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題名:從創新策略觀點研究知識分享、社會資本及科技政策對技術產業群聚公司之績效影響
作者:王宏元
作者(外文):Hong-Yan Wang
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:科技管理研究所
指導教授:陳明惠
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2017
主題關鍵詞:知識分享社會資本政府政策伙伴關係創新策略公司績效產業聚落knowledge sharingsocial capitalgovernment policypartner portfolioinnovation strategycustomer satisfactionfirm performanceindustrial cluster.
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本論文係以知識分享、社會網絡、政府策略與企業伙伴關係做為獨立變數來探討其對公司創新策略及績效之影響,因為產業創新是知識經濟的核心,知識是創新的基礎,知識的傳播分享與學習可刺激創新活動、增進產業競爭優勢,是高科技產業不可忽視的一環,此外國際產業之競爭是集體產業供應錬之優勢總合,競爭夥伴之資本關係密切與否實質影響資源分享與合作品質,因此知識分享、社會資本關係、政府策略與企業伙伴是產業創新重要因素。由於影響產業創新策略因素是多面向的,本研究以資源基礎之觀點(RBV),探討企業在有限資源中如何運用創新策略的中介與調節效果來發揮最大效益。
儘管產業界瞭解創新與知識管理具有高度重要關連性,但對內、外部知識分享如何透過創新策略(形成、選擇或執行)來發揮最大互補作用的相關研究仍然明顯不足。尤其對創新策略所發揮中介效果之實證研究更是少數,目前大部分創新策略文獻是理論性架構說明或個案式研究,且迄今尚無主流理論共識或一致性結論。因此,本文嘗試以知識管理、社會資本關係、政府創新政策、企業夥伴、創新策略、消費者滿意度及企業績效理論為基礎,旨在發展一個完整性的理論架構,解釋知識管理與社會關係網絡以及政府創新政策與企業夥伴如何透過企業創新策略與消費者滿意度之中介效果,進而影響其事業成功與績效。為了充分反映企業內部與外部知識之衝突關係,我們將知識分享分為內部與外部知識分享並將與其息息相關之企業對外社會資本關係作為獨立變數,並運用3種創新策略(包含自主研發策略、共同研發策略及委外代工研發)中介效果來說明如何化解衝突與扞格,進而達成截長補短之互補功用。
以台灣科學園區209家公司為樣本進行實證研究,有三項主要發現:一、公司內部與外部知識分享及社會資本關係因素對企業創新策略之影響不一,而且透過策略中介效果後所產生對顧客滿意度與企業財務績效也紛歧不一,顯示公司單一創新策略選擇並非最佳策略,而是靈活策略才是企業取得最高財務利益的最有效策略。此外該結果也顯示內部與外部創新策略是互補的,透過企業特有聯盟關係與政府特有獎勵政策結合,可取得更多資源以實現可達成績效,創造一種民間企業與政府互相聯盟的內部經濟發展模式,此一方式可以延緩所謂經濟效益遞減效果。二、以台灣三個科學園區廠商實際營運資料蒐集研究有助補充目前文獻實證案例之不足。三、提出實證數據說明混合式策略(Hybrid strategy)比選擇單一創新策略更具優勢效果。更進一步推論企業為追求最大利益運用靈活策略(Ambidexterity in strategy)亦不可免。
本文之主要貢獻為突顯企業知識分享與對外社會資本關係對產業創新及其事業成功之重要性,公司創新策略則扮演了樞紐之中介與調節角色。此外本研究的結果不僅顯示在混合式策略具優勢實證,並推論如何透過靈活策略與管理方式來化解因不同知識來源(內、外)及不同策略(自主、共同及委外代工研發) 併用時所產生公司內、外部可能衝突及矛盾現象,減少磨擦增進效益以達到公司獲利極大化。有趣的是,經濟地理學者主張產業群聚會有知識外溢效果,產生所謂技術聚落區內比其他地區具有較高研發能量,但本項研究發現創新知識其實具有特殊目的性與選擇性之特質與群聚外溢效果之普遍性與隨機性之特質不同,本研究的發現某種程度上挑戰了這個傳統上的認知。如何兼具吸取群聚知識外溢效果(普遍與隨機性知識)及凝聚企業本身創新知識(特殊性與目的性知識)達到互補策略之優勢,公司(尤其科學園區中小企業)方能在內、外部知識分享機制上取得最大創新效益。此外本文發現公司採用混合性創新策略可增進企業與政府資源有效結合利用,帶給高科技產業經理人的啟示是--如何思考在高度動態競爭中平衡企業與政府聯盟合作關係以獲得最佳利益。
This paper explores internal, external knowledge sharing, social capital government policy, and partner portfolio as antecedents of innovation strategy at the firm level and investigates their effects on financial performance according to customer satisfaction. The proposed hypotheses were empirically tested by examining a sample of 209 technology firms in Taiwan science parks. Using a structural equation model, the results show that a firm’s knowledge sharing and social capital shape the innovation strategies and they highlight the positive impacts of collaborative and in-house innovation strategies on customer satisfaction which positively affects financial performance. We find the purposive and selective impact of knowledge sharing on different strategies and uneven effects on performance via mediation of strategies choice. The evidence complements the way to mitigate the dilemma between knowledge sharing and spillover and clarify the ambiguous arguments between collaborative and outsourcing strategies. It highlights a firm with hybridity (ambidexterity) in strategy enhances the complementarity not only between internal and external knowledge sharing but also between public and private innovation (PPI) activities. The findings provide empirical implications for hi-tech managers to make their innovation strategy more efficient and effective in coping with dynamically-competitive environments.
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