:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:Comparison of Languages in Contact : The Distillation Method and the Case of Bai
作者:汪鋒
作者(外文):Wang, Feng
出版日期:2006
出版項:臺北市:中央研究院語言學研究所
集叢:語言暨語言學專刊;乙種, 2
ISBN:986-00-5228-X
主題關鍵詞:白語漢語詞階分析法不可釋原則
學門:語言學
資料類型:專書
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:81
白語與漢語在歷史上長期接觸,關係複雜,從而也使得學者們在漢白語源關係上眾說紛紜。本研究嘗試運用“還原比較法"(The Distillation Method) 來梳理二者的淵源糾葛。“還原比較法"由以下步驟構成:(1) 內部比較 (Intra-comparison);(2) 外部比較 (Intercomparison);(3) 語源鑒別。內部比較可以排除白語方言從原始白語分化之後的晚近借用和創新。外部比較主要是濾掉原始白語中的早期借詞。這樣一來,就可以得到用於更為可靠的材料來探討白語的親緣傳遞。在語源鑒別部分,對於經過內部比較和外部比較還原後的漢白關係詞,可以用不可釋原則 (Inexplicability Principle) 和詞階分析
(Rank Theory) 來判斷它們來自遺傳還是借用。內部比較根據九個白語方言的第一手材料來重構原始白語(包括音韻系統、詞句法結構和基本詞彙)。在重構過程中,遴選了十九項語言創新(包括語音創新、語義創新和辭彙替換),作為白語方言分區的特徵;並借助一些生物遺傳學演算法程式(PAUP 和PENNY 等),繪製了白語方言的譜系樹,該樹圖顯示白語西支和東支的分化對立最早發生。外部比較主要是通過對漢白關係詞進行層次分析,從而將白語中的早期漢語借
詞排除出去。經過外部比較還原後的漢白關係詞集構成了漢白關係詞的最早層次。應用不可釋原則和詞階分析法後,結果都清楚地表明漢白關係詞是遺傳自共同祖語的,而不是白語從漢語中借貸的。
This study proposes the Distillation Method for the comparative studies on languages in contact. This method is applied to the Bai language, which comes under heavy contact with Chinese. The distillation method consists of the following steps: (i) Intra-comparison; (ii) Inter-comparison; and (iii) Recognition. The intra-comparison may exclude later borrowings and recent innovatios in the Bai dialects after their separation from Proto-Bai. The second step, inter-comparison is used to exclude some early borrowings before Proto-Bai. Therefore, the data on the genetic transmission of the Bai language may be made cleaner. In the recognition part, the Inexplicability Principle and the Rank Theory can be made use to recognize the inheritance status of the lexical items in the cleaner data.
Intra-comparison uses the first-hand data from nine different Bai dialects to reconstruct a Proto-Bai system, including the phonological system, some morphosyntactic structures and some basic words. In principle, Proto-Bai contains only the elements of the Bai dialects inherited from their common ancestor. Nineteen innovations, including phonological innovations, semantic innovations and lexical replacements are selected as criteria for subgrouping the nine modern Bai dialects. Two phylogenetic algorithms, PAUP and PENNY, are used to generate the tree for the nine Bai dialects based on the nineteen characters. This work proposes a subgroup structure for the Bai dialects─Western Bai vs. Eastern Bai.
Inter-comparison mainly stratifies the Sino-Bai related words thus allowing the exclusion of borrowed layers in Proto-Bai from Chinese. The rest of the Sino-Bai related words after this distillation are accumulated as the “oldest” layer, which represents the cleaner data. Two ways, namely, the Inexplicability Principle and Chen’s (1996) Rank Theory are then used to recognize the refined Sino-Bai related words as cognates rather than borrowings.
