旨在瞭解高雄市肺結核患者與非肺結核患者對肺結核的認知、態度及預防行為，並探討其肺結核知識來源、動機及需求，以提供有關單位日後針對肺結核患者與一般民眾制訂肺結核衛生教育之參考。 本研究以台灣地區第八次肺結核盛行率調查中， 高雄市受檢者經胸部X光攝影檢查及複診後確定為肺結核患者且已就醫治療者43人為舊肺結核患者，以尚未就醫者100人為新肺結核患者；另以盛行率調查中胸部X光攝影檢查結果呈現未罹患肺結核者，簡單隨機抽出143人做為對照組。以自擬的問卷收集資料，經統計分析所得結果如下： 1. 舊肺結核患者的肺結核知識屬於中下程度，其中對肺結核預後的認知最好，肺結核照護方法的知識最差；新肺結核患者及非肺結核患者的肺結核知識屬於中等程度，但對於肺結核傳染方式的認知，尚待加強。 2. 影響舊肺結核患者知識得分最重要的因素是「是否由醫護人員處獲取肺結核知識」，而影響非肺結核患者知識得分的重要影響因素為「是否聽過肺結核」、「希望獲知肺結核知識」。 3. 所有研究對象對於肺結核的態度大多屬於正向，唯有在「防治肺結核是民眾責任」的項目上偏向負向態度。 4. 影響舊肺結核患者態度得分的最重要因素是肺結核知識得分。而影響非肺結核患者態度得分的重要因素是肺結核知識得分和「是否希望獲知肺結核知識」，新肺結核患者與非肺結核患者在知識得分和是否定期執行胸部X光攝影檢查方面皆具有顯著差異，顯示要有正向的肺結核預防行為，必須從肺結核的衛生教育著手。

　　　　　The purpose of this study was to compare the knowledge, attitude and preventive behaviors about pulmonary tuberculosis for tuberculosis patients and non-tuberculosis patients and to investigate patients?knowledge resources, motivations to search the knowledge, and the needs of patients. The results could help to set up health education strategies for the public. This research was based on the eighth survey of tuberculosis prevalence in Taiwan. Three groups of subjects were recruited. Group I consisted of 43 subjects who had been diagnosed to have tuberculosis and had received treatment. In this research, they were labeled as old-tuberculosis patients. Group II consisted of 100 subjects who hadn't any treatment and were labeled as new-tuberculosis patients. Group III consisted of 143 subjects without abnormal chest films. Data were collected by questionnaires . Major results are shown as below: 1. The old-tuberculosis patients' knowledge of tuberculosis was at medium-low level. Their knowledge of tuberculosis prognosis was good overall but the study revealed some misconceptions about nursing care of tuberculosis. New-tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis patients?knowledge of tuberculosis is at medium level. But their knowledge of transmission of tuberculosis was poor. 2. The significant predictors of the knowledge of tuberculosis scores in the old-tuberculosis patients?group were their knowledge comes from health team members? in non-tuberculosis patients were 烠hey hear about tuberculosis?and 浵ope to get tuberculosis knowledge? 3. All three groups showed positive attitude. But they reported low attitude scores in prevention of tuberculosis is the duty of the public? 4. The most influential factor of attitude for old-tuberculosis patients was knowledge scores, and for non-tuberculosis patients were knowledge scores and hope to get tuberculosis knowledge. In new-tuberculosis patients and non-tuberculosis patients, knowledge scores were found to be significantly related to regular chest X-ray check up. Chest X-ray was one of the important screening tests for tuberculosis. Based on the finding in this research, we can improve participation in regular chest X-ray check up through health education program to improve their tuberculosis knowledge.