Thirty-two Taiwan Physics and Chemistry Olympians (14 and 18 respectively, of which 29 are males, 3 are females) served as the subjects in a study that asked three questions: (1) What are their current status? (2) What family and school factors contribute to the development of their scientific talents? (3) What impact did the Olympiad program have on them? By means of questionnaire survey and in-depth interview, the related data were collected. The questionnaires were originally developed by James R. Campbell for cross- cultural studies. The major findings were as follows: (1) the Olympians were all top university studnets for the time being, the majority were majoring in physics or chemistry (71% and 76% respectively); (2) the Olympians were mostly the first-born child in small families and were "discovered" at an early age (86% of them had been in a gifted class); (3) the SES of the Olympians, families were varied, though the majority were high; their family support and learning environment were reported strong and positive; (4) both the Olympians and their parents considered "encounter a good teacher" as the most important factor for the development of the Olympiads' scientific talents; (5) the Olympiad experiences were, in general, positive to the subjects, especially in learning attitude toward sciences and self-concept; on the other hand, over half of them felt "burn-out" during training and competition; (6) there were very few special programs designed for the Olympians during their college years; (7) only few Olympians (19%) had published research papers, most had not yet shown special achievement other than sciences as they were still students; (8) although the Olympians were individuals with unique characteristics, they were common in a great commitment in sciences. In conclusion, there was a great congruence of the findings with the follow-up study of Taiwan Mathematics Olympians (Wu & Chen, 1998).