Picture Books: Alternative Materials for Teaching EFL Children at the Elementary School_

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題名：	Picture Books: Alternative Materials for Teaching EFL Children at the Elementary School
書刊名：	人文藝術學報
作者：	張淑儀
作者(外文)：	Chang, Shu-i
出版日期：	2002
卷期：	1
頁次：	頁157-189
主題關鍵詞：	小學；繪本；英語教學；教師即研究者；教材；教法；Elementary school；Picture books；EFL；Researcher-teacher；Teaching materials；Teaching instruction
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:1 共同引用:0 點閱:72

教科書往往是英語老師主要的教材，然而，教科書真是唯一的選擇嗎？許多研究兒童第一語言習得及學習英語為第二語言的報告指出兒童藉由與童書的接觸可增進其語文的發展。不過，在有關學習英語為外語的領域當中鮮見這方面的研究報告。因此，我身兼研究者及教學者，到國小進行了一個使用童書為主要教育的英語教學研究，嘗試如何將童書應用在國小英語教學以及其對學習的影響。本研究發童書提供了一個讓學童集中注意力的良好媒介，使用童書佐以不同的教學策略以及多樣的相關活動，經過一個學期，雖祭學童尚無驚人的語言成果表現，但他們對英語的學習持續保有正面的態度或可為從事國小英語老師帶來些許啟示以及鼓勵更多這方面的研究。

以文找文

Traditionally, many EFL teachers in Taiwan used used textbooks as their primary teaching materials. This same practice may continue to be used in may elementary schools where EFL classes have become mandatory since 2001. However, numerous studies have demonstrated the advantages of using authentic materials to help children’s language and literacy development in first language learning contexts. Presently, more scholars agree that children’s literature is valuable and helpful to ESL learners as well. However, little research has been done in the EFL context to demonstrate similar effects. In this project, inspired by the effect of using children’s books in language teaching, I conducted a study on how picture books could be used in an elementary EFL classroom to assist 35 third graders in English learning. As the researcher-teacher, I was responsible for selecting materials, modifying and/or simplifying materials, designing activities, and teaching a class twice a week for an entire semester. The primary purpose of the study was to investigate the feasibility of using picture books as primary materials and how they could be used in elementary EFL classrooms. I found that picture books could indeed serve as an incentive for students’ language learning. Appropriate instructional strategies were also needed to support students’ language learning. Additionally, since students normally have few opportunities to practice and use the language outside the classroom, it was essential to provide diverse activities, in addition to story reading, for them to use English in different contexts in the classroom setting. In this study, I provided students with an environment where they could learn language in a meaningful context where language was used for different purposes. However, more longitudinal studies on the topic of picture book-based program are needed in order to further understand the related issues regarding the use of picture books in elementary EFL settings.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Barker, M. E。Using children's literature to teach ESL to young learners。English Teaching Forum，26(1)，24-33。
2.	Appelt, J. E.(1984)。Not just for little kids: The picture book in ESL classes。TESL Canada Journal，2(2)，67-79。
3.	Elley, W. B.(1991)。Acquiring literacy in a second language: The effect of book-based programs。Language Learning，43(3)，375-411。
4.	Elley, W. B.、Mangubhai, F.(1983)。The impact of reading on second language learning。Reading Research Quarterly，19(1)，53-67。
5.	Gianelli, M.(1991)。Thematic units: Creating an environment for learning。TESOL Journal，1(1)，13-15。
6.	Haden, C. A.、Reese, E.、Fivush, R.(1996)。Mother's extratextual comments during storybook reading: Stylistic differences over time and across texts。Discourse Processes，21，135-169。
7.	Ji, Y.(1999)。Communicative language-teaching through sandwich stories for EFL children in China。TESL Canada Journal，17(1)，103-113。
8.	Kertoy, M. K.(1994)。Adult interactive strategies and the spontaneous comments of preschoolers during joint storybook readings。Journal of Research in Childhood Education，9(1)，58-67。
9.	McQuillan, J.、Tse, L.(1998)。What's the story? Using the narrative approach in beginning language classrooms。TESOL Journal，7(4)，18-23。
10.	Mejia, A. M. de(1998)。Bilingual storytelling: Code switching, discourse control, and learning opportunities。TESOL Journal，7(6)，4-10。
11.	Moerk, E. L.(1985)。Picture-book reading by mothers and young children and its impact upon language development。Journal of Pragmatics，9，547-566。
12.	Morrow, L. M.(1992)。The impact of literature-based program on literacy achievement, use of literature, and attitudes of children from minority backgrounds。Reading Research Quarterly，27(3)，251-275。
13.	Moi, N. S.(1994)。Changing the English language curriculum in Brunei Darussalam。International Journal Educational Development，14(4)，361-370。
14.	Ninio, A.、Bruner, J.(1978)。The achievement and antecedents of labeling。Journal of Child Language，5，1-15。
15.	Reese, A.(1979)。Serial Story Reading in Class。English Language Teaching Journal，33(4)，301-303。
16.	Richek, M. A.、McTague, B. K.(1988)。The 'curious George' strategy for students with reading problems。The Reading Teacher，42，220-226。
17.	Snow, C.、Goldfield, B. A.(1983)。Turn the page please: Situation specific language acquisition。Journal of Child Language，10，551-569。
18.	Strickland, D. S.(1988)。Some tips for using big books。The Reading Teacher，41(9)，966-968。
19.	Strickland, D. S.、Morrow, L. M.(1989)。Interactive experience with storybook reading。The Reading Teacher，43，322-323。

