Traumatic Encounter with History: The War and the Politics of Memory in Mrs. Dalloway_

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題名：	Traumatic Encounter with History: The War and the Politics of Memory in Mrs. Dalloway
書刊名：	NTU Studies in Language and Literature
作者：	蔡美玉
作者(外文)：	Tsai, Mei-yu
出版日期：	2007
卷期：	18
頁次：	頁61-90
主題關鍵詞：	伍爾夫；弗若伊德；卡露思；創傷理論；達樂薇夫人；歷史；戰爭；記憶；敘事理論；Virginia Woolf；Sigmund Freud；Cathy Caruth；Trauma theory；Mrs. Dalloway；History；War；Memory；Narrative theory
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:113

本文探討創傷書寫與記憶之間錯綜複雜的關係。作者引用晚近興起的創傷理論辯證《達樂微夫人》（Mrs. Dalloway ）一書中所呈現的歷史是一種陰魂不散的歷史觀。伍爾夫（Virginia Woolf ）描寫的不只是戰後歸來的軍人薩提馬思（Septimus ）受創的紊亂心靈，而是以文化，社會政治，及心理層面書寫戰爭創傷帶給個人及整個社會的衝激。因此，第一次大戰所帶給人的心靈創傷，仍是餘威無窮，繼續糾纏戰後的英國社會。薩提馬思受創的心靈本身就是一場歷史夢魘，他的存在象徵過去的傷痕尚未癒合，而這樣的歷史夢魘是不見容於極欲擺脫戰爭傷痕的英國社會。因此，整個英國社會似乎有意無意間鼓勵薩提馬思自殺，以便解決及遺忘過去的傷痕。然而，小說的結尾無法有效舒發創傷的衝激。薩提馬思的肉體雖然在小說中消失，他卻如鬼魅般糾纏達樂薇夫人的宴會。漂浮如鬼魅，薩提馬思糾纏『達樂微夫人』這部小說，就如心靈的創傷亦牢牢糾纏著他不放。因此，創傷的概念讓讀者重新審視敘事，記憶，與遺忘之間的關係。

以文找文

In this essay--“Traumatic Encounter with History: the War and the Politics of Memory in Mrs. Dalloway”--discuss the problematic issue of memory in the narrative of trauma. Drawing on recent trauma studies, I argue that Mrs. Dalloway offers a version of history as haunting, in which Woolf depicts not only the chaos of Septimus's shattered mind but also situates the aftermath of war in relation to a larger society. I argue that postwar British society is troubled by the overwhelming flood of dangerous emotions resulting from the traumatic impact of an event on the scale of World War I. Representing the nightmare of history as well as the troubling and unresolved effects of the past, Septimus is subtly encouraged by society to kill himself so that the past can be resolved and forgotten. However, my reading indicates that the novel's ending, as a long-waited discharge of traumatic excitations in the wake of Septimus's death, does not offer consolation; instead, the ending is deceptive. Though written off physically from the novel, Septimus returns to ghostly haunt Mrs. Dalloway's party. In other words, Mrs. Dalloway offers a version of history as haunting, in which the effects of the war are most definitely not put to rest. Trauma therefore serves to introduce the problem of the relation of narrative to remembering and forgetting. To sum up, Woolf responds to the legacy of shell-shock by focusing on the cultural, sociopolitical, and psychological contexts of trauma.

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期刊論文
1.	Van der Kolk, Bessel A.、Van der Hart, Onno(1991)。The Intrusive Past: The Flexibility of Memory and the Engraving of Trauma。American Imago，48(4)，425-454。
2.	Bogacz, Ted(1989)。War Neuroses and Cultural Change in England, 1914-1922: The Work of the War Office Committee of Enquiry into Shell Shcok。Journal of Contemporary History，24，227-256。
3.	Caruth, Cathy(1991)。Introduction: Psychoanalysis, Culture, and Trauma II。American Imago，48(4)，1-12。
4.	DeMeester, Karen(1998)。Trauma and Recovery in Virginia Wool's Mrs. Dalloway。Modern Fiction Studies，44(3)，649-673。
5.	Guth, Deborah(1990)。Rituals of Self-Deception: Clarissa Dalloway's Final Moment of Vision。Twentieth Century Literature，36，35-42。
6.	Knox-Shaw, Peter(1995)。The Otherness of Septimus Warren Smith。The Durham University Journal，47(1)，99-110。
7.	Leed, Eric J.(2000)。Fateful Memories: Industrialized War and Traumatic Neuroses。Journal of Contemporary History，35(1)，85-106。
8.	Mosses, George L.(2000)。Shell-shock as a Social Disease。Journal of Contemporary History，35(1)，101-108。
9.	Thomas, Sue(1987)。Virginia Woolf's Septimus Smith and Contemporary Perceptions of Shell Shock。English Language Notes，25(2)，49-57。
10.	Tuhkanen, Mikko(2001)。Binding the Self: Baldwin, Freud, and the Narrative of Subjectivity。GLQ: A Journal of the Lesbian and Gay Studies，7(4)，553-591。
11.	Winter, Jay(2000)。Shell-Shock and the Cultural History of the Great War。Journal of Contemporary History，35(1)，7-11。

