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題名：菸需、菸稅與反菸：實證文獻回顧與臺灣個案
書刊名：人文及社會科學集刊
作者：徐茂炫／謝啟瑞
作者(外文)：Shi, Mau-shan／Hsieh, Chee-ruey
出版日期：1999
卷期：11:3
頁次：頁301-334
主題關鍵詞：癮性商品；香菸稅；香菸消費；價格彈性；反菸運動；菸控；Addictive goods；Cigarette taxes；Cigarette consumption；Price elasticity；Anti-smoking campaigns；Tobacco control
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(16) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:16
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:60
　　　　　本文回顧健康經濟文獻中有關香菸消費的實證研究，然後在美國經驗的對照下， 淺析我國香菸消費之今昔與特色。其目地除希望有助於經濟學界對「癮性」商品消費之瞭解 與興趣外，更期有助於我國未來有關吸菸課題之研究與相關政策之釐訂。綜觀國外實證文獻 可知， 香菸價格對香菸消費量有顯著負影響， 最常見的價格彈性估計範圍約在 -0.3 至 -0.5 之間。 同時，文獻上對香菸價格彈性有三個較具共識的發現：一、長期彈性大於短期 彈性；二、吸菸率價格彈性大過吸菸量的價格彈性；三、青少年的價格彈性較成人高。此無 異表示，透過菸稅提高的方式，可有效減少香菸消費，同時在長期及對青少年可發揮更大效 果。最後，文中亦模擬臺灣提高菸稅的影響。結果指出，在香菸需求價格彈性為 -0.6 的情 況下，香菸價格上升 10 ％，臺灣的總香菸消費量將減少約 1.13 億包，平均每人（ 15 歲 以上人口）減少約 7 包。 另外，政府的香菸稅收可因此增加約 37 億元，此金額約相當於 1995 年香菸公賣利益的 16 ％。
　　　　　This paper analyzes the effect of cigarette taxation on cigarette consumption. Based on existing empirical literature and the experiences of California, this paper concludes that raising taxes on cigarettes is an effective way to reduce cigarette consumption, while still being financially beneficial to the government. The consensus estimates of price elasticity of cigarette demand suggest that a 10 percent increase in cigarette prices causes a decrease in cigarette consumption of 3 percent to 5 percent. Also, we simulate the effect of increasing cigarette excise taxes in Taiwan. The result shows that sales of cigarettes will be reduced annually by 113 million packs (or 6.95 packs per adult) owing to an additional NT$2.88 tax increase per pack, with the annual government revenue increasing NT$3.7 billion.
期刊論文
1.Barzel, Y.(1976)。An Alternative Approach to the Analysis of Taxation。The Journal of Political Economy，84(6)，1177-1197。  new window
2.Lewit, Eugene M.、Coate, D.、Grossman, M.(1981)。The Effects of Government Regulations on Teenage Smoking。The Journal of Law & Economics，24(3)，545-569。  new window
3.Fujii, Edwin T.(1980)。The Demand for Cigarettes: Further Empirical Evidence and Its Implications for Public Policy。Applied Economics，12(4)，479-489。  new window
4.Leibenstein, Harvey(1950)。Bandwagon, Snob, and Veblen effects in the theory of consumers' demand。Quarterly Journal of Economics，64(2)，183-207。  new window
5.Balgati, Badi H.、Levin, Dan(1986)。Estimating Dynamic Demand for Cigarettes Using Panel Data: The Effects of Bootlegging, Taxation, and Advertising Reconsidered。Review of Economics and Statistics，68(1)，148-155。  new window
6.Grossman, Michael J.、Sindelar, Jody L.、Mullahy, John(1993)。Alcohol and Cigarette Taxes。The Journal of Economic Perspectives，7(4)，211-222。  new window
7.Viscusi, W. Kip(1990)。Do Smokers Underestimate Risks?。Journal of Political Economy，98(6)，1253-1269。  new window
8.Hu, T. W.、Sung, H. Y.、Keeler, T. E.(1995)。Reducing cigarette consumption in California: tobacco taxes vs an anti-smoking media campaign。American Journal of Public Health，85(9)，1218-1222。  new window
9.Becker, Gary Stanley、Murphy, Kevin M.(1988)。A Theory of Rational Addiction。Journal of Political Economy，96(4)，675-700。  new window
10.于宗先(1971)。臺灣煙酒需求。台灣經濟預測，2(1)，19-44。  延伸查詢new window
11.Barnett, Paul G.、Keeler, Theodore E.、Hu, Teh-Wei(1995)。Oligopoly Structure and the Incidence of Cigarette Excise Taxes。Journal of Public Economics，57(3)，457-470。  new window