會議論文
1.	Benson, B.、Denzer, D.(1989)。From theory to practice: ESL and literature。Annual Meeting of the Southeast Teachers of English to speakers of Other Languages。

圖書
1.	Anderson, R. C.、Hiebert, E.、Scott, J.、Wilkinson, I.(1985)。Becoming a national of readers: The report of the commission on reading。Washington, DC：National Institute of Education。
2.	Checkerboard Press(1993)。The real Mother Goose。NY：Checkerboard Press。
3.	Cook, V.(1996)。Second language learning and language teaching。London：Arnold。
4.	Craig, J.(1989)。Santa's Cookie Surprise。Troll Associates。
5.	Cullinan, B. E.、Galda, L.(1998)。Literature and the child。Fort Worth, Philadelphia：Harcourt Brace College Publishers。
6.	Curtain, H. A.、Pesola, C. A.(1988)。Languages and children--Making the match。Reading, MA：Addison-Wesley Publishing Company。
7.	Dulay, H.、Burt, M.、Krashen, S. D.(1982)。Language two。New York, NY：Oxford University Press。
8.	Halliday, M.(1977)。Learning how to mean: Explorations in the development of language。New York：Elsevier。
9.	Holdaway, D.(1979)。The foundations of literacy。Sydney：Ashton Scholastic。
10.	Jenkins, E. C.、Austin, M. C.(1987)。Literature for children about Asian and Asian Americans。New York：Greenwood Press。
11.	Lukens, Rebecca J.(1999)。A critical handbook of children's literature。NY：Longman。
12.	Moustafa, M.(1997)。Beyond traditional phonics: Research discoveries and reading instruction。Portsmouth, NH：Heinemann。
13.	Roney, R. C.(2001)。The story performance handbook。Mahwah, New Jersey：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
14.	Russell, D. L.(1994)。Literature for children: A short introduction。NY：Longman。
15.	Tomlinson, C. M.、Lynch-Brown, C.(1996)。Essentials of children's literature。Needham Heights, Massachusetts：Allyn & Bacon。
16.	Harmer, J.(1991)。The practice of English language teaching。London。
17.	Ellis, G.、Brewster, J.(1991)。The storytelling handbook: A guide for primary teachers of English。NY：London：Penguin Books。
18.	Glazer, J. I.(1997)。Introduction to children's literature。Upper Saddle River, NJ：Columbus：Prentice-Hall。
19.	Vygotsky, Lev Semenovich、Cole, Michael、John-Steiner,‎ Vera、Scribner, Sylvia、Souberman, Ellen(1978)。Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes。Harvard University Press。

單篇論文
1.	Lems, K.(1995)。Whole language and the ESL/EFL classroom(ED 384 210)。
2.	Nambiar, M. K.(1991)。Big Books for Little Readers: Works in the ESL Classroom Too(ED 333 736)。
3.	Travers, J. P.(1988)。Tunes for Bears To Dance To(ED 299 799)。
4.	Walqui, A.(2000)。Contextual Factors in Second Language Acquisition，Washington, DC：ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics。(ED 444381)。

圖書論文
1.	Chang, S.(2001)。A case study of a mother facilitating her son's English language development through joint book reading。ESOL Literacy in the Asia-Pacific Region。Taiwan：Taiwan Reading Association。
2.	Curtain, H.(1993)。Methods in elementary school foreign language teaching。Methods that work: Ideas for literacy and language teachers。Boston, Massachusetts：Heinle & Heinle。
3.	Holdaway, D.(1991)。Shared book experience: Teaching reading using favorite books。Early literacy: A constructivist foundation for whole language。Washington D.C.：National Education Association。
4.	Krashen, Stephen(1980)。The input hypothesis。Current issues in bilingual education。Washington, DC：Georgetown University Press。
5.	Morrow, L. M.、Gambrell, L. B.(2000)。Literature-based reading instruction。Handbook of reading research。Mahwah, New Jersey：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
6.	Strickland, D. S.、Taylor, D.(1989)。Family storybook reading: Implications for children, families, and curriculum。Emerging literacy: Young children learn to read and write。Newark, DE：International Reading Association。
7.	Snow, C. E.、Ninio, A.(1986)。The contracts of literacy: What children learn from learning to read books。Emergent literacy: Writing and reading。Ablex。

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