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題名:漢語次要謂語研究
作者:林姃炫
作者(外文):Jeong-Hyun Lim
校院名稱:國立清華大學
系所名稱:語言學研究所
指導教授:蔡維天
湯志真
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2005
主題關鍵詞:次要謂語結果補語描述補語描繪補語評估補語secondary predicatesresultativesdescriptivesdepictivesevaluatives
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本論文將對於漢語次要謂語進行精密的考察,並旁及英語與韓語中的相關現象,以力求解釋下列兩項核心議題:(一) 漢語次要謂語的句法結構與語意詮釋、(二) 不同語言類型中次要謂語的認可機制(licensing mechanism)。
有鑑於種種句法測驗,本研究指出,次要主語(secondary subject)的屬性在決定次要謂語的內部結構時扮演關鍵角色。根據次要主語的選擇性(selectedness)與否結果次要謂語(resultatives)的內部結構可分控制結構(control construction)與小子句結構(small clause construction); 並且,按照空的(empty)次要主語的不同屬性,把表面上相同的V得結構應該再細分為描述次要謂語(descriptives)與評估次要謂語(evaluatives)。本論文也從句法與詞法的平行關係來探討了V得結構與VV複合詞之間的相關關係。
秉持著理論句法的元則參數方法,本文先從準確描寫漢、英、韓語次要謂語裡所見的基本屬性著手,再進一步嘗試找出語言普遍的機制與個別語言特殊的語法現象。本文著重考察赤裸結果次要謂語(bare resultatives)的認可限制與描繪次要謂語(depictives)的出現分佈,來指出語言特殊的不同事象認可(event licensing)與詞組結構規律造成語言之間的差異。
This thesis deals with the syntax and semantics of Chinese secondary predicate construction with comparative extensions to English and Korean. The primary issue of this thesis, then, is twofold. First, we investigate the syntactic representations and semantic interpretations of the distinct subtypes of Chinese secondary predicates, focusing on the status and the nature of the secondary subject. Various syntactic tests present convincing arguments that both control construction and small clause construction are involved in the internal structure of resultatives according to the selectedness of the secondary subject; besides, the superficially same but actually different subtypes of Chinese secondary predicates, such as descriptives and evaluatives, are attributed to the different nature of the empty subject and the licensing mechanism of it. A special attention is also given to the correlation between the V-de construction and its corresponding V-V compound on the basis of the parallelism between the sentence-syntax and word-syntax in Chinese.
Second, we examine several properties peculiar to the secondary predicate construction, and try to provide a principled explanation for deriving cross-linguistic variations seen among Chinese, English and Korean. We argue that both resultatives and depictives share common syntactic and semantic properties among those three languages, but the actual realization of them, such as restriction on the bare resultatives and the distributional asymmetries, may be different depending on the language-specific phrase structure rule and event licensing mechanism.
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