12.Becker, Gary S.、Grossman, Michael、Murphy, Kevin M.(1994)。An Empirical Analysis of Cigarette Addition。American Economic Review，84(3)，396-418。  new window
13.Bishop, John A.、Yoo, Jang H.(1985)。Health Scare, Excise Taxes and Advertising Ban in the Cigarette Demand and Supply。Southern Economic Journal，52(2)，402-411。  new window
14.Chaloupka, Frank J.(1991)。Rational Addiction Behavior and Cigarette Smoking。Journal of Political Economy，99(4)，722-742。  new window
15.Chaloupka, Frank J.、Saffer, H.(1992)。Clean Indoor Air Laws and the Demand for Cigarettes。Contemporary Policy Issues，10(2)，72-83。  new window
16.Chaloupka, Frank J.、Wechsler, Henry(1997)。Price, Tobacco Control Policies and Smoking among Young Adults。Journal of Health Economics，16(3)，359-373。  new window
17.Hu, Teh-Wei(1997)。Cigarette Taxation in China: Lessons from International Experiences。Tabacco Control，6(1)，136-140。  new window
18.Hu, Teh-Wei、Bai, Joan、Keeler, Theodore E.(1994)。The Impact of 1989 California Major Anti-Smoking Legislation on Cigarette Consumption。Journal of Public Health Policy，15(1)，26-36。  new window
19.Hu, Teh-Wei、Ren, Qui-Fang、Keeler, Theodore E.(1995)。The Demand for Cigarettes in California and Behavioral Risk Factors。Health Economics，4(1)，7-14。  new window
20.Keeler, Theodore E.、Hu, The-Wei、Barnett, P. G.、Manning, W. G.(1993)。Taxation, Regulation, and Addiction: A Demand Function for Cigarettes Based on Time-series Evidence。Journal of Health Economics，12(1)，1-18。  new window
21.Keeler, Theodore. E.、Hu, Teh-Wei、Barnett, Paul G.(1996)。Do Cigarette Producers Price-Discriminate by State? An Empirical Analysis of Local Cigarette Pricing and Taxation。Journal of Health Economics，15(4)，499-512。  new window
22.Leu, Robert E.(1984)。Anti-smoking Publicity, Taxation, and the Demand for Cigarettes。Journal of Health Economics，3(2)，101-116。  new window
23.Lewit, Eugene M.、Coate, Douglas(1982)。The Potential for Using Excise Taxes to Reduce Smoking。Journal of Health Economics，1(2)，121-145。  new window
24.Lyon, Andrew B.、Schwab, Robert M.(1995)。Consumption Taxes in a Life-cycle Framework: Are Sin Taxes Regressive?。Review of Economics and Statistics，77(3)，389-406。  new window
25.Manning, Willard G.、Keller, Emmett B.、Newhouse, Joseph P.(1989)。The Taxes of Sin: Do Smokers and Drinkers Pay Their Way?。Journal of American Medical Association，261(11)，1604-1609。  new window
26.Schneider, L.、Klein, Benjamin、Murphy, K. M.(1981)。Government Regulation of Cigarette Health Information。Journal of Law and Economics，24，575-612。  new window
27.Seldon, Barry J.、Doroodian, Khosrow(1989)。A Simultaneous Model of Cigarette Advertising Effects on Demand and Industry Response to Public Policy。Review of Economics and Statistics，71(4)，673-677。  new window
28.Seldon, Barry J.、Boyd, R.(1991)。The Stability of Cigarette Demand。Applied Economics，23(2)，319-326。  new window
29.Stavrinos, Vasilios G.(1987)。The Effects of an Anti-smoking Campaign on Cigarette Consumption: Empirical Evidence from Greece。Applied Economics，19(3)，323-329。  new window
30.Sung, Hai-Yen、Hu, Teh-Wei、Keeler, Theodore E.(1994)。Cigarette Taxation and Demand: An Empirical Model。Contemporary Economic Policy，12(3)，91-100。  new window
31.Townsend, Joy L.(1987)。Cigarette Tax, Economic Welfare and Social Class Patterns of Smoking。Applied Economics，19(3)，355-365。  new window
32.Tremblay, Carol Horton、Tremblay, Victor J.(1995)。The Impact of Cigarette Advertising on Consumer Surplus, Profit, and Social Welfare。Contemporary Economic Policy，13(1)，113-124。  new window