圖書
1.	Woolf, Leonard、Leonard Woolf、James Strachey(1953)。A writer's diary: being extracts from the diary of Virginia Woolf。London：The Hogarth P。
2.	Squier, Susan Merrill(1985)。Virginia Woolf and London: The Sexual Political of the City。Virginia Woolf and London: The Sexual Political of the City。Chapel Hill。
3.	Freud, Sigmund(1989)。Beyond the Pleasure Principle。New York and London。
4.	Laub, Dori M. D.(1992)。Bearing Witness or the Vicissitudes of Listening。London and New York。
5.	Minow-Pinkney, Makikio(1987)。Virginia Woolf and the Problem of the Subject。New Brunswick。
6.	Janoff-Bulmann, Ronnie(1992)。Shattered assumptions: Toward a new psychology of trauma。Shattered assumptions: Toward a new psychology of trauma。New York。
7.	Showalter, Elaine(1985)。The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830-1980。New York：Penguin。
8.	Fussell, Paul(1975)。The Great War and Modern Memory。Oxford：New York：Oxford University Press。
9.	Shay, Jonathan(1994)。Achilles in Vietnam: Combat trauma and the undoing of character。New York：Scribner。
10.	Miller, Joseph Hillis(1982)。Fiction and repetition: Seven English novels。Oxford：Basil Blackwell。
11.	Vickroy, Laurie(2002)。Trauma and Survival in Contemporary Fiction。Charlottesville。
12.	Woolf, Virginia(1953)。Mrs. Dalloway。London：Harcourt Brace Jovanovich。
13.	Herman, Judith Lewis(1992)。Trauma and Recovery。New York：Basic Books。
14.	Caruth, Cathy(1995)。Trauma: Explorations in Memory。Baltimore：Johns Hopkins University Press。
15.	Caruth, Cathy(1996)。Unclaimed experience: Trauma, narrative, and history。Johns Hopkins University Press。
16.	Edkins, Jenny(2003)。Trauma and the Memory of Politics。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。
17.	Connerton, Paul(1989)。How Societies Remember。Cambridge University Press。
18.	Bazin, Nancy Topping(1973)。Virginia Woolf and the Androgynous Vision。Virginia Woolf and the Androgynous Vision。New Jersey。
19.	Booth, Allyson(1996)。Postcards from the Trenches: Negotiating the Space Between Modernism and the First World War。Postcards from the Trenches: Negotiating the Space Between Modernism and the First World War。Oxford。
20.	Butler, Judith(1990)。The Pleasure of Repetition。Pleasure Beyond the Pleasure Principle。New Haven。
21.	Degroot, Gerard J.(1996)。Blighty: British Society in the Era of the Great War。Blighty: British Society in the Era of the Great War。New York。
22.	Greenberg, Judith(2001)。'When Ears are Deaf and the Heart is Dry': Traumatic Reverberations in Between the Acts。Woolf Studies Annual（Volume 7）。New York。
23.	Harper, Howard(1990)。Mrs. Dalloway。Clarissa Dalloway。New York。
24.	Hussey, Mark(1991)。Virginia Woolf and War: Fiction, Reality, and Myth。Virginia Woolf and War: Fiction, Reality, and Myth。Syracuse。
25.	King, Alex(1998)。Memorials of the Great War in Britain: The Symbolism and Politics of Remembrance。Memorials of the Great War in Britain: The Symbolism and Politics of Remembrance。Oxford。
26.	Leed, Eric J.(1979)。No Man's Land: Combat and Identity in World War I。No Man's Land: Combat and Identity in World War I。London。
27.	Leese, Peter(2002)。Shell Shock: Traumatic Neurosis and the British Soldiers of the First World War。Shell Shock: Traumatic Neurosis and the British Soldiers of the First World War。New York。
28.	Levenback, Karen L.(1999)。Virginia Woolf and the Great War。Virginia Woolf and the Great War。Syracuse。
29.	Lerner, Paul、Micale, Mark S.(2001)。Trauma, Psychiatry, and History: A Conceptual and Historiographical Introduction。Traumatic Pasts: History, Psychiatry, and Trauma in the Modern Age, 1870-1930。Cambridge。
30.	Leys, Ruth(1996)。Traumatic Cures: Shell Shock, Janet, and the Question of Memory。Tense Past: Cultural Essays in Trauma and Memory。London/New York。
31.	Love, Jean O.(1970)。Worlds in Consciousness: Mythopoetic Thought in the Novels of Virginia Woolf。Worlds in Consciousness: Mythopoetic Thought in the Novels of Virginia Woolf。Berkeley。
32.	Marcus, Laura(1997)。Virginia Woolf。Virginia Woolf。Plymouth, UK。
33.	Poole, Roger(1991)。'We All Put Up with You Virginia': Irreceivable Wisdom about War。Virginia Woolf and War: Fiction, Reality, and Myth。Syracuse。
34.	Rose, Phyllis(1986)。Woman of Letters: A Life of Virginia Woolf。Woman of Letters: A Life of Virginia Woolf。London。
35.	Roudebush, Marc(2001)。A Battle of Nerves: Hysteria and Its Treatments in France During World War I。Traumatic Pasts: History, Psychiatry, and Trauma in the Modern Age, 1870-1930。Cambridge。
36.	Sherphard, Ben(2001)。A War of Nerves: Soldiers and Psychiatrists in the Twentieth Century。A War of Nerves: Soldiers and Psychiatrists in the Twentieth Century。Cambridge, MA。

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