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題名:台灣農家已婚婦女時間分配之研究
作者:劉欣芸
作者(外文):Shin-Yun Liu
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:農業經濟學系
指導教授:李朝賢
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2002
主題關鍵詞:時間分配已婚婦女影子工資time allocationmarried womenshadow wage
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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以往婦女勞動的研究中,大多為將婦女的時間分配區分為「休閒」、「市場工作」的二分法型態,或「休閒」、「市場工作」、「家務」的三分法型態,這對於農家婦女的時間分配描述並不適合,因她們除了「休閒」、「市場工作」、「家務」外,還可以留在自家的農場工作。然而大部分婦女在自家農場工作是屬於無酬家屬工作, 而到場外工作則可賺取工資,婦女在兩種工作的經濟效率或邊際生產力可能相同, 但所代表的社會地位、獨立自主能力以及應付經濟變遷能力大不相同。婦女若有能力到場外工作,隱含著其到農業以外部門工作機會提高。因此, 若能增加婦女在農場與場外工作間轉換的能力, 應有助於提升婦女的社會地位, 與增加婦女勞動在不同部門間的流轉。
因此, 本研究嚐試將「農場工作」與「場外工作」的項目同時加入婦女的時間分配當中,將農家婦女的時間分配為農場工作時間、場外工作時間、家務工作時間以及休閒時間,建立四分法的時間分配模型。並利用調查的資料,分別就水稻、蔬菜、果樹、毛豬、肉雞、及養殖漁戶等六類農家的資料,將農家婦女區分為四種時間分配型態,以瞭解農家婦女在農場工時、場外工時、家務工時以及休閒時間分配的情形,及農家婦女時間分配的影響因素。研究結果歸納如下:
一、不同農場生產型態的農家婦女特性各異
水稻農家婦女的農場時間最少,其角色大多為農場助手, 場外工作的機會與時間最多。蔬菜農家婦女的農場時間較其他農場多,而其家務工作為較少的,其農場角色以完全農場伙伴為主。果樹農家的婦女自認為獨立生產者的比例最高。毛豬農家婦女農場與家務時間相對較高,農場角色多以農場助手為主。肉雞農家與養殖漁戶的婦女的角色多為家庭主婦, 其家務工作時間相較為多。
二、不同時間分配型態,各因素影響效果有別
(1)型態I (農場、場外、家務工作)與型態Ⅱ(農場、家務工作)的農家婦女,其影子工資、農場型態、農場規模、家庭型態、學齡前幼童數、教育水準、農場工作經驗、距城鎮距離、丈夫所得等變數具有顯著影響效果。
(2)型態Ⅲ (場外、家務工作)的農家婦女,場外工資、農場型態、家庭型態、年齡、教育程度、非工作所得等具有顯著影響效果。
(3)型態Ⅳ (僅有家務工作)的農家婦女,其農場面積與學齡前幼童數對婦女家務時間有顯著正向的效果。
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