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題名：經濟成長與二氧化碳排放是否真能脫鉤？從OECD國家能源安全績效之觀點
作者：黃釋緯
作者(外文)：Huang, Shi-Wei
校院名稱：國立臺北大學
系所名稱：企業管理學系
指導教授：吳泰熙
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2021
主題關鍵詞：能源安全績效；3E困境；永續發展；多屬性決策；主成分分析；Energy security performance；3E trilemma；Sustainable development；Multiple attribute decision making；Principal component analysis
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因應全球氣候變遷所造成的極端氣候，抑制二氧化碳（carbon dioxide, CO2）排放已成為各國能源安全政策的重要課題。另一個重要課題為經濟成長是否能與CO2排放脫鉤（decoupling）?這個所謂3E困境（3E trilemma），是各國能源政策規劃的重大挑戰。本研究透過回顧相關文獻的能源安全定義，納入聯合國永續發展目標（United Nation's sustainable development goals, SDGs）精神，規劃出更全面的能源安全績效（energy security performance, ESP）評估架構，特別強調治理創新在能源安全的角色，並以此架構評估臺灣與經濟暨合作發展組織（Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD）國家間之ESP。本研究回顧共30篇能源安全實證論文，據以建構五個能源安全構面及20個能源安全指標，採用多屬性決策（multiple attribute decision making, MADM）方法獲得能源安全指標的權重，並利用權重進行能源安全指標之複合，透過分析ESP與經濟成長、CO2排放脫鉤之關聯性，探討具脫鉤現象且ESP表現優異之標竿國家背後所採行的能源安全政策規劃路徑，以作為各國能源安全政策之參考。研究發現ESP持續改善的國家有愛爾蘭、德國、澳洲、捷克、日本、波蘭、丹麥、美國等八個國家，其經濟發展程度相對較高。同樣地，脫鉤狀態也可分為五大類型，其中ESP為進步狀態的國家共有斯洛伐克、臺灣及波蘭。脫鉤現象和ESP改善雖非高度相關，但仍具有一定的關聯性。本研究以下三點研究發現是各國未來改善ESP及規劃能源安全政策的方向：1.提升能源效率是ESP改善的根本，降低能源密集度和電力密集度尤其是關鍵；2.建置再生能源設施可以強化能源可靠度及能源安全；3.在全球氣候變遷的年代下，環境永續相關措施如降低CO2密集度，對提升能源安全的重要性不言可喻。
Due to the impacts brought by climate change, the regulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has become an important determinant in the energy policies of countries. Another controversial issue is the feasibility of decoupling economic growth from CO2 emissions. The "3E trilemma" involving economic growth, energy consumption, and environmental protection poses a major challenge to the planning of energy security policy in various countries. Through an extensive review of the relevant literature on the definitions of energy security and by incorporating the spirit of the United Nation's sustainable development goals (SDGs), this study aimed to develop a more comprehensive energy security performance (ESP) framework. The framework was then used to evaluate the ESP of Taiwan and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member states. This study reviewed 30 relevant empirical papers on energy security performance, and constructed 5 energy security dimensions and 20 indicators. Then we utilized multiple attribute decision making (MADM) method to obtain the weight of energy security indicators, and used the weight to composite the energy security indicators. This study analyzed the correlation between ESP and the decoupling of economic growth from CO2 emissions. The strategies employed by benchmark countries that achieved both decoupling and excellent ESP were also analyzed. The results revealed that the ESP of Ireland, Germany, Australia, Czech, Japan, Poland, Denmark, and USA were more stable and better than those of other OECD member states. Similarly, the state of decoupling can also be divided into five major types. Slovakia, Taiwan, and Poland were countries both decoupling and progressive ESP. The decoupling and energy security performance improvement are not highly correlated, but they still have a specific relevance. By examining the energy security policies of the best performance countries in detail, we present three important observations. They are: 1.The establishment of renewable energy facilities can strengthen a country's energy reliability and energy security; 2.The basis for ESP improvement is the enhancement of energy efficiency, in which the reduction of energy intensity and electricity consumption intensity is of utmost importance; 3.In an era in which sustainable development and climate change are important issues, measures related to environmental sustainability (such as the reduction of CO2 intensity) are undeniably crucial to the enhancement of energy security.
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