期刊論文
1.孫天心(20031000)。Phonological Profile of Zhongu: A New Tibetan Dialect of Northern Sichuan。語言暨語言學,4(4),769-836。new window  new window
2.Sagart, Laurent、Xu, Shixuan(2001)。History through loanwords: the loan correspondences between Hani and Chinese。Cahiers de Linguistique-Asie Orientale,30(1),3-54。  new window
3.Sagart, Laurent(1986)。On the Departing Tone。Journal of Chinese Linguistics,14(1),90-113。  new window
4.Swadesh, Morris(1952)。Lexico-statistic dating of prehistoric ethnic contacts。Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society,96(4),452-463。  new window
5.Swadesh, Morris(1955)。Time depths of American linguistic groupings。American Anthropologist,56(3),361-377。  new window
6.Benedict, Paul K.(1939)。Semantic differentiation in Indo-Chinese。Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies,4(3/4),213-229。  new window
7.Handel, Zev(2002)。Rethinking the medials of Old Chinese: Where are the r's?。Cahiers de Linguistique-Asie Orientale,31(1),3-32。  new window
8.Camin, J. H.、Sokal, R. R.(1965)。A method for deducing branching sequences in phylogeny。Evolution,19,311-326。  new window
9.陳保亞(1999)。Table of initial correspondences of Chinese-Tai related words。Yuyanxue Luncong,22,186-225。  new window
10.戴慶廈(1979)。The origin of tense/lax vowel in Tibeto-Burman languages of China。Minzu Yuwen,1,31-39。  new window
11.Edmondson, Jerold A.、Li, Shaoni(1994)。Voice quality and voice quality change in the Bai language of Yunnan Province。Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area,17(2),49-68。  new window
12.Greenberg, Joseph H.(20010700)。The Methods and Purposes of Linguistic Genetic Classification。語言暨語言學,2(2),111-135。  new window
13.Benedict, P. K.(1973)。Tibeto-Burman tones, with a note on teleo-reconstruction。Acta Orientalia,35,127-138。  new window
14.van Driem, George(1997)。Sino-Bodic。Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies,60(3),455-488。  new window
15.Haugen, Einar(1950)。The analysis of linguistic borrowing。Language,26,210-231。  new window
16.Kxishnamurti, Bh.、Moses, L.、Danforth, D.(1983)。Unchanged cognates as a criterion in linguistic subgrouping。Language,59,541-568。  new window
17.Li, Fang-kuei(1973)。Languages and dialects。Journal of Chinese Linguistics,1,1-13。  new window
18.李紹尼、Edmondson, A. J.(1990)。Phonetic and phonological type of Jianchuan Bai of Yunnan。Zhongyang Minzu Xueyuan Xuebao,5,70-74。  new window
19.李作南(1965)。Pronouns in Hakka dialects。Zhongguo Yuwen,6,224-231。  new window
20.Matisoff, J. A.(2000)。On ‘Sino-Bodic’。Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies,63,356-369。  new window
21.邵榮芬(1991)。The two OC origins of Xia initial of MC。Yuyan Yanjiu,1,118-127。  new window
22.邵榮芬(1995)。More evidence for the two OC origins of MC Xia initial。Zhongguo Yuyan Xuebao,7,121-134。  new window
23.孫宏開(2001)。The historical position of the Naxi language among Tibeto-Burman languages。Yuyan Yanjiu,1,90-99。  new window
24.丁邦新(1984)。A study on tones of Wu dialect。Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica,55(4),755-788。  new window
25.汪鋒(2003)。A study on the z/zh variation in Yingshan dialect。Yuyanxue Luncong,28,264-287。  new window
26.汪鋒(2005)。On the genetic position of the Bai language。Cahiers de Linguistique - Asie Orientate,34(1),101-127。  new window
27.汪鋒(2006)。Rethinking the *-s hypothesis for Chinese qusheng tone。Journal of Chinese linguistics,34(1),1-24。  new window
28.王鋒(2001)。The brief description on the Xishan Bai。Minzu Yuwen,5,70-80。  new window
29.王洪君(1986)。Literal/colloquial variations and strata-competing change。Yuyanxue Luncong,17,122-153。  new window
30.王均(1962)。Chinese loanwords in Zhuang languages。Zhongguo Yuwen,6,251-264。  new window
31.吳安其(2000)。Classification of Tibeto-Burman languages and the arrangement of Bai。Minzu Yuwen,1,1-12。  new window
32.項夢冰(2001)。The origin of genitive form of single personal pronoun in Hakka。Yuyanxue Luncong,24,70-105。  new window
33.曾曉渝(2003)。The phonetic value of Jian initial in Old Chinese。Zhongguo Yuwen,2,109-120。  new window