33.Warner, Kenneth E.(1990)。Tobacco Taxation as Health Policy in the Third World。American Journal of Public Health，80(5)，529-530。  new window
34.Wasserman, Jeffrey、Manning, Willard G.、Newhouse, Joseph P.、Winkler, John D.(1991)。The Effects of Excise Taxes and Regulations on Cigarette Smoking。Journal of Health Economics，10，43-64。  new window
35.Hu, T. W.、Keeler, T. E.、Sung, H. Y.(1995)。The Impact of California Anti-Smoking Legislation on Cigarette Sales, Consumption, and Prices。Tob Control，4(Suppl. 1)，534-538。  new window
會議論文
1.Chaloupka, Frank J.、Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo、Grossman, Michael(1998)。Limiting Youth Access to Tobacco: The Early Impact of the Synar Amendment on Youth Smoking。The 3rd Biennial Pacific Rim Allied Economic Organizations Conference，(會議日期: 1998/01/04)。Bangkok。  new window
2.Hsieh, Chee-Ruey(1998)。The Economics of Tobacco in Taiwan。Conference on the Economics of Tobacco Control: Towards an Optimal Policy Mix，(會議日期: 1998/02/18/-1998/02/20)。Cape Town。  new window
3.Hsieh, Chee-Ruey、Hu, Teh-Wei、Lin, Chien-Fu J.(1997)。The Demand for Cigarettes in Taiwan: Domestic versus Imported Cigarettes。The 72nd Annual Conference of Western Economics Association，(會議日期: 1997/07/09-1997/07/13)。Seattle。  new window
研究報告
1.立法院(1997)。立法院公報。台北：立法院祕書。  延伸查詢new window
2.臺灣省菸酒公賣局(1996)。台灣地區菸酒事業統計年報。台北：台灣省菸酒公賣局。  延伸查詢new window
3.Harris, Jeffrey E.(1994)。A Working Model for Predicting the Consumption and Revenue Impacts of Large Increases in the U.S. Federal Cigarette Excise Tax。  new window
圖書
1.Viscusi, W. Kip(1992)。Smoking: Making the Risky Decision。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
2.行政院主計處(1992)。中華民國台灣地區八十一年個人所得分配調查報告。台北：行政院主計處。  延伸查詢new window
3.董氏基金會(1996)。財團法人董氏基金會。台北：董氏基金會。  延伸查詢new window
4.Lynch, Barbara S.、Bonnie, Richard J.(1994)。Growning Up Tobacco Free: Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths。Washington, D. C.：National Academy Press。  new window
5.Manning, Willard G.、Keller, Emmett B.、Newhouse, Joseph P.(1991)。The Cost of Poor Health Habits。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
6.Simonich, W. L.(1991)。Government Antismoking Policies。New York：Peter Lang Publishing。  new window
7.U. S. Department of Health and Human Services(1989)。Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress, A Report of the Surgeon General。Washington, D. C.：U.S. Government Printing Office。  new window
8.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services(1996)。The Context for Change: Assessing the Impact of Intervention, A Report of the Surgeon General。Washington, D.C.：U.S. Government Printing Office。  new window
其他
1.立法院(1993)。立法院會議第二會期議事錄：臨時提案目錄，台北：立法院。  延伸查詢new window
2.董氏基金會(1998)。民間團體推動增修菸酒稅法草案第七條之一加徵每包菸品十元健康福利捐說帖，台北：董氏基金會。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Harris, Jeffrey E.(1987)。The 1983 Increase in the Federal Cigarette Excise Tax。Tax Policy and the Economy。Cambridge, MA：NBER：MIT Press。  new window
2.Porter, R. H.(1986)。The Impact of Government Policy on the U.S. Cigarette Industry。Empirical Approaches to Consumer Protection Economics。US Government Printing Office。  new window
3.Viscusi, W. Kip(1995)。Cigarette Taxation and the Social Consequences of Smoking。Tax Policy and the Economy。Cambridge, MA：NBER：MIT Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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