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Quantitative evidence from Japanese and American English。Journal of Pragmatics,10(3),347-371。 | 18. | James, S.(1978)。Effects of listener age and situation on the politeness of children's directives。Journal of Psycholinguistic Research,7,307-317。 | 19. | Kasper, Gabriele(1990)。Linguistic politeness: current research issues。Journal of Pragmatics: Politeness,14(2),193-218。 | 20. | Keenan, E. O.(1976)。The universality of conversational postulates。Language in Society,5,67-80。 | 21. | Lakoff, Robin(1974)。What you can do with words: politeness, pragmatics and performativws。Berkeley Studies in Syntax and Semantics,16(1),1-55。 | 22. | Lakoff, Robin(1989)。The limits of politeness: therapeutic and courtroom discourse。Multilingua,8(2/3),101-129。 | 23. | Shatz, M.(1978)。On the development of communicative understandings: an early strategy for interpreting and responding to messages。Cognitive Psychology,10,271-301。 | 24. | Tannen, D.(1981)。Indirectness in discourse: Ethnicity as conversational style。Discourse processes,4,221-238。 | 25. | Thomas, J.(1983)。Corss-cultural pragmatic failure。Applied Linguistics,4(2),91-109。 | 26. | Ward, Gregory L.、Hirschberg, Julia(1991)。A pragmatic analysis of tautological utterances。Journal of Pragmatics,15,507-520。 | 27. | Wierzbick, Anna(1987)。Boys will be boys: 'Radical semantics' vs. 'radical pragmatics'。Language,63,95-114。 | 28. | Matsumoto, Yoshiko(1989)。Politeness and conversational universalsobservations from Japanese。Multlltngua,8,207-221。 | 29. | Bates, E.、Camaioni, L.、Volterra, V.(19750700)。The acquisition of performatives prior to speech。Merrill-Palmer Quarterly,21(3),205-226。 | 30. | Richards, Jack C.、Sukwiwat, Mayuri(1983)。Language Transfer and Conversational Competence。Applied Linguistics,4(2),113-125。 | 31. | Garvey, C.(1975)。Requests and responses in children's speech。Journal of Child Language,2,41-63。 | 32. | Matsumoto, Y.(1988)。Reexamination of the universality of face: Politeness phenomena in Japanese。Journal of Pragmatics,12(4),403-426。 | 33. | Wierzbicka, A(1985)。Different cultures, different languages, different speech acts: Polish vs. English。Journal of Pragmatics,9(2/3),145-178。 | 34. | Sacks, H.、Schegloff, E. A.、Jefferson, G.(1974)。A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation。Language,50,696-735。 | 35. | King, S. W.、Lustig, M. W.(1980)。The effect of communication apprehension and situation on communication strategy choice。Human Communication Research,7,74-82。 | 36. | Cody, M. J.、McLaughlin, M. L.、Schneider, M. J.(1981)。The impact of relational consequences and intimacy on the selection of interpersonal persuasion tactics: a reanalysis。Communication Quarterly,29,91-106。 | 37. | Baxter, L. A.(1984)。An investigation of compliance-gaining as politeness。Human Communication Research,10(3),427-456。 | 38. | Brown, Roger、Ford, Marguerite(1961)。Address in American English。Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,62,375-385。 | 39. | 顧曰國(1990)。Politeness phenomena in Modern Chinese。Journal of Pragmatics,14(2),237-257。 | 40. | Hu, Shien-chin(1944)。The Chinese Concept of 'Face'。American Anthropologist,46(1),45-64。 | 41. | Blum-Kulka, Shoshana(1987)。Indirectness and politeness in requests: same or different?。Journal of Pragmatics,11(2),131-146。 | 42. | 何有暉(1976)。On the concept of face。American Journal of Sociology,81(4),867-884。 | 43. | Ervin-Tripp, Susan(1976)。Is Sybil there? The structure of some American English directives。Language in Society,5(1),25-66。 | 44. | Kasper, Gabriele、Dahl, M.(1991)。Research methods in interlanguage pragmatics。Studies in Second Language Acquisition,13(2),215-248。 | 45. | Hess, R. D.、Shipman, V. C.(1965)。Early experience and the socialization of cognitive modes in children。Child Development,36(4),869-886。 | 46. | Falbo, T.、Peplau, L. A.(1980)。Power Strategies in Intimate Relationships。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,38,618-628。 | 47. | Fraser, Bruce、Nolen, William(1981)。The association of deference with linguistic form。Internaitonal Journal of Sociology of Language,27,93-109。 | 48. | Blum-Kulka, Shoshana(1982)。Learning to say what you mean in a second language: a study of the speech act performance of learners of Hebrew as a second language。Applied Linguistics,3(1),29-59。 | 49. | Haas, Adelaide(1979)。Male and Female Spoken Language Differences: Stereotypes and Evidence。Psychological Bulletin,86,616-626。 | 50. | Cohen, A.、Olshtain, E.(1981)。Developing a measure of sociocultural cornpetence: The case of apology。Language Learning,31(1)。 | 會議論文1. | Huang, Shuanfan(1984)。Two Studies on Prototype Semantics: Xiao (Filial Piety) and Mei Mianzi (Loss of Face)。The International Symposium on Psychological Aspects of the Chinese Language,(會議日期: 1984/07/02-07/05)。Hong Kong。 | 2. | Azuma, H.、Hess, R. 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H.(1972)。The comparison of vocal communication in animals and man。Non-verbal communication。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。 | 33. | Ueda, Keiko(1974)。Sixteen ways to avoid saying no in Japan。Intercultural Encounters with Japan。Tokyo:Simul Press。 | 34. | Vanderbilt, Amy、Wilson, Deirdre(1978)。The Amy Vanderbilt complete book of etiquette: A guide to contemporary living。Garden City, NY:Doubleday。 | 35. | Walker, Anne Graffam(1987)。