34.姚小平(1988)。The review on the theory of basic color terms。Waiyu Jiaoxu yu Yanjiu,73,19-28。  new window
35.汪鋒、王士元(200407)。Basic Words and Language Evolution。語言暨語言學,5(3),643-662。new window  延伸查詢new window
36.Wang, William S Y.(1969)。Competing changes as a cause of residu。Language,45(1),9-25。  new window
37.丁邦新(19821200)。漢語方言區分的條件。清華學報,14(1/2),257-273。new window  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.Ben Hamed, Mahé、Wang, Feng(2004)。From evolutionary biology to the evolution of languages: the edge of transposability。The International Conference on Language, Culture and Mind,(會議日期: 2004/07/18-07/20)。University of Portsmouth。  new window
2.蔣紹愚(2002)。The historical change from ‘zou’ to ‘pao’。The International symposium on the Historical Aspects of Chinese Language: Commemorating the Centennial Birthday of the Late Professor Li Fang-kuei,(會議日期: 2002/08/15-17)。University of Washington。  new window
3.Lee, Yeon-ju、Sagart, L.(1998)。The strata of Bai。The 31th ICSTLL,(會議日期: 1998/09/30-10/04)。University of Lund。  new window
4.Li, Fang-kuei(1976)。Sino-Tai。The 1st Japan-US Joint Seminar on East and Southeast Asian Language,230-239。  new window
5.Nivison, D. S.(1992)。On "modal" qi。The 25th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics。Berkeley。  new window
6.Starostin, S.(1994)。The historical position of Bai。The 27th Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics,(會議日期: 1994/10/11-10/15)。Paris。  new window
7.Starostin, S.(1994)。The reconstruction of Proto-Kiranti。The 27th Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics,(會議日期: 1994/10/11-10/15)。Paris。  new window
8.孫宏開(2003)。A interrogative morpheme in Sino-Tibetan languages(會議日期: 2003/12/19)。HKUST。  new window
9.Sun, Jackson T-S、Lin, Youjing(2002)。On breathy voice in Qiuji Tibetan。The Eighth International Symposium on Chinese Languages and Linguistics。Taipei:Academia Sinica。  new window
10.丁邦新(2002)。On the relationship between Chinese and Tai。The International symposium on the Historical Aspects of Chinese Language: Commemorating the Centennial Birthday of the Late Professor Li Fang-kuei,(會議日期: 2002/08/15-17)。University of Washington。  new window
11.汪鋒(2004)。Some issues related to the comparison of Bai。The 3rd Cross-straits Workshop on Tibeto-Burman Language and Linguistics,(會議日期: 2004/04/17-04/18)。Hong Kong:City University of Hong Kong。  new window
學位論文
1.汪鋒(2004)。Language Contact and Language Comparison -The Case of Bai(-)。City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong。  new window
圖書
1.Campbell, Lyle(1998)。Historical Linguistics: An Introduction。Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press。  new window
2.Trask, Robert L.(1996)。Historical Linguistics。London:New York:Arnold, a member of the Hodder Headline Group:Arnold, a member of the Hodder Headline Group。  new window
3.Sagart, Laurent(1999)。The Roots of Old Chinese。John Benjamins。  new window
4.Matisoff, James A.(2003)。Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction。Berkeley:University of California Press。  new window
5.北京大學中國語言文學系語言學教研室(1995)。Lexicon of Chinese Dialects。Beijing:Yuwen Chubanshe。  延伸查詢new window
6.陳章太、李如龍(1991)。Studies on Min Dialect。Beijing:Yuwen Chubanshe。  延伸查詢new window
7.陳保亞(1999)。On the Methodologies of Chinese Linguistic in 20th Century。Ji'nan:Shandong Jiaoyu Chubanshe。  new window
8.陳保亞(1996)。Language Contact and Language Union。Beijing:Yuwen Chubanshe。  new window
9.Dryer, M. S.(1988)。Universals of negative position。Studies in Syntactic Typology。Amseterdam:John Benjamins。  new window
10.van Driem, George(2001)。Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook。Leiden。  new window
11.Felsenstein(1986)。Phylogeny Inference Package (PHYLIP)。Seattle:University of Washington。  new window
12.Feynman, Richard Phillips、Leighton, Robert B.、Sands, Matthew L.(1963)。The Feynman Lectures on Physics。Reading:Addison-Wesley。  new window
13.耿振生(2001)。Introduction to Tradition Chinese Phonology。Shijiazhuang:Hebei Jiaoyu Chubanshe。  new window
14.龔煌城(2002)。Collected Papers on Sino-Tibetan Linguistics。Taipei:Institute of Linguistics (Preparatory Office), Academia Sinica。  new window
15.Handel, Zev(2003)。A concise introduction to Old Chinese phonology。Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction。Berkeley:University of California Press。  new window
16.黃布凡(1992)。A Tibeto-Burman Lexicon。Beijing:Zhongyang Minzu Xueyuan Chubanshe。  new window
17.江應棟(1983)。The History of the Tai Nationality。Chengdu:Sichuan Minzu Chubanshe。  new window
18.龔煌城(2002)。The reconstruction of some initials in Old Chinese from the viewpoint of Sino-Tibetan comparison。Collected Papers on Sino-Tibetan Linguistics。Taipei:Institute of Linguistics (Preparatory Office), Academia Sinica。  new window
19.龔煌城(2002)。The reconstruction of liquid endings in Old Chinese from the viewpoint of Sino-Tibetan comparison。Collected Papers on Sino-Tibetan Linguistics。Taipei:Institute of Linguistics (Preparatory Office), Academia Sinica。  new window
20.金鵬(1981)。Comparison on the pronouns of Lhasa Tibetan and spoken Putonghua。Collections of the Nationality Studies by Jinpeng。Beijing:Minzu Chubanshe。  new window
21.Lacouperie, T.(1887)。The Languages of China Before the Chinese。London:David Nutt, 270, Strand。  new window
22.李方桂(1971)。Studies on Old Chinese Phonology。Beijing:Shangwu Yinshuguan。  new window
23.梁敏、張均如(1996)。A Conspectus on Kam-Tai Languages。Beijing:Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe。  new window
24.羅常培(1943)。Linguistics in Yunnan。Language and Culture。Beijing:Yuwen Chubanshe。  new window
25.呂叔湘(1985)。The Chinese Pronouns in Recent Time。Shanghai:Xuelin Chubanshe。  new window
26.馬曜(1988)。The Brief History of Bai。Kunming:Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe。  new window
27.Matisoff, J. A.(1978)。Variational Semantics in Tibeto-Burman, the “Organic” Approach to Linguistic Comparison。Philadelphia:Institute for the Study of Human Issues。  new window
28.Matisoff, J. A.(2000)。On the uselessness of glottochronology for the subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman。Time Depth in Historical Linguistics。The McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge。  new window
29.Pagel, M.(2000)。The history, rate and pattern of world linguistic evolution。The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social Function and the Origins of Linguistic Form。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
30.石鋒、潘悟雲(1999)。New Development of Chinese Linguistics。Hong Kong:City University of Hong Kong Press。  new window
31.孫宏開(1991)。Tibeto-Burman Phonology and Lexicon。Beijing:Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe。  new window
32.Swofford, D. L.(1993)。Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP)。Champaign:University of Illinois。  new window
33.譚其驤(1982)。Zhongguo Lishi Dituji。Shanghai:Ditu Chubanshe。  new window
34.汪大年(1991)。On the origin of the prefix “a-” in Tibeto-Burman languages。Yimianyu Yanjiu。Chengdu:Sichuan Minzu Chubanshe。  new window
35.汪鋒、楊海潮(2004)。The etyma of Baiman words in Manshu。Studies on Culture in South-West of China。Kunming:Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe。  new window
36.Wang, William S-Y.(1989)。The Basis of Speech。Tokuo:Kenkyusha Shuppan。  new window
37.Wang, William S-Y.(1996)。Language and the evolution of modem humans。The Origins and Past of Modern Humans。Singapore:World Scientific。  new window
38.Wang, William S-Y.(1999)。Language emergence and transmission。In Honor of Mei Tsu-lin: Studies on Chinese Historical Syntax and Morphology。Paris:Ecole des hautes etudes en sciences sociales, Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l'Asie Oriental。  new window
39.Wang, William S-Y.(1998)。Three windows on the past。The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Peoples of Eastern Central Asia。Washington, DC:Intitute for the Study of Man in Collaboration with the University of Pennsylvania Museum Publications。  new window