Linguistic Manipulation, Power, and the Legal Setting。Power through discourse。Norwood, NJ:Ablex Publishing Corporation。 | 36. | Walper, Sabine、Valtin, Renate(1992)。Children's understanding of white lies。Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs 59: Politeness in Language。Mouton De Gruyter。 | 37. | Waterson, Natalie、Snow, Catherine(1978)。The development of communication。New York:John Wiley and Sons。 | 38. | Watts, Richard J.(1992)。Linguistic politeness and politic verbal behavior: reconsidering claims for universality。Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs 59: Politeness in Language。Mouton De Gruyter。 | 39. | Werkhofer, Konrad T.(1992)。Traditional and modern views: the social constitution and the power of politeness。Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs 59: Politeness in Language。Mouton De Gruyter。 | 40. | Wierzbicka, Anna(1991)。Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs 53: Cross-Cultural Pragmatics。New York:Mouton de Gruyter。 | 41. | Zimmermann, Klaus(1985)。Bemerkungen zur Beschreibung der interaktiven Funktion hoflichkeitsmarkierender grammatikalischer Elemente。Grammatik, Konversation, Interaktion。Tubingen:Niemeyer。 | 42. | Matsumori, A.(1981)。Hahoya no.kodomo e no gengo ni yoru koodoo kisei-yookyuu hyoogen no nichibei hikaku。Gengo shuutoku no shosoo。Hiroshima:Bunka Hyoron。 | 43. | Mitchell-Kernan, C.、Kernan, K. 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H.(1971)。On Communicative Competence。Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press。 | 56. | Levinson, Stephen C.(1983)。Pragmatics。Cambridge。 | 57. | Searle, John R.(1969)。Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language。Cambridge University Press。 | 58. | Brown, Penelope、Levinson, Stephen C.(1987)。Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage。Cambridge University Press。 | 59. | Labov, William(1972)。Sociolinguistic patterns。University of Pennsylvania Press。 | 60. | Quirk, Randolph、Greenbaum, Sidney、Leech, Geoffrey、Svartvik, Jan(1985)。A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language。Longman。 | 61. | Lyons, John(1977)。Semantics。Cambridge University Press。 | 62. | Chomsky, Noam(1965)。Aspects of the Theory of Syntax。MIT Press。 | 63. | Leech, Geoffrey Neill(1983)。Principles of Pragmatics。Longman。 | 64. | Daniel, Wayne W.(1990)。Applied Nonparametric Statistics。Boston:PWS-KENT Publishing Company。 | 65. | Morris, Charles(1971)。Writings on the General Theory of Signs。Hague:Mouton。 | 66. | Wolfson, Nessa、Marmor, Thomas、Jones, Steve(1989)。Problems in the comparison of speech acts across cultures。Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies。Norwood, NJ:Ablex。 | 67. | Preston, Dennis R.(1989)。Sociolinguistics and Second Language Acquisition。Basil Blackwell。 | 68. | Bardwick, J.(1971)。Psychology of women。New York:Harper and Row。 | 單篇論文1. | Kimsuvan, A.(1984)。Verstehensprozess bei interkultureller Kommunikation. Am Beispiel: Beutsche in Thailand,Heidelberg University。 | 圖書論文1. | Ervin-Tripp, Susan(1977)。Wait for me, roller stake!。Child discourse。New York:Academic Press。 | 2. | Goody, E. N.(1978)。Towards a theory of questions。Questions and politeness。Cambridge University Press。 | 3. | Levenston, E.(1975)。Aspects of testing the oral proficiency of adult immigrants to Canada。Papers on Language Testing 1967-1974。Washington:TESOL。 | 4. | Shils, Edward A.(1968)。Deference。Social Stratification. Sociological Studies。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。 | 5. | Morris, Charles(1938)。Foundations of the theory of signs。International Encyclopedia of Unified Science。Chicago:University of Chicago Press。 | 6. | Rubin, Joan(1983)。How to Tell When Someone is saying "no" revisited。Sociolinguistics and Language Acquisition。London:Newbury House Publishers, Inc.。 | 7. | Cross, Toni G.(1978)。Mother's speech and its association with rate of linguistic development in young children。The Development of Communication。New York:Wiley。 | 8. | Schegloff, E. A.(1972)。Sequencing in Conversational Openings。Directions in sociolinguistics。New York:Holt, Rinehart & Winston。 | 9. | Grice, H. P.(1967)。Logic and conversation。Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts。New York:Academic Press。 | 10. | Pomerantz, Anita(1984)。Agreeing and disagreeing with assessments: Some features of preferred/dispreferred turn shapes。Structures of social action: studies in conversation analysis。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。 | 11. | Clancy, Patricia M.(1986)。The acquisition of communicative style in Japanese。Language socialization across cultures。Cambridge University Press。 | 12. | Brown, Roger W.、Gilman, A.(1960)。The pronouns of power and solidarity。Style in Language。Cambridge, Mass:MIT Press:Cambridge University Press。 | 13. | Rintell, Ellen、Mitchell, Candace J.(1989)。Studying requests and apologies: An inquiry into method。Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies。Norwood, NJ:Ablex。 | 14. | Brown, Penelope、Levinson, Stephen C.(1978)。Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena。Questions and politeness: Strategies in social interaction。Cambridge University Press。 | 15. | Olshtain, Elite(1983)。Sociocultural competence and language transfer: the case of apologies。Language Transfer in Language Learning。Newbury House Publishers。 | |
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