40.Wiersma, Grace(2003)。Yunnan Bai。The Sino-Tibetan Languages。London:Routledge。  new window
41.Wilkins, David P.(1996)。Natural tendencies of semantic change and the search for cognates。The Comparative Method Reviewed。Oxford:Oxford University Press。  new window
42.吳積才(1989)。Chrokoraphy of Yunnan Province: Chinese Dialects。Kunming:Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe。  new window
43.項夢冰(1997)。Studies on Grammar of Liancheng Hakka。Beijing:Yuwen Chubanshe。  new window
44.向嘉(1997)。Dictionary of Shijing。Chengdu:Sichuan Renmin Chubanshe。  new window
45.徐琳(1988)。A Study of the Bai Story The Huang Family Woman and the Vajracchedîkâ。  new window
46.徐琳、趙衍蓀(1984)。Brief Description of the Bai Language。Beijing:Minzu Chubanshe。  new window
47.楊時逢(1969)。Investigation on Yunnan Dialects。Taipei:Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica。  new window
48.鄭張尙芳(1999)。The Bai language is an independent language of Sino-Bai family。New Development of Chinese Linguistics。Hong Kong:City University of Hong Kong Press。  new window
49.趙衍蓀、徐琳(1996)。Bai-Chinese Dictionary。Chengdu:Sichuan Minzu Chubanshe。  延伸查詢new window
50.Trask, R. L.(1996)。A Dictionary of Phonetics and Phonology。London。  new window
51.Benedict, Paul K.、Matisoff, James A.(1972)。Sino-Tibetan: A Conspectus。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
52.Bradley, David(1979)。Proto-Loloish。Curzon Press。  new window
53.Chomsky, Noam、Halle, Morris(1968)。The Sound Pattern of English。New York, NY:Harper and Row。  new window
54.Thomason, Sarah Grey、Kaufman, Terrence(1988)。Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics。Berkeley, California:University of California Press。  new window
55.Dixon, Robert M. W.(1997)。The Rise and Fall of Languages。Cambridge。  new window
56.Hock, H.(1991)。Principles of Historical Linguistics。New York:Mouton de Gruyter。  new window
57.Baxter, William Hubbard III(1992)。A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology。Mouton de Gruyter。  new window
58.Fox, Anthony(1995)。Linguistic Reconstruction: An Introduction to Theory and Method。Oxford University Press。  new window
59.Cavalli-Sforza, L. L.、Feldman, M. W.(1981)。Cultural transmission and evolution: A quantitative approach。Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press。  new window
60.Hopper, Paul、Traugott, Elizazbeth Closs(1993)。Grammaticalization。Cambridge University Press。  new window
單篇論文
1.龔煌城(1989)。The reconstruction of some initials in Old Chinese from the viewpoint of Sino-Tibetan comparison。  new window
2.龔煌城(1991)。The reconstruction of liquid endings in Old Chinese from the viewpoint of Sino-Tibetan comparison。  new window
圖書論文
1.LaPolla, Randy J.(2003)。Overview of Sino-Tibetan morphosyntax。The Sino-Tibetan Languages。Routledge。  new window
2.Li, Fang-kuei(1937)。Languages and dialects。The Chinese Year Book。Shanghai。  new window
3.Wang, William S. Y.、Cheng, Chin-chuan(1987)。Middle Chinese tones in modern dialects。In Honor of Use Lehiste。Dordrecht:Foris。  new window
4.龔煌城(1994)。The first palatalization of velars in Late Old Chinese。In Honor of William S.-Y. Wang: Interdisciplinary Studies on Language and Language Change。Taipei:Pyramid Press。new window  new window
5.Weinreich, Uriel、Labov, William、Herzog, Marvin I.(1968)。Empirical foundations for a theory of language change。Directions for Historical Linguistics: A Symposium。University of Texas Press。  new window
6.Wang, William S.-Y.(1996)。Linguistic diversity and language relationships。New Horizons in Chinese Linguistics。Kluwer Academic Publishers。  new window
7.龔煌城(20020000)。The First Palatalization of Velars in Late Old Chinese。漢藏語研究論文集。臺北:中央研究院語言學研究所籌備處。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Wang, William S. Y.、Lien, Chin Fa(1993)。Bidirectional Diffusion in Sound Change。Historical Linguistics: Problems and Perspectives。Longman。  new window
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE